Saidu Sharif Stupa

Saidu Sharif Stupa
The lower terrace with the main stupa
Shown within Pakistan
Basic information
Location Pakistan
Geographic coordinates 34°45′26″N 72°21′44″E / 34.757091°N 72.362172°E / 34.757091; 72.362172Coordinates: 34°45′26″N 72°21′44″E / 34.757091°N 72.362172°E / 34.757091; 72.362172
Affiliation Buddhism
Region Gandhara
Year consecrated 1-5th century CE
Ecclesiastical or organizational status Stupa ruins
Status Artifacts removed

The Saidu Sharif Stupa, excavated under the name Saidu Sharif I, is a sacred area of Buddhist located near the city of Saidu Sharif, at the foot of the mountains that separate the river valley Saidu from that of the river Jambil, in the Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The sacred area consists of two terraces built on the slope of the hill, through a cut in the rock on the north side. Artificial terracing includes one stūpa, surrounded by smaller monuments, and a monastery.[1]

Excavations

The excavations were initiated by the Italian Archaeological Mission in 1963 and ended in 1982, with a pause between 1966 and 1977. The first excavation campaign investigated the lower terrace with the main stūpa, while the upper terrace with the monastery it was brought to light during the second campaign.[1]

The lower terrace (called "Terrace of the Stupas") has a larger stūpa (Main Stupa) surrounded by other minor monuments: stūpas, viharas and columns. Of the Main Stupa is preserved the structure with a square plan up to the first cylindrical body, with a stairway on the north side; of the harmikā and of the umbrellas are preserved some remains found near the stūpa. One of the two cylindrical bodies of the monument was adorned with a frieze figured in green schist while at the four corners of the top of the rectangular body were four columns on a pedestal with a lion figure crouched on top.[1]

The life phase of the sanctuary of Saidu Sharif I was divided by archaeologists in three periods, during which time we pass from a symmetrical arrangement of the monuments (first period, between 25 BCE and the end of the 1st century) to a progressive crowding of the Terrace of the Stupa, followed by an extension of the terrace itself (second and third periods, respectively II-III century CE and IV-V century CE). The three construction periods were also highlighted on the upper terrace; the monastery underwent an extension followed by a reduction to the original dimensions in the third period, which testifies to the decline of the entire sacred area.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Le Huu Phuoc, Buddhist Architecture, Grafikol 2009, p.174-176
  2. ↑ Le Huu Phuoc, Buddhist Architecture, Grafikol 2009, p.174-176

Bibliography

  • Pierfrancesco Callieri (edited by), Italian Archaeological Mission (IsMEO), Pakistan, Swat, 1956-1981. Documentary Exhibition , Rome, IsMEO, 1982.
  • Pierfrancesco Callieri, "The monastery of the sacred Buddhist area of Saidu Sharif I (Swat)", Excavations and archaeological research of the years 1976-1979 (Quaderni de "Scientific research", CNR, 112) ' ', 1985, pp. 327-39.
  • Pierfrancesco Callieri, Saidu Sharif I (Swat, Pakistan). 1. The Buddhist Sacred Area. The Monastery , vol. XXIII, Report and Memoirs 1, Rome, IsMEO, 1989.
  • Pierfrancesco Callieri and Anna Filigenzi (edited by), The master of Saidu Sharif. At the origins of Gandhara art (Catalog of the exhibition, Rome 2002), Rome, 2002.
  • Domenico Faccenna, Saidu Sharif I (Swat, Pakistan). 2. The Buddhist Sacred Area. The Stūpa Terrace , vol. XXIII, Report and Memoirs 2, Rome, IsMEO, 1995.
  • Domenico Faccenna, The figurative frieze of the Main Stupa in the sacred Buddhist area of Saidu Sharif I (Swat, Pakistan) , vol. XXVIII, Report and Memoirs, Rome, IsMEO, 2001.

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