Tokyo Toden

Toden cars crossing

The Tokyo Toden (東京都電, Tōkyō Toden) or simply Toden, is the tram network of Tokyo, Japan. Of all its former routes, only one, the Tokyo Sakura Tram, remains in service. The Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation operates the Toden. The formal legal name is Tokyo-to Densha. Its nickname, "Toden," distinguished it from the "Kokuden" (electrified lines of the Japanese National Railways).

History

At its peak, the Toden system boasted 41 routes with 213 kilometers of track. However, the increase in reliance on automobile traffic resulted in reductions in ridership, and from 1967 to 1972, 181 km of track were abandoned as the Bureau changed its emphasis to bus and subway modes of transportation.

  • 1903: The Tokyo Horse-drawn Railway changed its motive power to electricity and, under the name Tokyo Electric Railway (or Tōden, 東電) commenced operations between Shinagawa and Shinbashi.
  • 1903: The Tokyo Urban Railway (or Gaitetsu, 街鉄) began operations between Sukiyabashi (in Ginza) and Kandabashi.
  • 1904: The Tokyo Electric Railway (Sotobori Line) connecting Shinbashi Station and Ochanomizu opened.
  • 1905: The three companies published the "Tokyo Geography Education Streetcar Song" to promote knowledge of the geography of Tokyo.
  • 1906: The three companies merged to form the Tokyo Railways.
  • 1911: Tokyo City purchased the Tokyo Railways, established its Electric Bureau, and inaugurated the Tokyo City Streetcar (東京市電) system.
  • 1911–1922: The streetcar network expands, with various new companies and lines serving areas in the city and to the west.
  • 1933: The route from Shinagawa Station to North Shinagawa Station is abandoned.
  • 1933–1943: New companies, mergers, and realignments alter the network.
  • 1943: Tokyo City is abolished and the larger Tokyo Prefecture assumes its administrative functions. The Tokyo City Streetcar bureau becomes the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation.
  • 1944: Service is stopped on nine segments.
  • 1945–1951: During the Occupation of Japan, the network evolved slowly.
  • 1952: The segment of the Imai Line between Higashi Arakawa and Imaibashi Stations was replaced with trolley buses.
  • 1953, 1961: Two segments (one in Shinjuku and the other connecting Shinbashi Station and Shiodome) stop operating.
  • 1963: In preparation for the Tokyo Olympics, two segments (Kita-Aoyama Itchome – Miyakezaka and Hanzomon – Kudanshita) cease operations. The Suginami Line (Shinjuku – Ogikubo) closes because it duplicates a line of the Eidan Subway.
  • 1967–1972: A plan for financial restructuring is put into effect in seven stages, resulting in the closing of routes.
  • 1974: A plan for abandoning the remaining track is cancelled. The remaining routes are consolidated into a single line, named the Arakawa Line.
  • 1978: One-man operation begins.
  • 1990: The 8500 Series rolling stock is introduced. It is the first new design in 28 years.
  • 2000: A new station, Arakawa Itchūmae, opens between two existing stations.
  • 2007 (projected): 9000 Series rolling stock is scheduled for introduction.

Former lines

Lines

This is the list of former lines, listed according to their official names. Correspnding routes are those of 1962. The first section of the lines opened in the listed opening years, while the last section of the lines closed in the listed closing years.

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Electric Railway (Tōden)

  • Azumabashi Line; ■ Route 24 and ■ 30.
Ueno-Ekimae — Honjo-Azumabashi
1904 — 1972
  • Hondōri Line; ■ Route 1, ■ 4, ■ 19, ■ 22 and ■ 40.
Shimbashi — Sudachō
1903 — 1971
  • Kanasugi Line; ■ Route 1 and ■ 4.
Mita — Shimbashi
1903 — 1969
  • Kuramae Line; ■ Route 22 and ■ 31.
Kaminarimon — Asakusabashi
1904 — 1971
  • Muromachi Line; ■ Route 22 and ■ 31.
Asakusabashi — Marunouchi-Itchōme
1904 — 1971
  • Shinagawa Line; ■ Route 1, ■ 3 and ■ 7.
Kita-Shinagawa — Mita
1903 — 1967
Trains from the Keihin Electric Railway (the current Keihin Electric Express Railway) directly entered a section from Shinagawa Station to Kita-Shinagawa Station.
  • Ueno Line; ■ Route 1, ■ 19, ■ 20, ■ 24, ■ 30, ■ 37 and ■ 40.
Sudachō — Ueno-Ekimae
1903 — 1972

