Timeline of Mecca
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Prior to 20th century
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- 100 BCE - "Yemeni tribes of Jurham rule Mecca."[1]
- 570 CE - Year of the Elephant.
- 613 CE - "Muhammad begins public preaching in Mecca."[2]
- 622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to Medina, with followers (muhajirun).[3]
- 625-629 : Pilgrim Mosques built in numerous countries like (Kerala) India & in China by first disciples of Prophet.
- Pilgrimage of Muslims to Mecca per Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.[2]
- 11 December: Occupation of Mecca.
- 683 / 63-64 H - Siege of Mecca (683); Kaaba burnt.[4]
- 692 - Siege of Mecca (692).[5]
- 751 - Milestones installed along the Darb Zubaidah (Baghdad-Mecca road).
- 793 - Harun al-Rashid visits city.[4]
- 810 - Aqueduct built.[1]
- 930 - City sacked by Qarmatians; Black Stone taken out of Mecca.[4]
- 951 - Black Stone returned to Mecca.[4]
- 1184 - Traveller Ibn Jubayr visits city.[6]
- 1265 - Egyptian Mamluks in power.[4]
- 1326 - Traveller Ibn Battuta visits Mecca.[6]
- 1517 - Ottomans in power;[7] Selim I becomes Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.
- 1630 - Flood.[7]
- 1631 - Kaaba rebuilt.[8]
- 1802/1803 - Mecca "captured by the Sa'udi-Wahhabi army."[9]
- 1812/1813 - Wahhabis ousted by Egyptian forces.[7]
- 1840 - Ottomans in power again.[7]
- 1880 - 21 March: Sharif assassinated.[5]
- 1885 - Population: 45,000 (estimate).[10]
- 1886 - Printing press in use (approximate date).[11]
20th century
- 1908 / 1325-1326 H
- September: Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Mecca) begins operating.[5]
- Hussein bin Ali becomes sharif.[1]
- Al-Hijaz government newspaper begins publication.[11]
- 1912 - Madrasat al-Falah established.[11]
- 1916 / 1334-1335 H
- June–July: Battle of Mecca (1916).[4]
- Hashimite al-Qibla government newspaper begins publication.[11]
- 1921 - Population: 80,000 (approximate estimate).[12]
- 1924 / 1342-1343 H
- Battle of Mecca (1924).[11]
- 12 December: Umm al-Qura government newspaper begins publication.[11]
- Population: 60,000 (approximate estimate).[13]
- Ali of Hejaz becomes sharif.
- 1925 - City becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[4]
- 1926 - Al Adl cemetery and al-Mahad al-Ilmi Suudi (school)[11] established.
- 1929 - Amanat al-Asima (municipality) established.[11]
- 1931 / 1349-1350 H - Public library founded (approximate date).[11]
- 1932 - Dar al-Hadith (school) established.[11]
- 1930s - Aziziyya, Faysaliyya, Khayriyya, and Suudiyya schools established (approximate date).[11]
- 1938 - Maktabat al-Haram (library) active.[11]
- 1945 - Al-Wehda Club (sport club) formed.
- 1949 / 1368-1369 H - Kulliyyat al-Sharia (college) established.[11]
- 1951 - College of Education established.[11]
- 1958 - Al Nadwa newspaper begins publication.[14]
- 1960 - Police academy established.[11]
- 1962
- 1964 / 1383-1384 H
- Malcolm X visits city.[1]
- Masjid al-Haram expanded.[1]
- 1966 - Mahad al-Nur (school) established.[11]
- 1972 - Hajj televised.[16]
- 1973 - "Master Plan for the Holy City of Mecca" launched.[1]
- 1974 - Population: 366,801.[17]
- 1975 - Fire in Mina.[1]
- 1979 - 20 November-4 December: Grand Mosque seizure.[18]
- 1981 - Umm al-Qura University established.[11]
- 1986 - King Abdul Aziz Stadium opens.
- 1987 - 31 July: 1987 Mecca incident.
- 1992 - Population: 965,697.[14]
- 1997 - 16 April: Mecca fire of 1997.
21st century
- 2005 - April: 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games held in city.
- 2006 / 1426-1427 H
- 5 January: 2006 Mecca hostel collapse.
- 12 January: 2006 Hajj stampede.[18]
- December: Abraj al Bait Mall in business.[19]
- 2007 - Jamaraat Bridge for pedestrians rebuilt.
- 2010
- Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro begins operating.
- Makkah Clock Royal Tower Hotel in business.
- 2012
- August: Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference held in city.
