Protista taxonomy

Kingdoms animal, plant and fungi are in bold. Protists are a large and diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms which belong to the kingdom Protista.

Phylum Amoebozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998

Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1981

Holozoa
Holomycota

Kingdom Archaeplastida (Primoplantae) Sina Adl, 2005

Division Glaucophyta Heinrich L. Skuja, 1954
Division Rhodophyta Wettstein, 1922
Subkingdom Plant

Kingdom Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981

Subkingdom SAR Cavalier-Smith, 2010

Infrakingdom Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith, 2002

Phylum Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998
Phylum Retaria Cavalier-Smith, 2002
  • Subphylum Foraminifera (Granuloreticulosa) d'Orbigny, 1826
    • Class Athalamea
      • Family Reticulomyxidae
    • Class Polythalamea
      • Order †Fusulinida
        • Superfamily †Archaediscacea Cushman, 1928
          • Family †Archaediscidae Cushman, 1928
          • Family †Lasiodiscidae Reytlinger, 1956
        • Superfamily †Colaniellacea Fursenko, 1959
          • Family †Colaniellidae Fursenko, 1959
        • Superfamily †Earlandiacea Cummings, 1955
          • Family †Earlandiidae Cummings, 1955
          • Family †Pseudoammodiscidae Conil & Lys, 1970
          • Family †Pseudolituotubidae Conil & Longerstaey, 1980
        • Superfamily †Endothyracea
          • Family †Endothyridae
        • Superfamily †Fusulinacea Leoblich & Tappan, 1988
        • Superfamily †Geinitzinacea
        • Superfamily †Moravamminacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1988
          • Family †Caligellidae
          • Family †Moravamminidae
          • Family †Paratickenellidae
        • Superfamily †Nodosinellacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1988
          • Family †Earlandinitidae
          • Family †Nodosinellidae
        • Superfamily †Palaeotextulariacea Galloway, 1933
          • Family †Biseriamminidae Chernysheva, 1941
          • Family †Palaeotextulariidae Galloway, 1933
          • Family †Semitextulariidae Pokorný, 1956
        • Superfamily †Parathuramminacea E.V. Bykova, 1955
          • Family †Archaesphaeridae Malakhova, 1956
          • Family †Auroriidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
          • Family †Chrysothuramminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
          • Family †Eovolutinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
          • Family †Ivanovellidae Chuvashov & Yuferev, 1984
          • Family †Marginaridae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
          • Family †Parathuramminidae E.V. Bykova, 1955
          • Family †Tuberitinidae A.D. Miklukho-Maklay, 1958
          • Family †Uralinellidae Chuvashov, Yuferev & Zadorozhnyy, 1984
          • Family †Usloniidae A.D. Miklukho-Maklay, 1963
        • Superfamily †Ptychocladiacea Elias, 1950
          • Family †Ptychocladiidae Elias, 1950
        • Superfamily †Tetrataxacea Galloway, 1933
          • Family †Abadehellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family †Pseudotaxidae Mamet, 1974
          • Family †Tetrataxidae Galloway, 1933
          • Family †Valvulinellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
        • Superfamily †Tournayellacea Dain, 1953
          • Family †Palaeospiroplectamminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family †Tournayellidae Dain, 1953
      • Order †Involutinida
      • Order Allogromiida
        • Family Allogromiidae
        • Family Hospitellidae
        • Family Lagynidae
        • Family Maylisoriidae
        • Family Phthanotrochidae
      • Order Carterinida
      • Order Globigerinida Delage & Hérouard, 1896
        • Superfamily †Globotruncanacea Brotzen, 1942
          • Family †Globotruncanidae Brotzen, 1942
          • Family †Rugoglobigerinidae Subbotina, 1959
        • Superfamily †Hantkeninacea Cushman, 1927
          • Family †Cassigerinellidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
          • Family †Globanomalinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family †Hantkeninidae Cushman, 1927
        • Superfamily †Planomalinacea Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
          • Family †Globigerinelloididae Longoria, 1974
          • Family †Planomalinidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
          • Family †Schackoinidae Pokorný, 1958
        • Superfamily †Rotaliporacea Sigal, 1958
          • Family †Favusellidae Longoria, 1974
