Truncated icosidodecahedron

Truncated icosidodecahedron

(Click here for rotating model)
TypeArchimedean solid
Uniform polyhedron
ElementsF = 62, E = 180, V = 120 (χ = 2)
Faces by sides30{4}+20{6}+12{10}
Conway notationbD or taD
Schläfli symbolstr{5,3} or
t0,1,2{5,3}
Wythoff symbol2 3 5 |
Coxeter diagram
Symmetry groupIh, H3, [5,3], (*532), order 120
Rotation groupI, [5,3]+, (532), order 60
Dihedral angle6-10: 142.62°
4-10: 148.28°
4-6: 159.095°
ReferencesU28, C31, W16
PropertiesSemiregular convex zonohedron

Colored faces
4.6.10
(Vertex figure)

Disdyakis triacontahedron
(dual polyhedron)
Net

In geometry, the truncated icosidodecahedron is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex isogonal nonprismatic solids constructed by two or more types of regular polygon faces.

It has 62 faces: 30 squares, 20 regular hexagons, and 12 regular decagons. It has more vertices (120) and edges (180) than any other convex nonprismatic uniform polyhedron. Since each of its faces has point symmetry (equivalently, 180° rotational symmetry), the truncated icosidodecahedron is a zonohedron.

Names

The name truncated icosidodecahedron, given originally by Johannes Kepler, is misleading. An actual truncation of a icosidodecahedron has rectangles instead of squares. This nonuniform polyhedron is topologically equivalent to the Archimedean solid.

Alternate interchangeable names are:
Icosidodecahedron and its truncation

The name great rhombicosidodecahedron refers to the relationship with the (small) rhombicosidodecahedron (compare section Dissection).
There is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron with a similar name, the nonconvex great rhombicosidodecahedron.

Area and volume

The surface area A and the volume V of the truncated icosidodecahedron of edge length a are:

If a set of all 13 Archimedean solids were constructed with all edge lengths equal, the truncated icosidodecahedron would be the largest.

Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a truncated icosidodecahedron with edge length 2φ − 2, centered at the origin, are all the even permutations of:[4]

(±1/φ, ±1/φ, ±(3 + φ)),
(±2/φ, ±φ, ±(1 + 2φ)),
(±1/φ, ±φ2, ±(−1 + 3φ)),
(±(2φ − 1), ±2, ±(2 + φ)) and
(±φ, ±3, ±2φ),

where φ = 1 + √5/2 is the golden ratio.

Dissection

The truncated icosidodecahedron is the convex hull of a rhombicosidodecahedron with cuboids above its 30 squares whose height to base ratio is the golden ratio. The rest of its space can be dissected into 12 nonuniform pentagonal cupolas below the decagons and 20 nonuniform triangular cupolas below the hexagons.

Orthogonal projections

The truncated icosidodecahedron has seven special orthogonal projections, centered on a vertex, on three types of edges, and three types of faces: square, hexagonal and decagonal. The last two correspond to the A2 and H2 Coxeter planes.

Orthogonal projections
Centered by Vertex Edge
4-6		 Edge
4-10		 Edge
6-10		 Face
square		 Face
hexagon		 Face
decagon
Solid
Wireframe
Projective
symmetry		 [2]+ [2] [2] [2] [2] [6] [10]
Dual
image

Spherical tilings and Schlegel diagrams

The truncated icosidodecahedron can also be represented as a spherical tiling, and projected onto the plane via a stereographic projection. This projection is conformal, preserving angles but not areas or lengths. Straight lines on the sphere are projected as circular arcs on the plane.

Schlegel diagrams are similar, with a perspective projection and straight edges.

Orthographic projection Stereographic projections
Decagon-centered Hexagon-centered Square-centered

Geometric variations

Within Icosahedral symmetry there are unlimited geometric variations of the truncated icosidodecahedron with isogonal faces. The truncated dodecahedron, rhombicosidodecahedron, and truncated icosahedron as degenerate limiting cases.

Truncated icosidodecahedral graph

Truncated icosidodecahedral graph
5-fold symmetry
Vertices 120
Edges 180
Radius 15
Diameter 15
Girth 4
Automorphisms 120 (A5×2)
Chromatic number 2
Properties Cubic, Hamiltonian, regular, zero-symmetric
Table of graphs and parameters

In the mathematical field of graph theory, a truncated icosidodecahedral graph (or great rhombicosidodecahedral graph) is the graph of vertices and edges of the truncated icosidodecahedron, one of the Archimedean solids. It has 120 vertices and 180 edges, and is a zero-symmetric and cubic Archimedean graph.[5]

Schlegel diagram graphs

3-fold symmetry
2-fold symmetry
Bowtie icosahedron and dodecahedron contain two trapezoidal faces in place of the square.[6]

This polyhedron can be considered a member of a sequence of uniform patterns with vertex figure (4.6.2p) and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram . For p < 6, the members of the sequence are omnitruncated polyhedra (zonohedrons), shown below as spherical tilings. For p > 6, they are tilings of the hyperbolic plane, starting with the truncated triheptagonal tiling.

Notes

  1. ↑ Wenninger, (Model 16, p. 30)
  2. ↑ Williamson (Section 3-9, p. 94)
  3. ↑ Cromwell (p. 82)
  4. ↑ Weisstein, Eric W. "Icosahedral group". MathWorld.
  5. ↑ Read, R. C.; Wilson, R. J. (1998), An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford University Press, p. 269
  6. ↑ Symmetrohedra: Polyhedra from Symmetric Placement of Regular Polygons Craig S. Kaplan

References

  • Wenninger, Magnus (1974), Polyhedron Models, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-09859-5, MR 0467493
  • Cromwell, P. (1997). Polyhedra. United Kingdom: Cambridge. pp. 79–86 Archimedean solids. ISBN 0-521-55432-2.
  • Williams, Robert (1979). The Geometrical Foundation of Natural Structure: A Source Book of Design. Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-486-23729-X.
  • Cromwell, P.; Polyhedra, CUP hbk (1997), pbk. (1999).
  • Eric W. Weisstein, GreatRhombicosidodecahedron (Archimedean solid) at MathWorld.
  • Klitzing, Richard. "3D convex uniform polyhedra x3x5x - grid".
  • Weisstein, Eric W. "Great rhombicosidodecahedron". MathWorld.
  • * Weisstein, Eric W. "Great rhombicosidodecahedral graph". MathWorld.
  • Editable printable net of a truncated icosidodecahedron with interactive 3D view
  • The Uniform Polyhedra
  • Virtual Reality Polyhedra The Encyclopedia of Polyhedra
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