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Urban Railway

  • Aoyama Line; ■ Route 6, ■ 9 and ■ 10.
Miyakezaka — Shibuya-Ekimae
c. 1904 — 1968
  • Bammachi Line; ■ Route 10.
Hanzōmon — Kudanshita
c. 1905 — 1963
  • Chiyodabashi Line; ■ Route 15, ■ 28 and ■ 38.
Ōtemachi — Eitaibashi
c. 1904 — 1972
  • Edogawa Line; ■ Route 15 and ■ 39.
Kudanshita — Waseda
c. 1905 — 1968
  • Hamachō Line
Ningyōchō — Ryōgoku
c. 1904 — 1944
  • Hanzōmon Line; ■ Route 8, ■ 9, ■ 10 and ■ 11.
Hibiya-Kōen — Hanzōmon
1903 — 1968
  • Hongō Line; ■ Route 19.
Circa Sudachō — Hakusan-ue
1904 — 1971
  • Hōraibashi Line
Miharabashi — Hōraibashi
c. 1904 — c. 1909
  • Ichigaya Line; ■ Route 12.
c. 1905 — 1970
  • Kandabashi Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 5, ■ 15, ■ 25, ■ 35 and ■ 37.
Hibiya-Kōen — Ogawamachi
1903 — 1968
  • Kiridōshi Line; ■ Route 16 and ■ 39.
Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae — Ueno-Hirokōji
c. 1904 — 1971
  • Kōtōbashi Line; ■ Route 25, ■ 29 and ■ 38.
Ryōgoku-Nichōme — Kinshibori
c. 1905 — 1972
  • Kudan Line; ■ Route 10, ■ 12 and ■ 15.
Ogawamachi — Kudanshita
c. 1904 — 1970
  • Mita Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 5, ■ 35 and ■ 37.
Mita — Hibiya-Kōen
c. 1904 — 1968
  • Narihira Line; ■ Route 16, ■ 23 and ■ 24.
Midorichō-Itchōme — Fukujimbashi
Narihirabashi — Asakusa-Ekimae (the current Tōbu Narihirabashi Station.)
c. 1905 — 1972
  • Ryōgokubashi Line; ■ Route 10, ■ 12, ■ 25 and ■ 29.
Ogawamachi — Ryōgoku-Nichōme
1903 — 1972
  • Shinjuku Line; ■ Route 11, ■ 12 and ■ 13.
Hanzōmon — Shinjuku-Ekimae
1903 — 1970
  • Suzaki Line; ■ Route 28 and ■ 38.
Eitaibashi — Tōyō-Kōen-mae
Fukushimabashi (Eitai-Nichōme) — Kamezumichō (Fukagawa-Itchōme)
c. 1904 — 1972
  • Toranomon Line; ■ Route 3 and ■ 8.
Sakuradamon — Kamiyachō
Toranomon — Reinanzaka
c. 1905 — 1968
  • Tsukiji Line; ■ Route 8, ■ 9, ■ 11 and ■ 36.
Hibiya-Kōen — Kayabachō (— Ningyōchō)
1903 — 1971
  • Umayabashi Line; ■ Route 16 and ■ 39.
Ueno-Hirokōji — Honjo-Itchōme
c. 1905 — 1971

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Electric Railway (Sotobori Line)

