Cleopatra IV of Egypt

Cleopatra IV
Queen of Egypt
Reign 116–115 BC
Coronation 116 BC
Predecessor Ptolemy VIII
Cleopatra III
Successor Ptolemy IX
Cleopatra III
Co-rulers Ptolemy IX
Cleopatra III
Seleucid Queen (Queen Consort of Syria)
Tenure 114–112 BC (in opposition to queen consort Tryphaena)
Coronation 114 BC
Predecessor Tryphaena
Successor Cleopatra Selene
Born c. 138 – 135 BC
Died 112 BC (aged 22–26)
Spouse
  • Ptolemy IX (c. 119/118 BC–c. 115 BC)
  • Antiochus IX (married c. 115–12 BC)
Issue
Dynasty Ptolemaic
Father Ptolemy VIII
Mother Cleopatra III

Cleopatra IV (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα) was Queen of Egypt briefly from 116 to 115 BC, jointly with her husband Ptolemy IX Lathyros. She later became queen consort of Syria as the wife of Antiochus IX Cyzicenus.[1][2]

Biography

Queen of Egypt

Cleopatra IV was the daughter of Ptolemy VIII Physcon and Cleopatra III of Egypt. She was born between 138 and 135 BC. She was the sister of Ptolemy IX, Ptolemy X, Cleopatra Selene I and Tryphaena.

Cleopatra IV married her brother Ptolemy IX when he was still a prince in c. 119/118 BC. Cleopatra IV may be the mother of Ptolemy XII Auletes and Ptolemy of Cyprus, although an unnamed concubine could be the mother of these two men as well.[1]

In c. 115 BC Cleopatra III forced Cleopatra IV and Ptolemy IX to divorce. She replaced Cleopatra IV with her sister Cleopatra Selene.[3]

Queen of Syria and death

After her forced divorce, Cleopatra IV fled Egypt and went to Cyprus, where she married Antiochus IX Cyzicenus and brought him the army of his half brother Seleucid King Antiochus VIII Grypus of Syria, which she had convinced to follow her. Grypus fought Cyzicenus and eventually chased him to Antioch. Grypus was married to Cleopatra IV's sister Tryphaena. Tryphaena decided that Cleopatra IV should die and over the protests of her husband summoned some soldiers and had Cleopatra IV murdered in the sanctuary of Daphne in Antioch.[2][4]

In his comprehensive website about Ptolemaic genealogy, Christopher Bennett also notes the possibility that Cleopatra IV, from her brief marriage to Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, may have been the mother of the later Seleucid monarch, Antiochus X Eusebes ("the Pious").[5] Antiochus X would go on to marry Cleopatra IV's younger sister, Cleopatra Selene, thus making him the spouse of a woman who was his stepmother (Selene married both of her sisters' widowers, Grypus and Cyzicenus, before marrying Eusebes) and perhaps his maternal aunt.

Ancestry

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Cleopatra IV by Chris Bennett.
  2. 1 2 Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004
  3. ↑ Justin 39, 3, 2.
  4. ↑ Justin 39, 3, 3-11.
  5. ↑ http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/cleopatra_iv_fr.htm
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004
Cleopatra IV of Egypt
Born: c. 138 – 135 BC Died: 112 BC
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III		 Ptolemaic Queen of Egypt
116–115 BC
with Ptolemy IX and Cleopatra III		 Succeeded by
Ptolemy IX and Cleopatra III
Preceded by
Tryphaena		 Seleucid Queen (Queen Consort of Syria)
114–112 BC
with Tryphaena		 Succeeded by
Tryphaena
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