Wylfa Nuclear Power Station

Wylfa Nuclear Power Station
Country Wales, United Kingdom
Location Anglesey
Coordinates 53°25′01″N 4°28′59″W / 53.417°N 4.483°W / 53.417; -4.483Coordinates: 53°25′01″N 4°28′59″W / 53.417°N 4.483°W / 53.417; -4.483
Status Closed
Construction began 1963
Commission date 1971
Decommission date 2015
Owner(s) Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
Operator(s) Magnox Ltd
Nuclear power station
Reactor type Magnox
Reactor supplier The Nuclear Power Group
Power generation
Units decommissioned 2 x 490 MW

Wylfa Nuclear Power Station (Welsh: Atomfa'r Wylfa) is a former Magnox power station situated west of Cemaes Bay on the island of Anglesey, North Wales. Construction of the two 490 MW nuclear reactors, known as "Reactor 1" and "Reactor 2", began in 1963. They became operational in 1971. Wylfa was located on the coast because seawater was used as a coolant.

In 2012 Reactor 2 was shut down. Three years later, Reactor 1 was switched off on 30 December 2015 so ending 44 years of operation at the site.

Wylfa Newydd (literally New Wylfa) is a proposed new nuclear station on a site adjacent to the old plant. An application to build two advanced boiling water reactors was submitted by Horizon Nuclear Power to the Office of Nuclear Regulation on 4 April 2017.

History

Wylfa was the second nuclear power station to be built in Wales after Trawsfynydd in 1959. Following the closure of Trawsfynydd in 1991, Wylfa became Wales' only nuclear power station.

Construction of Wylfa, which was undertaken by British Nuclear Design & Construction (BNDC), a consortium backed by English Electric, Babcock & Wilcox Ltd and Taylor Woodrow Construction,[1] began in 1963. The reactors were supplied by The Nuclear Power Group (TNPG) and the turbines by English Electric. These were the largest and last Magnox-type reactors to be built in the UK. Wylfa was also the second British nuclear power station, following Oldbury, to have a pre-stressed concrete pressure vessel instead of steel for easier construction and enhanced safety.

Wylfa's two 490 MW Magnox nuclear reactors, "Reactor 1" and "Reactor 2" became operational in 1971.[2] They typically supplied 23 GW h of electricity daily when they were both in service.

Although the original design output was 1,190 MW, unexpected accelerated ("breakaway") corrosion of mild steel components of the gas circuit in hot CO2 was detected even before the first reactor began operating. The channel gas outlet temperature, the temperature at which the CO2 leaves the fuel channels in the reactor core, had to be reduced, initially dropping the power output to 840 MW, which was later raised to 980 MW as more experience accumulated. A considerable portion of the output, up to 255 MW, was consumed by the nearby Anglesey Aluminium smelting plant.[3]

The graphite cores each weigh 3,800 tonnes (3,700 long tons); 6,156 vertical fuel channels contain over 49,248 natural uranium magnox-clad fuel elements, hence the name magnox reactor. A further 200 channels allow boron control rods to enter the reactor and control the nuclear reaction. The primary coolant in the reactors is carbon dioxide gas.

The power station is still managed by Magnox Ltd, formerly Magnox North, formerly British Nuclear Group, formerly Magnox Electric, formerly Nuclear Electric, formerly National Power, formerly the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). The site is owned by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). Its purpose is to oversee the decommissioning and clean-up of the UK's civil nuclear legacy.

During its operational life substantial works have been needed to strengthen the reactors against deteriorating welds discovered in the safety review in April 2000. Amid public controversy, Greenpeace issued an independent safety appraisal[4] commissioned a report from Large Associates, critical of the plant and its restart plans, but the permit to restart operation was given in August 2001. In addition to welding weaknesses, radiolytic depletion of the graphite moderator blocks was still of concern and PAWB continue to campaign for early shut-down of the plant as well as against any nuclear replacement.

On 20 July 2006 the NDA announced that the station would be shut down in 2010 to enable the closure and decommissioning of the Magnox spent fuel reprocessing plant at Sellafield.[5] Springfields Fuels Limited ended production of Magnox fuel elements in 2008 due to these plans.[6] However, in 2010 the NDA announced an extension to 2012, beyond Wylfa's 40th anniversary as a generating power station in January 2011, due to schedule slippage at Sellafield which would allow Wylfa additional time before final defuelling.[7][8] At this time, a strategy was also devised to maximise the generation from the remaining fuel stock given that new fuel could no longer be manufactured. This required a change in the distribution of fuel within the reactors, as well as the closure of Reactor 2 in 2012 to allow this fuel to be transferred into Reactor 1.[9] Reactor 2 ceased generating on 25 April 2012 at 19:02 BST,[10] allowing Reactor 1 to continue to operate. A license extension to operate Reactor 1 until 31 December 2015 was granted in September 2014.[11]

Reactor 1 was shut down on 30 December 2015. De-fuelling started in 2016. The whole site should be spent nuclear fuel free by late 2018. Decommissioning will take decades.[12]