  • Dobashi Line; ■ Route 17.
Shin-Tokiwabashi — Shimbashi-eki-Kitaguchi
c. 1904 — 1968
  • Hiroo Line; ■ Route 7.
Aoyama-Itchōme — Tengenjibashi
c. 1905 — 1969
  • Hōraibashi Line; ■ Route 6.
Miharabashi — Toranomon
c. 1905 — 1967
  • Nishikichō Line
Ochanomizu — Shin-Tokiwabashi
c. 1904 — 1944
  • Ochanomizu Line; ■ Route 13 and ■ 19.
Iidabashi — Akihabara-eki-Higashiguchi
c. 1905 — 1971
  • Shinanomachi Line; ■ Route 7 and ■ 33.
Yotsuya-Sanchōme — Kita-Aoyama-Itchōme
c. 1905 — 1969
  • Tameike Line; ■ Route 3 and ■ 6.
Toranomon — Yotsuya-Mitsuke
c. 1905 — 1967
  • Ushigome Line; ■ Route 3 and ■ 12.
Yotsuya-Mitsuke — Iidabashi
c. 1905 — 1970

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Railways

  • Furukawa Line; ■ Route 4, ■ 5, ■ 7, ■ 8 and ■ 34.
Tengenjibashi — Kanasugibashi
c. 1910 — 1969
Near Ichinohashi, the tracks ran on the center lane of the roadways.
  • Hakusan Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 18 and ■ 35.
Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae — Hakusan-ue
c. 1910 — 1968
  • Izumibashi Line; ■ Route 13 and ■ 21.
Doshūbashi — Ueno-Ekimae
c. 1910 — 1970
On Shōwa Street near Ueno Station, the tracks ran on the center lane of the roadways.
  • Minowa Line; ■ Route 21 and ■ 31
c. 1910 — 1969
  • Ōtsuka Line; ■ Route 16 and ■ 17.
Denzūin-mae — Ōtsuka-Ekimae
c. 1910 — 1971
  • Senju Line; ■ Route 22.
Komagata-Nichōme — Minami-Senju
c. 1910 — 1971
  • Sugamo Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 18 and ■ 35.
Hakusan-ue — Sugamo-Shako-mae
c. 1910 — 1968
  • Suidōbashi Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 17, ■ 18 and ■ 35.
Shin-Tokiwabashi — Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae
c. 1910 — 1968
  • Takahashi Line; ■ Route 23.
Monzen-Nakachō — Midorichō-Itchōme
c. 1910 — 1972
  • Tomisaka Line; ■ Route 16, ■ 17 and ■ 39.
Ōmagari — Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae
c. 1910 — 1971

Lines made by Ōji Electric Tramway

  • Akabane Line; ■ Route 27.
Ōji-Ekimae — Akabane
1926 — 1972
  • Arakawa Line; ■ Route 27 and ■ 32.
Kumanomae — Ōji-Ekimae
1913 — still operational
The current Arakawa Line.
  • Mikawashima Line; ■ Route 27.
Minowabashi — Kumanomae
1913 — still operational
The current Arakawa Line.
  • Takinogawa Line; ■ Route 32.
Ōji-Ekimae — Ōtsuka-Ekimae
1911 — still operational
The current Arakawa Line.
  • Waseda Line; ■ Route 32.
Ōtsuka-Ekimae — Waseda
1925 — still operational
The current Arakawa Line.

Lines made by Jōtō Electric Tramway

  • Ichinoe Line; ■ Route 26.
Higashi-Arakawa — Imaibashi
1925 — 1952
Commonly called Imai Line. An isolated line with no transfer stations to other lines in the network.
  • Komatsugawa Line; ■ Route 25, ■ 29 and ■ 38.
Kinshibori — Nishi-Arakawa
1917 — 1972
On the Keiyō Road near Kameido Station, the tracks ran on the center lane of the roadways.
  • Sunamachi Line; ■ Route 29 and ■ 38.
Suijimmori — Suzaki
1921 — 1972

Lines made by Tamagawa Electric Railway

  • Naka-Meguro Line; ■ Route 8.
Shibuyabashi — Naka-Meguro
  • Tengenjibashi Line; ■ Route 8 and ■ 34.
Shibuya-Ekimae — Tengenjibashi

Lines made by the former Seibu Railway

They were the only lines with a gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in). The rest of the network had a gauge of 1,372 mm (4 ft 6 in).