          • Family †Globuligerinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family †Hedbergellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
          • Family †Rotaliporidae Sigal, 1958
        • Superfamily Globigerinacea Carpenter, Parker & Jones, 1862
          • Family Globigerinidae Carpenter, Parker & Jones, 1862
          • Family Hastigerinidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
        • Superfamily Globorotaliacea Cushman, 1927
          • Family †Catapsydracidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
          • Family †Eoglobigerinidae Blow, 1979
          • Family †Truncorotaloididae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
          • Family Candeinidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Globorotaliidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Pulleniatinidae Cushman, 1927
        • Superfamily Heterohelicacea Cushman, 1927
          • Family †Heterohelicidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Chiloguembelinidae Reiss, 1963
          • Family Guembelitriidae Montanaro Gallitelli, 1957
      • Order Lagenida
        • Superfamily Nodosariacea
          • Family Nodosariidae
          • Family Ellipsolagenidae
          • Family Glandulinidae
          • Family Lagenidae
          • Family Polymorphinidae
          • Family Vaginulinidae
        • Superfamily Robuloidacea
          • Family Robuloididae
          • Family Ichthyolariidae
          • Family Partisaniidae
          • Family Syzraniidae
      • Order Lituolida
        • Superfamily Ammodiscoidea
          • Family Ammodiscidae
        • Superfamily Ataxophragmioidea
          • Family †Ataxophragmiidae
          • Family †Cuneolinidae
          • Family Globotextulariidae
          • Family Textulariellidae
        • Superfamily Haplophragmioidea
          • Family Ammobaculinidae
          • Family Ammosphaeroidinidae
          • Family Discamminidae
          • Family Haplophragmoididae
        • Superfamily Hormosinelloidea
          • Family Ammolagenidae
          • Family Hormosinellidae
        • Superfamily Hormosinoidea
          • Family Aschemocellidae
          • Family Dusenburyinidae
          • Family Hormosinidae
          • Family Sphaeramminidae
          • Family Telamminidae
        • Superfamily Lituoloidea
          • Family Lituolidae
          • Family Placopsilinidae
        • Superfamily Lituotuboidea
          • Family Lituotubidae
          • Family Trochamminoidae
        • Superfamily Loftusioidea
        • Superfamily Orbitolinoidea
          • Family Orbitolinidae
        • Superfamily Rzehakinoidea
        • Superfamily Spiroplectamminoidea
          • Family Duquepsammiidae
          • Family Nouriidae
          • Family Pseudobolivinidae
          • Family Spiroplectamminidae
          • Family Textulariopsidae
        • Superfamily Verneuilinoidea
          • Family Prolixoplectidae
          • Family Reophacellidae
          • Family Tritaxiidae
          • Family Verneuilinidae
      • Order Miliolida
        • Superfamily Cornuspiracea Schultze, 1854
          • Family †Baisalinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
          • Family Cornuspiridae Schultze, 1854
          • Family Discospirinidae Wiesner, 1931
          • Family Fischerinidae Millett, 1898
          • Family Hemigordiopsidae A. Nikitina, 1969
          • Family Nubeculariidae Jones, 1875
          • Family Ophthalmidiidae Wiesner, 1920
        • Superfamily Miliolacea
        • Superfamily Soritacea Ehrenberg, 1839
        • Superfamily Squamulinacea Reuss & Fritsch, 1861
          • Family Squamulinidae Reuss & Fritsch, 1861
      • Order Robertinida Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
        • Superfamily †Conorboiodacea Thalmann, 1952
          • Family †Conorboididae Thalmann, 1952
        • Superfamily †Duostominacea Brotzen, 1963
          • Family †Asymmetrinidae Brotzen, 1964
          • Family †Duostominidae Brotzen, 1963
          • Family †Oberhauserellidae Fuchs, 1970
        • Superfamily Ceratobuliminacea Cushman, 1927
          • Family Ceratobuliminidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Epistominidae Wedekind, 1937
        • Superfamily Robertinacea Reuss, 1850
          • Family Robertinidae Reuss, 1850
      • Order Rotaliida Delage & Hérouard, 1896
        • Superfamily †Eouvigerinacea Cushman, 1927
          • Family †Eouvigerinidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family †Lacosteinidae Sigal, 1952