Future nuclear plant plans

Wylfa nuclear power station from Llanbadrig Point

A second plant named Wylfa Newydd (previously referred to as Wylfa B[13]) has been proposed. Wylfa Newydd's proposal has been the subject of local opposition, led by the group People Against Wylfa B (PAWB[14] – "pawb" is Welsh for "everyone"). In March 2006 the local council voted to extend the life of Wylfa A and to support the construction of Wylfa B, citing the potential loss of employment in the smelter works and nuclear station.[15]

Horizon Nuclear Power, originally an E.ON and RWE joint venture, bought by Hitachi in 2012,[16] announced in 2009 intentions to install about 3,000 MWe of new nuclear plant at Wylfa. Horizon is planning to build two advanced boiling water reactors (ABWRs) at a site to the south of the existing Wylfa station.[17][18]

On 18 October 2010 the British government announced that Wylfa was one of the eight sites it considered suitable for future nuclear power stations.[19]

In January 2012, three hundred anti-nuclear protesters took to the streets of Llangefni, against plans to build a new nuclear power station at Wylfa. The march was organised by organisations including Pobl Atal Wylfa B, Greenpeace and Cymdeithas yr Iaith, which are supporting farmer Richard Jones who is in dispute with Horizon.[20]

In 2013 Horizon planned initial site work to start at Wylfa in 2015, with building work starting in 2018 and generation starting in the mid-2020s.[21]

On the 4 April 2017, Horizon submitted a Site Licence Application to the Office for Nuclear Regulation.[22] [23] The scheme now includes a tunnel under the Menai Strait to carry the power cables to protect the conservation worth of the Strait and the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty[24]

As of December 2017 Horizon believes a consensus now of government and industry is that the Contract for Difference financing model used for Hinkley Point C nuclear power station, involving fully private sector financing, will not used for subsequent nuclear plants, and is in discussions with government about alternative finance mechanisms.[25]

The UK government intends to invest £5 billion in the new power station. Previously, government policy had been not to invest directly in new nuclear projects.[26]

Horizon Nuclear Power submitted a Development Consent Order application for the Wylfa Newydd project to the Planning Inspectorate on 1 June 2018. [27]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Nuclear Development in the United Kingdom
  2. ↑ Nuclear Power Plants in the UK - Scotland and Wales Archived 19 July 2009 at the Portuguese Web Archive
  3. ↑ "Power deal threat to metal plant". BBC News. 15 January 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  4. ↑ Review of ageing processes and their influence on safety and performance of Wylfa nuclear power station Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine., Greenpeace
  5. ↑ "Wylfa definitely closing in 2010". BBC News. 20 July 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  6. ↑ "Final shipment of new Magnox fuel". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
  7. ↑ "Wylfa to continue generating until 2012". Nuclear Engineering International. 13 October 2010. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
  8. ↑ "The Magnox life extension story - Nuclear Engineering International". www.neimagazine.com. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
  9. ↑ "Inter-reactor fuel transfer at Wylfa 1&2 - Nuclear Engineering International". www.neimagazine.com. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
  10. ↑ "Nuclear workers offered retraining as Wylfa reactor shuts early". BBC News. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  11. ↑ Wylfa nuclear plant given extension
  12. ↑ "World's last operating Magnox reactor closes". World Nuclear News. 31 December 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  13. ↑ "Wylfa B is re-named Wylfa Newydd by nuclear developer". Daily Post. 15 November 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  14. ↑ "stop-wylfa.org".
  15. ↑ "Council votes in favour of new power plant". Isle of Anglesey County Council. 3 March 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2007.
  16. ↑ "Hitachi buys UK nuclear project from E.On and RWE". BBC. 30 April 2009.
  17. ↑ James Murray (30 April 2009). "RWE/E.ON and EDF win nuclear auction". BusinessGreen. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
  18. ↑ "FAQs: WYLFA". Horizon Nuclear Power. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
  19. ↑ "Nuclear power: Eight sites identified for future plants". BBC News. BBC. 18 October 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
  20. ↑ Elgan Hearn (Jan 25, 2012). "Hundreds protest against nuclear power station plans". Online Mail.
  21. ↑ Chris Dearden (21 October 2013). "Wylfa B nuclear power station: Housing concerns for workers". BBC. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  22. ↑ https://www.horizonnuclearpower.com/news-and-events/news/news-details/388
  23. ↑ http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-nuclear-horizon-idUKKBN1760VX
  24. ↑ "Wylfa Newydd: Power tunnel under Menai Strait to cost £100m". BBC. 30 September 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  25. ↑ Ward, Andrew (19 December 2017). "Britain's next nuclear plant eyes new funding models". Financial Times. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  26. ↑ Vaughan, Adam (4 June 2018). "UK takes £5bn stake in Welsh nuclear power station in policy U-turn". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  27. ↑ Edgar, Laura. "DCO application submitted for Wylfa Newydd". The Planner. Retrieved 14 June 2018.

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