  • Kōenji Line; ■ Route 14.
Shinjuku-Ekimae — Kōenji-Itchōme
1921 — 1963
Commonly called Suginami Line.
  • Ogikubo Line; ■ Route 14.
Kōenji-Itchōme — Ogikubo-Ekimae
1921 — 1963
Commonly called Suginami Line.

Other lines

  • Asukayama Line; ■ Route 19.
Komagome-Ekimae — Asukayama
c. 1920 — 1971
  • Awajimachi Line; ■ Route 37.
Awajimachi — Soto-Kanda-Sanchōme
c. 1920 — 1967
  • Dōzaka Line; ■ Route 20, ■ 37 and ■ 40.
Ueno-Kōen — Sengoku-Itchōme
Late 1910s — 1971
Ueno-Kōen-mae — Nezu-Itchōme (the line along the edge of Shinobazu Pond) ran on its own right-of-way.
  • Ebisu Line
Tengenjibashi — Ebisu-Chōjamaru
1913 — 1944
Also called Toyosawa Line, or Tengenji Line.
  • Fudanotsuji Line; ■ Route 3 and ■ 8.
Iikura-Itchōme — Fudanotsuji
c. 1912 — 1967
  • Gokokuji Line; ■ Route 17 and ■ 20.
Sengoku-Itchōme — Gokokuji-mae
c. 1920 — 1971
  • Gotanda Line; ■ Route 4.
Seishōkō-mae — Gotanda-Ekimae
Late 1920s — 1967
  • Hatchōbori Line; ■ Route 5.
Baba-Sakimon — Eitaibashi
c. 1920 — 1967
  • Ikebukuro Line; ■ Route 17.
Gokokuji-mae — Ikebukuro-Ekimae
Early 1930s — 1969
  • Isarago Line; ■ Route 4, ■ 5 and ■ 7.
Furukawabashi — Sengakuji
c. 1912 — 1969
  • Ishiwara Line; ■ Route 16.
Ishiwarachō-Itchōme — Kinshichō-Ekimae (Kitaguchi)
Taiheichō-Sanchōme — Kameido-Tenjimbashi
Late 1920s — 1971
  • Itabashi Line; ■ Route 18 and ■ 41.
Sugamo-Shako-mae — Itabashi-Ekimae
Late 1920s — 1966
Sometimes included to Shimura Line.
  • Kachidokibashi Line; ■ Route 11.
Tsukiji-Tsukishima
1947 — 1968
  • Kasaibashi Line; ■ Route 29.
Sakaigawa — Kasaibashi
Early 1940s — 1972
  • Kasumichō Line; ■ Route 6.
Tameike — Minami-Aoyama-Gochōme
Late 1910s — 1967
  • Kita-Senju Line; ■ Route 21.
Senju-Ōhashi — Senju-Yonchōme
Late 1920s — 1968
  • Komagome Line; ■ Route 19.
Mukōgaoka-Nichōme — Komagome-Ekimae
Late 1910s — 1971
  • Marunouchi Line; ■ Route 28 and ■ 31.
Marunouchi-Itchōme — Tochō-mae
c. 1920 — 1969
  • Meguro Line; ■ Route 4 and ■ 5.
Gyoranzaka-shita — Meguro-Ekimae
c. 1912 — 1967
  • Mukōjima Line; ■ Route 30.
Honjo-Azumabashi — Higashi-Mukōjima-Nichōme
Late 1920s — 1969
  • Otowa Line; ■ Route 20.
Gokokuji-mae — Yaraishita
Late 1920s — 1971
  • Roppongi Line; ■ Route 3, ■ 8 and ■ 33.
Hamamatsuchō-Itchōme — Kita-Aoyama-Itchōme
1912 — 1969
  • Ryōgoku-eki Leading Line; ■ Route 12.
Ryōgoku-Nichōme — Ryōgoku-Ekimae
1923 — 1968
  • Sarue Line; ■ Route 28 and ■ 36.
Kinshichō-Ekimae (Minamiguchi) — Tōyō-Kōen-mae
Late 1920s — 1972
  • Senzoku Line; ■ Route 31.
Kuramae-Itchōme — Minowa-Shako-mae
c. 1920 — 1969
  • Shibaura Line
Tōkyō-Kōguchi — Shibaura-Nichōme
1910 — 1969; The passenger service started from 1920s.
  • Shimura Line; ■ Route 18 and ■ 41.
Itabashi-Ekimae — Shimurabashi
Early 1940s — 1966
  • Shin-Ōhashi Line; ■ Route 9 and ■ 36.
Kayabachō — Sumiyoshichō-Nichōme
c. 1912 — 1971
  • Totsuka Line; ■ Route 15.
Takadanobaba-Ekimae — Omokagebashi
? — 1968; The opening year unknown.
  • Tsukishima Line; ■ Route 23.
Monzen-Nakachō — Tsukishima
c. 1920 — 1972
  • Tsunohazu Line; ■ Route 13.
Iidabashi — Yotsuya-Sankōchō
c. 1912 — 1970