        • Superfamily †Orbitoidacea Schwager, 1876
          • Family †Lepidorbitoididae Vaughan, 1933
          • Family †Linderinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family †Orbitoididae Schwager, 1876
        • Superfamily Acervulinacea Schultze, 1854
          • Family Acervulinidae Schultze, 1854
          • Family Homotrematidae Cushman, 1927
        • Superfamily Annulopatellinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family Annulopatellinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1965
        • Superfamily Asterigerinacea d'Orbigny, 1839
          • Family †Boreloididae Reiss, 1963
          • Family †Lepidocyclinidae Scheffen, 1932
          • Family Alfredinidae S.N. Singh & Kalia, 1972
          • Family Amphisteginidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Asterigerinatidae Reiss, 1963
          • Family Asterigerinidae d'Orbigny, 1839
          • Family Epistomariidae Hofker, 1954
        • Superfamily Bolivinacea Glaessner, 1937
          • Family †Bolivinoididae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family Bolivinidae Glaessner, 1937
        • Superfamily Bolivinitacea Cushman, 1927
          • Family Bolivinitidae Cushman, 1927
        • Superfamily Buliminacea Jones, 1875
          • Family Buliminellidae Hofker, 1951
          • Family Buliminidae Jones, 1875
          • Family Millettiidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Pavoninidae Eimer & Fickert, 1899
          • Family Reussellidae Cushman, 1933
          • Family Siphogenerinoididae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Trimosinidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Uvigerinidae Haeckel, 1894
        • Superfamily Cassidulinacea d'Orbigny, 1839
          • Family †Cassidulinidae d'Orbigny, 1839
          • Family Cassidulinitidae Saidova, 1981
        • Superfamily Chilostomellacea Brady, 1881
          • Family †Coleitidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family †Globorotalitidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family Alabaminidae Hofker, 1951
          • Family Chilostomellidae Brady, 1881
          • Family Gavelinellidae Hofker, 1956
          • Family Heterolepidae González-Donoso, 1969
          • Family Karreriidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Oridorsalidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family Osangulariidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family Quadrimorphinidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Trichohyalidae Saidova, 1981
        • Superfamily Delosinacea Parr, 1950
          • Family †Tremachoridae Lipps & K.L. Lipps, 1967
          • Family Caucasinidae Parr, 1950
          • Family Delosinidae Parr, 1950
        • Superfamily Discorbacea Ehrenberg, 1838
          • Family †Conorbinidae Reiss, 1963
          • Family Bagginidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Bueningiidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Eponididae Hofker, 1951
          • Family Heleninidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1988
          • Family Mississippinidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Pannellainidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1967
          • Family Pegidiidae Heron-Allen & Earland, 1928
          • Family Placentulinidae G.K. Kasimova, Poroshina & Geodakchan, 1980
          • Family Rosalinidae Reiss, 1963
          • Family Rotaliellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family Sphaeroidinidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Ungulatellidae Seiglie, 1964
        • Superfamily Discorbinellacea Sigal, 1952
          • Family Parrelloididae Hofker, 1956
          • Family Planulinoididae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Pseudoparrellidae Voloshinova, 1952
        • Superfamily Fursenkoinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
          • Family Fursenkoinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1962
          • Family Virgulinellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
        • Superfamily Glabratellacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family Buliminoididae Seiglie, 1970
          • Family Glabratellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family Heronalleniidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
        • Superfamily Loxostomatacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1962
          • Family †Loxostomatidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1962