- Abraj Al Bait built.
- 2013 - Mishaal bin Abdullah Al Saud becomes governor of Mecca Province.
- 2014 / 1435-1436 H - Raffles Makkah Palace hotel and Swissôtel Makkah in business.
- 2015
- 13 July: City visible via Snapchat imagery.[20][21]
- September: Mecca crane collapse.
See also
- Mecca history
- History of Mecca (in Arabic)
- List of sharifs of Mecca
- Timeline of Muhammad in Mecca
- List of mosques in Mecca
- Timeline of Islamic history
- Timelines of other cities in Saudi Arabia: Jeddah, Medina, Riyadh
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sardar 2014.
- 1 2 John L. Esposito (2003). "Chronology of Key Events". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 351+. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8.
- ↑ New Encyclopedia of Islam. USA: AltaMira Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-7591-0190-6.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hollister 1996.
- 1 2 3 Haydn 1910.
- 1 2 Tolmacheva 2000.
- 1 2 3 4 Agoston 2009.
- ↑ Saudi Arabia: Mecca, ArchNet, archived from the original on September 2008
- ↑ "Saudi Arabia". Political Chronology of the Middle East. Europa Publications. 2003. p. 197+. ISBN 978-1-135-35673-6.
- ↑ "Turkey". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Bosworth 2007.
- ↑ "Arabia: Kingdom of Hejaz". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
- ↑ "Again Holy Mecca Resounds to Arms; City of the Prophet Yields for Second Time in a Century to the Wahabis", New York Times, 2 November 1924
- 1 2 "Saudi Arabia". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 3662+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ↑ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
- ↑ Marwan M. Kraidy; Joe F. Khalil (2009). "Chronology". Arab Television Industries. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 153+. ISBN 978-1-84457-576-3.
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
Makkah
- 1 2 BBC News. "Saudi Arabia Profile: Timeline". Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ↑ "Price of Progress: Transforming Islam's Holiest Site", New York Times, 8 March 2007
- ↑ "Why do thousands want to show off Mecca on a chat app?", BBC News, 11 July 2015
- ↑ "Snapchat opens digital window on Mecca to millions", al-Jazeera, 14 July 2015
Bibliography
- Published in 18th-19th centuries
- Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the City of Mecca". Travels through Arabia. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son – via HathiTrust.
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Mecca", The Cyclopædia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Mecca", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1829). "(Mekka)". Travels in Arabia. London: H. Colburn.
- Josiah Conder (1830), "Mekka", Arabia, The Modern Traveller, 4, London: J.Duncan
- Richard Francis Burton (1855). Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah. 2. 1. Tylston and Edwards. , v.2
- "Mecca". American Cyclopedia. D. Appleton & Company. 1879.
- Edward Balfour (1885), "Mecca", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
- Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1888). Mekka (in German). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
- Published in 20th century
- "Mecca", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
- "Mecca", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Mecca", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via HathiTrust
- "Mecca". Encyclopædia of Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1934. pp. 438+.
- Gerald de Gaury (1954). Rulers of Mecca. New York: Roy Publishers. (fulltext)
- Philip Khuri Hitti (1973). "Mecca". Capital Cities of Arab Islam. University of Minnesota Press. p. 3+. ISBN 978-0-8166-0663-4.
- Francis Edward Peters (1986). Jerusalem and Mecca: The Typology of the Holy City in the Near East. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-6598-2.
- Patricia Crone (1987). Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam. Princeton University Press.
- Francis Edward Peters. Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-03267-X (1994)
- Pam Hollister (1996). "Mecca". In Noelle Watson. International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 483–486. ISBN 1884964036.
- Stefano Bianca (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam – The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", Urban Form in the Arab World, Zurich: ETH Zurich, ISBN 3728119725, 0500282056
- Marina A. Tolmacheva (2000). "Mecca". In John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg. Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 387+. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9.
- Published in 21st century
- Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Mecca". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Mecca". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 354+.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Makkah", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
- Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). "Mecca". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. p. 354. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
- Ziauddin Sardar (2014). "Chronology". Mecca: The Sacred City. Bloomsbury. p. 365+. ISBN 978-1-62040-266-5.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mecca. |
- Map of Mecca, 1946
- "H.V. Weakley Photo Gallery: Pilgrimage, Mecca c1912" – via St Antony's College, Oxford, Middle East Centre Archive.
- "(Mecca)". Qatar Digital Library. Qatar National Library.
- Europeana. Items related to Mecca, various dates
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Mecca, various dates
- John Walker. "Calendar Converter". Fourmilab.
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