Routes

As of 1962, there were 41 routes in operation; the largest number in Japanese history.

■ Route 1
Shinagawa-Ekimae — Shinagawa Line — Kanasugi Line — Hondōri Line — Ueno Line — Ueno-Ekimae
■ Route 2
Mita — Mita Line — Kandabashi Line — Suidōbashi Line — Hakusan Line — Sugamo Line — Tōyō-Daigaku-mae
■ Route 3
Shinagawa-Ekimae — Shinagawa Line — Fudanotsuji Line — Roppongi Line — Toranomon Line — Tameike Line — Ushigome Line — Iidabashi
■ Route 4
Gotanda-Ekimae — Gotanda Line — Meguro Line — Isarago Line — Furukawa Line — Kanasugi Line — Hondōri Line — Ginza-Nichōme
■ Route 5
Meguro-Ekimae — Meguro Line — Isarago Line — Furukawa Line — Mita Line — Kandabashi Line — Hatchōbori Line — Eitaibashi
■ Route 6
Shibuya-Ekimae — Aoyama Line — Kasumichō Line — Tameike Line — Hōraibashi Line — Shimbashi
■ Route 7
Yotsuya-Sanchōme — Shinanomachi Line — Hiroo Line — Furukawa Line — Isarago Line — Shinagawa Line — Shinagawa-Ekimae
■ Route 8
Naka-Meguro — Naka-Meguro Line — Tengenjibashi Line — Furukawa Line — Fudanotsuji Line — Roppongi Line — Toranomon Line — Hanzōmon Line — Tsukiji Line — Tsukiji
■ Route 9
Shibuya-Ekimae — Aoyama Line — Hanzōmon Line — Tsukiji Line — Shin-Ōhashi Line — Hamachō-Nakanohashi
■ Route 10
Shibuya-Ekimae — Aoyama Line — Hanzōmon Line — Bammachi Line — Kudanshita Line — Ryōgokubashi Line — Sudachō
■ Route 11
Shinjuku-Ekimae — Shinjuku Line — Hanzōmon Line — Tsukiji Line — Kachidokibashi Line — Tsukishima
■ Route 12
Shinjuku-Ekimae — Shinjuku Line — Ushigome Line — Ichigaya Line — Kudan Line — Ryōgokubashi Line — Ryōgoku-eki Leading Line — Ryōgoku-Ekimae
■ Route 13
Shinjuku-Ekimae — Shinjuku Line — Tsunohazu Line — Ochanomizu Line — Izumibashi Line — Suitengū-mae
■ Route 14
Shinjuku-Ekimae — Kōenji Line — Ogikubo Line — Ogikubo-Ekimae
■ Route 15
Takadanobaba-Ekimae — Totsuka Line — Waseda Line — Edogawa Line — Kudan Line — Kandabashi Line — Chiyodabashi Line — Kayabachō
■ Route 16
Ōtsuka-Ekimae — Ōtsuka Line — Tomisaka Line — Kiridōshi Line — Umayabashi Line — Narihira Line — Ishiwara Line — Kinshichō-Ekimae
■ Route 17
Ikebukuro-Ekimae — Ikebukuro Line — Gokokuji Line — Ōtsuka Line — Tomisaka Line — Suidōbashi Line — Dobashi Line — Sukiyabashi
■ Route 18
Shimura-Sakaue — Shimura Line — Itabashi Line — Sugamo Line — Hakusan Line — Suidōbashi Line — Kandabashi
■ Route 19
Ōji-Ekimae — Takinogawa Line — Asukayama Line — Komagome Line — Hongō Line — Ochanomizu Line — Ueno Line — Hondōri Line — Tōri-Sanchōme
■ Route 20
