Ptolemy IX Lathyros

Full name
	Ptolemy IX Soter II

Ptolemy IX Lathyros
Ptolemy IX Lathyros
	Pharaoh from the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt
	Fragment of a stela of Ptolemy IX, 115 BC, Aswan
Ptolemaic King of Egypt
Predecessor	Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III of Egypt
Prenomen (Praenomen)
Nomen
	ptwlmis Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mri-ptḥ; Petulemis Ankhdjet meryptah; Ptolemaios, living forever, beloved of Ptah
	;
Horus name
Nebty name
Golden Horus
Born	c. 143 – 142 BC
Died	81 BC (aged 60–62)
Wives	Cleopatra IV; Cleopatra Selene I;
Issue	Perhaps two sons, these may be Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus (by Cleopatra IV or Cleopatra Selene I); Berenice III (by Cleopatra Selene I); Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus (possibly by an unknown mistress)
Full name
	Ptolemy IX Soter II
Dynasty	Ptolemaic
Father	Ptolemy VIII
Mother	Cleopatra III

Ptolemy IX Soter II^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]} (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr "Ptolemy the Saviour"), commonly nicknamed Lathyros (Λάθυρος, Láthuros "chickpea"),^[1] reigned twice as king of Ptolemaic Egypt. He took the throne after the death of his father Ptolemy VIII in 116 BC, in joint rule with his mother Cleopatra III.

He was deposed in 107 BC by his mother and brother, Ptolemy X. He ruled Egypt once more from his brother's death in 88 BC to his own death in 81 BC. The legitimate Ptolemaic line in Egypt ended shortly after the death of Ptolemy IX with the death of his nephew Ptolemy XI. Ptolemy IX's illegitimate son Ptolemy XII then took the throne of Egypt.

Biography

Wall relief of Cleopatra III, her mother Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VIII before Horus at Kom Ombo

Coronation of Ptolemy IX depicted at Kom Ombo

Early life

Ptolemy IX was the elder son of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III of Egypt.^[2] He married his sister Cleopatra IV in 119 or 118 BC.^[3] Ptolemy VIII died in 116 BC, leaving the throne to Cleopatra III and one of her sons.^[4]

Rule over Egypt

Cleopatra III initially chose Ptolemy IX to be her co-regent, though it seems that she was forced to choose him by the Alexandrians. Cleopatra III pushed out Cleopatra IV and replaced her with their younger sister Cleopatra Selene I as the wife of Ptolemy IX.^[1]^[4] It is possible that construction of certain buildings such as temples occurred during the first reign of Ptolemy IX. This would have included work on the Dendera Temple complex and on the temple in Edfu.^[1]

Cleopatra III claimed that Ptolemy IX had tried to kill her and successfully deposed him in 107 BC, putting her favourite son Alexander on the throne as co-regent with her.^[1] At this time Ptolemy IX went to the isle of Cyprus.^[4] He may have served at some point as its governor.^[5] His brother Alexander, who reigned as Ptolemy X, is stated to have had Cleopatra III murdered in 101 BC.^[1]

Ptolemy X was killed in battle in 88 BC, and Ptolemy IX reigned once again until his death in 81 BC. He may have reigned jointly with his daughter Berenice III, who was the widow of her uncle Ptolemy X.^[1]

Issue and successors

Coin of Ptolemy XII

Ptolemy IX's legitimate daughter Berenice III reigned for about a year after her father's death. She was forced to marry her stepson Alexander, who reigned under the name Ptolemy XI and had her killed nineteen days later. Shortly afterwards Ptolemy XI was lynched by an enraged Alexandrian mob.^[6]

To stave off invasion or annexation by other powers, those with influence ensured the throne passed to Ptolemy IX's remaining children, even though they were illegitimate. Ptolemy XII of Egypt and his younger brother or half-brother, also named Ptolemy, were recalled from the Kingdom of Pontus. Ptolemy XII was placed on the throne and given a queen, Cleopatra V^[6]—who was likely his sister and another illegitimate child of Ptolemy IX.^[6]^[7] The younger Ptolemy was given the rule of Cyprus, the last external territory Egypt possessed.^[6]

Ptolemy IX may have had two sons by Cleopatra IV^[3] or Cleopatra Selene I.^[4] These may have been Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus.^[3] Otherwise, both of these sons probably died young.^[4]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Ptolemy IX Lathyros