          • Family Bolivinellidae Hayward, 1980
          • Family Tortoplectellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
        • Superfamily Nonionacea Schultze, 1854
          • Family Almaenidae Myatlyuk, 1959
          • Family Nonionidae Schultze, 1854
          • Family Spirotectinidae Saidova, 1981
        • Superfamily Nummulitacea de Blainville, 1827
          • Family †Asterocyclinidae Brönnimann, 1951
          • Family †Discocyclinidae Galloway, 1928
          • Family †Pellatispiridae Hanzawa, 1937
          • Family Nummulitidae de Blainville, 1827
        • Superfamily Planorbulinacea Schwager, 1877
          • Family Bisacciidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1988
          • Family Cibicididae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Cymbaloporidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Planorbulinidae Schwager, 1877
          • Family Planulinidae Bermúdez, 1952
          • Family Victoriellidae Chapman & Crespin, 1930
        • Superfamily Pleurostomellacea Reuss, 1860
          • Family Pleurostomellidae Reuss, 1860
        • Superfamily Rotaliacea Ehrenberg, 1839
          • Family †Chapmaninidae Thalmann, 1938
          • Family †Miogypsinidae Vaughan, 1928
          • Family †Pseudorbitoididae M.G. Rutten, 1935
          • Family Calcarinidae Schwager, 1876
          • Family Elphidiidae Galloway, 1933
          • Family Rotaliidae Ehrenberg, 1839
        • Superfamily Siphoninacea Cushman, 1927
          • Family Siphoninidae Cushman, 1927
        • Superfamily Stilostomellacea Finlay, 1947
          • Family Stilostomellidae Finlay, 1947
        • Superfamily Turrilinacea Cushman, 1927
          • Family †Turrilinidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Stainforthiidae Reiss, 1963
          • Family Tosaiidae Saidova, 1981
      • Order Silicoloculinida
      • Order Spirillinida
        • Family Patellinidae
        • Family Spirillinidae
      • Order Textulariida Delage & Herouard, 1896
        • Superfamily †Orbitolinacea Martin, 1890
          • Family †Orbitolinidae Martin, 1890
        • Superfamily †Pavonitinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
          • Family †Marieitidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
        • Superfamily †Biokovinacea Gusiæ, 1977
          • Family †Biokovinidae Gusiæ, 1977
          • Family †Charentiidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family †Lituoliporidae Gusiæ & Veliæ, 1978
        • Superfamily †Cyclolinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family †Cyclolinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family †Orbitopsellidae Hottinger & Caus, 1982
        • Superfamily Ataxophragmiacea Schwager, 1877
          • Family †Ataxophragmiidae Schwager, 1877
          • Family †Coskinolinidae Moullade, 1965
          • Family †Cuneolinidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family †Dictyopsellidae Bröniman, Zaninetti & Whittaker, 1983
          • Family †Dicyclinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family †Pfenderinidae Smout & Smugden, 1962
          • Family Globotextulariidae Cushman, 1927
          • Family Textulariellidae Grönhagen & Luterbacher, 1966
        • Superfamily Coscinophragmatacea Thalmann, 1951
          • Family Coscinophragmatidae Thalmann, 1951
          • Family Haddoniidae Saidova, 1981
        • Superfamily Haplophragmiacea Eimer & Fickert, 1899
          • Family †Barkerinidae Smout, 1956
          • Family †Haplophragmiidae Eimer & Fickert, 1899
          • Family †Labyrinthidomatidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1987
          • Family †Nezzazatidae Hamaoui & Saint-Marc, 1970
          • Family Acupeinidae Brnimann & Zaninetti, 1984
          • Family Ammobaculinidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Ammosphaeroidinidae Cushman, 1927
        • Superfamily Hormosinacea Haeckel, 1894
          • Family †Cribratinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family Ascheomocellidae Vyalov, 1966
          • Family Dusenburyinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family Hormosinidae Haeckel, 1894
          • Family Telamminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
          • Family Thomasinellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
        • Superfamily Lituolacea de Blainville, 1827
          • Family †Mayncinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
          • Family †Nautiloculinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
