Sarmatian culture

The Sarmatian culture, also known as the Prohorovka culture or Prohorovo culture, existed on the Eurasian steppes in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BCE. It is characterized archaeologically by a complex of mounds in the Prohorovski District, Orenburg region, excavated by S.I. Rudenko. The term was coined in 1760 and signifies a political doctrine, dogma and philosophy of life.

The mounds were dated to 4th and 3rd centuries BCE and linked with the Sarmatians (Sauromates-Sarmatian community), at the time eastern neighbors of the related Scythians. In 1927-1929, B.N. Grakov combined archaeological monuments of the Lower Volga and Southern Ural, similar to Prohorovka, in Prohorovski (Sauromates Sarmatian) and dated her stage IV-II centuries BC.

Origin

The two theories about the origin of the Sarmatian culture are:

  • The Sarmatian culture was fully formed by the end of the fourth century BCE, based on the combination of local Sauromatian culture of Southern Ural and foreign elements brought by tribes advancing from the forest-steppe Zauralye (Itkul culture, Gorohovo culture), from Kazakhstan and possibly from the Aral Sea region.[1] Sometime between the fourth and third century BC, a mass migration carried nomads of the Southern Ural to the west in the Lower Volga and a smaller migration to the north, south, and east. In the Lower Volga, Eastern nomads either partly assimilated local Sauromatian tribes, or pushed them into the Azov Sea and the Western Caucasus, where they subsequently formed the basis of the sirakskogo nomadic association. A symbiosis of the Southern-Ural Prohorovo culture with the Lower Volga of Sauromatian culture defines local differences between Prohorovski monuments of Southern Ural and the Volga-Don region within a single culture.
  • The Sarmatian culture in the Southern Ural evolved from the early Prohorovo culture. The culture of the Lower Volga Sauromates developed separately at the same time as an independent community.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Мошкова М.Г. Памятники прохоровской культуры//САИ, 1963. Д. 1-10
  2. ↑ Уральская историческая энциклопедия. — УрО РАН, Институт истории и археологии. Екатеринбург: Академкнига. Гл. ред. В. В. Алексеев. 2000.

Bibliography

  • Граков Б.Н. ГYNAIKOKPATOYMENOI (Пережитки матриархата у сарматов)//ВДИ, 1947. № 3;
  • Смирнов К.Ф. Савроматы. М., 1964;
  • Пшеничнюк А.Х. Культура ранних кочевников Южного Приуралья. М., 1983;
  • Prof. Khalil A. Kabara. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2011.
  • Скрипкин А.С. Азиатская Сарматия. Саратов, 1990.
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