Edogawabashi — Otowa Line — Gokokuji Line — Dōzaka Line — Ueno Line — Sudachō
■ Route 21
Senju-Yonchōme — Kita-Senju Line — Minowa Line — Izumibashi Line — Suitengū-mae
■ Route 22
Minami-Senju — Senju Line — Kuramae Line — Muromachi Line — Hondōri Line — Shimbashi
■ Route 22 Temporal
Kaminarimon — Kuramae Line — Muromachi Line — Hondōri Line — Shimbashi
The branch route was treated as a temporal route.
■ Route 23
Fukujimbashi — Narihira Line — Takahashi Line — Tsukishima Line — Tsukishima
■ Route 24
Fukujimbashi — Narihira Line — Azumabashi Line — Ueno Line — Sudachō
■ Route 25
Nishi-Arakawa — Komatsugawa Line — Kōtōbashi Line — Ryōgokubashi Line — Kandabashi Line — Hibiya-Kōen
■ Route 26
Higashi-Arakawa — Ichinoe Line — Imaibashi
Already discontinued in 1952.
■ Route 27
Minowabashi — Mikawashima Line — Arakawa Line — Akabane Line — Akabane
■ Route 28
Kinshichō-Ekimae — Sarue Line — Suzaki Line — Chiyodabashi Line — Marunouchi Line — Tochō-mae
■ Route 29
Kasaibashi — Kasaibashi Line — Sunamachi Line — Komatsugawa Line — Kōtōbashi Line — Ryōgokubashi Line — Sudachō
■ Route 29 Temporal
Kasaibashi — Kasaibashi Line — Sunamachi Line — Suzaki Line — Chiyodabashi Line — Nihombashi
The temporal route operated at morning and evening.
■ Route 30
Higashi-Mukōjima-Nichōme — Mukōjima Line — Azumabashi Line — Ueno Line — Sudachō
■ Route 31
Minowabashi — Mikawashima Line — Senzoku Line — Kuramae Line — Muromachi Line — Marunouchi Line — Tochō-mae
■ Route 32
Arakawa-Shako-mae — Arakawa Line — Takinogawa Line — Waseda Line — Waseda
■ Route 33
Yotsuya-Sanchōme — Shinanomachi Line — Roppongi Line — Hamamatsuchō-Itchōme
■ Route 34
Shibuya-Ekimae — Tengenjibashi Line — Tengenjibashi
■ Route 35
Sugamo-Shako-mae — Sugamo Line — Hakusan Line — Suidōbashi Line — Kandabashi Line — Mita Line — Nishi-Shimbashi-Itchōme
■ Route 36
Kinshichō-Ekimae — Sarue Line — Shin-Ōhashi Line — Tsukiji Line — Tsukiji
■ Route 37
Mita — Mita Line — Kandabashi Line — Ryōgokubashi Line — Awajichō Line — Ueno Line — Dōzaka Line — Sendagi-Nichōme
■ Route 38
Kishinbori-Shako-mae — Kōtōbashi Line — Komatsugawa Line — Sunamachi Line — Suzaki Line — Chiyodabashi Line — Nihombashi
■ Route 39
Waseda — Edogawa Line — Tomisaka Line — Kiridōshi Line — Umayabashi Line — Umayabashi
■ Route 40
Shimmeichō-Shako-mae — Dōzaka Line — Ueno Line — Hondōri Line — Ginza-Nanachōme
■ Route 41
Shimurabashi — Shimura Line — Itabashi Line — Sugamo-Shako-mae

See also

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