16. Ptolemy III

8. Ptolemy IV

17. Berenice II

4. Ptolemy V

18. =16. Ptolemy III

9. Arsinoe III

19. =17. Berenice II

2. Ptolemy VIII

20. Seleucus II

10. Antiochus III the Great

21. Laodice II

5. Cleopatra I

22. Mithridates II of Pontus

11. Laodice III

23. Laodice (wife of Mithridates II of Pontus) (Sister of No. 20)

1. Ptolemy IX

24. =8. Ptolemy IV

12. =4. Ptolemy V

25. =9. Arsinoe III

6. Ptolemy VI

26. =10. Antiochus III the Great

13. =5. Cleopatra I

27. =11. Laodice III

3. Cleopatra III

28. =8/24. Ptolemy IV

14. =4/12. Ptolemy V

29. =9/25. Arsinoe III

7. Cleopatra II

30. =10/26. Antiochus III the Great

15. =5/13. Cleopatra I

31. =11/27. Laodice III

Notes

↑ Numbering the Ptolemies is a modern convention. Older sources may give a number one higher or lower. The most reliable way of determining which Ptolemy is being referred to in any given case is by epithet (e.g. "Philopator").
↑ All male Ptolemaic rulers were titled Ptolemy in honor of their great Macedonian ancestor, Ptolemy I Soter, with Ptolemy IX also taking the same title Soter as the original Ptolemy. In older references and in more recent references by the German historian Huss, Ptolemy IX Soter II may be numbered VIII.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Ptolemy Soter II and Ptolemy Alexander I at LacusCurtius — (Chapter XI of E. R Bevan's House of Ptolemy, 1923)
↑ Ptolemy IX by Chris Bennett.
1 2 3 Cleopatra IV by Chris Bennett.
1 2 3 4 5 Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros) by Tour Egypt.
↑ Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros) by Livius.org.
1 2 3 4 Berenice III, Ptolemy XI, Ptolemy XII at LacusCurtius — (Chapter XII of E. R Bevan's House of Ptolemy, 1923)
↑ Werner Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit (Egypt in Hellenistic times). C. H. Beck, Munich 2001, p. 674-675

External links

Ptolemy IX Lathyrus entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
Ptolemy IX (Soter) at Thebes by Robert Ritner

Regnal titles
Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemaic dynasty Born: c. 143 – 142 BC Died: 81 BC
Preceded by Ptolemy VIII	Pharaoh of Egypt 116 BC–107 BC with Cleopatra III and Cleopatra IV	Succeeded by Cleopatra III Ptolemy X
Preceded by Berenice III Ptolemy X	Pharaoh of Egypt 88 BC–81 BC	Succeeded by Berenice III

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Numbering the Ptolemies is a modern convention. Older sources may give a number one higher or lower. The most reliable way of determining which Ptolemy is being referred to in any given case is by epithet (e.g. "Philopator").

[2] All male Ptolemaic rulers were titled Ptolemy in honor of their great Macedonian ancestor, Ptolemy I Soter, with Ptolemy IX also taking the same title Soter as the original Ptolemy. In older references and in more recent references by the German historian Huss, Ptolemy IX Soter II may be numbered VIII.

[Ptolemy-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ptolemy Soter II and Ptolemy Alexander I at LacusCurtius — (Chapter XI of E. R Bevan's House of Ptolemy, 1923)

[PtolemyIX-4] Ptolemy IX by Chris Bennett.

[CleopatraIV-5] 1 2 3 Cleopatra IV by Chris Bennett.

[TourEgypt-6] 1 2 3 4 5 Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros) by Tour Egypt.

[Livius-7] Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros) by Livius.org.

[Berenice-8] 1 2 3 4 Berenice III, Ptolemy XI, Ptolemy XII at LacusCurtius — (Chapter XII of E. R Bevan's House of Ptolemy, 1923)

[9] Werner Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit (Egypt in Hellenistic times). C. H. Beck, Munich 2001, p. 674-675

Hellenistic rulers
Argeads	Philip II Alexander III the Great Philip III Arrhidaeus Alexander IV
Antigonids	Antigonus I Monophthalmus Demetrius I Poliorcetes Antigonus II Gonatas Demetrius II Aetolicus Antigonus III Doson Philip V Perseus Philip VI (pretender)
Ptolemies	Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra (regent) Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra VI Tryphaena Berenice IV Epiphanea Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XV Caesarion
Kings of Cyrene	Magas Demetrius the Fair Ptolemy VIII Physcon Ptolemy Apion
Seleucids	Seleucus I Nicator Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II Theos Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Ceraunus Antiochus III the Great Seleucus IV Philopator Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Alexander I Balas Demetrius II Nicator Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus
Lysimachids	Lysimachus Ptolemy Epigonos
Antipatrids	Cassander Philip IV Alexander V Antipater II Antipater Etesias Sosthenes
Attalids	Philetaerus Eumenes I Attalus I Eumenes II Attalus II Attalus III Eumenes III
Greco-Bactrians	Diodotus I Diodotus II Euthydemus I Demetrius I Euthydemus II Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Demetrius II Eucratides I Plato Eucratides II Heliocles I
Indo-Greeks	Demetrius I Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Apollodotus I Demetrius II Antimachus II Menander I Zoilos I Agathokleia Lysias Strato I Antialcidas Heliokles II Polyxenos Demetrius III Philoxenus Diomedes Amyntas Epander Theophilos Peukolaos Thraso Nicias Menander II Artemidoros Hermaeus Archebius Telephos Apollodotus II Hippostratos Dionysios Zoilos II Apollophanes Strato II Strato III
Kings of Bithynia	Boteiras Bas Zipoetes I Nicomedes I Zipoetes II Etazeta (regent) Ziaelas Prusias I Prusias II Nicomedes II Nicomedes III Nicomedes IV Socrates Chrestus
Kings of Pontus	Mithridates I Ctistes Ariobarzanes Mithridates II Mithridates III Pharnaces I Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos Mithridates V Euergetes Mithridates VI Eupator Pharnaces II Darius Arsaces Polemon I Pythodorida Polemon II
Kings of Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiochus I Mithridates II Antiochus II Mithridates III Antiochus III Antiochus IV
Kings of Cappadocia	Ariarathes I Ariarathes II Ariamnes II Ariarathes III Ariarathes IV Ariarathes V Orophernes Ariarathes VI Ariarathes VII Ariarathes VIII Ariarathes IX Ariobarzanes I Ariobarzanes II Ariobarzanes III Ariarathes X Archelaus
Kings of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Paerisades I Satyros II Prytanis Eumelos Spartokos III Hygiainon (regent) Paerisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V Paerisades III Paerisades IV Paerisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander with Dynamis Mithridates II Asander with Dynamis Scribonius’ attempted rule with Dynamis Dynamis with Polemon Polemon with Pythodorida Aspurgus Mithridates III with Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I