          • Family †Oxinoxisidae Vyalov, 1968
          • Family Discamminidae Mikhalevich, 1980
          • Family Haplophragmoididae Maync, 1952
          • Family Lituolidae de Blainville, 1827
          • Family Lituotubidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
          • Family Placopsilinidae Rhumbler, 1913
          • Family Sphaeramminidae Cushman, 1933
        • Superfamily Loftusiacea Brady, 1884
          • Family †Ecougellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
          • Family †Hottingeritidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
          • Family †Loftusiidae Brady, 1884
          • Family †Mesoendothyridae Voloshinova, 1958
          • Family †Spirocyclinidae Munier-Chalmas, 1887
          • Family Cyclamminidae Marie, 1941
        • Superfamily Rzehakinacea Cushman, 1933
        • Superfamily Spiroplectamminacea Cushman, 1927
          • Family †Plectrorecurvoididae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family †Textulariopsidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1982
          • Family Nouriidae Chapman & Parr, 1936
          • Family Pseudobolivinidae Wiesner, 1931
          • Family Spiroplectamminidae Cushman, 1927
        • Superfamily Textulariacea Ehrenberg, 1838
          • Family †Chrysalidinidae Neagu, 1968
          • Family †Valvulamminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
          • Family Eggerellidae Cushman, 1937
          • Family Glaucoamminidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family Pseudogaudryinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
          • Family Textulariidae Ehrenberg, 1838
          • Family Valvulinidae Berthelin, 1880
        • Superfamily Trochamminacea Schwager, 1877
          • Family Remaneicidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
          • Family Trochamminidae Schwager, 1877
        • Superfamily Verneuilinacea Cushman, 1911
          • Family †Conorbinellidae Brönnimann, Zaninetti & Whittaker, 1983
          • Family †Conotrochamminidae Saidova, 1981
          • Family †Tritaxiidae Plotnikova, 1979
          • Family Prolixoplectidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
          • Family Verneuilinidae Cushman, 1911
    • Class Schizocladea
      • Family Schizocladidae
    • Class Xenophyophorea
      • Order Psamminida
        • Family Cerelasmidae
        • Family Psammettidae
        • Family Psamminidae
        • Family Syringamminidae
      • Order Stannomida
        • Family Pelosinidae
        • Family Stannomidae
  • Subphylum Radiozoa
    • Superclass Spasmaria
      • Class Acantharea Haeckel, 1881
        • Order Arthracanthida
          • Suborder Phyllacanthina
            • Family Dictyacanthidae
            • Family Phyllostauridae
            • Family Stauracanthidae
          • Suborder Sphaenacanthina
            • Family Acanthometridae
            • Family Aspidommatidae
            • Family Diploconidae
            • Family Dorataspididae
            • Family Hexalaspididae
            • Family Lithopteridae
            • Family Nivaliidae
        • Order Chaunacanthida
          • Family Conacontidae
          • Family Gigartacontidae
          • Family Stauracontidae
        • Order Holacanthida
          • Family Acanthochiasmatidae
          • Family Acanthoplegmatidae
          • Family Chiastolidae
        • Order Symphyacanthida
          • Family Amphilithiidae
          • Family Astrolithiidae
          • Family Pseudolithiidae
    • Superclass Radiolaria Müller, 1858
      • Class Polycystinea
        • Order Albaillellaria Deflandre, 1953
          • Family Albaillellidae
          • Family Ceratoikiscidae
          • Family Corythoecidae
          • Family Follicucullidae
          • Family Palacantholithidae
        • Order Archaeospicularia Dumitrica, 2000
          • Superfamily Echidninacea
            • Family Echidninidae
          • Superfamily Secuicollactacea Nazarov & Ormiston, 1984
            • Family Secuicollactidae
            • Family Pseudorotasphaeridae
        • Order Collodaria Haeckel 1881
          • Family Collosphaeridae
          • Family Sphaerozoidae
          • Family Thalassosphaeridae
        • Order Entactinaria Kozur & Mostler, 1982
          • Family Capnuchosphaeridae
          • Family Entactiniidae
          • Family Eptingiidae
          • Family Heptacladidae
          • Family Hexalonchidae
          • Family Hexastylidae
          • Family Hindeosphaeridae
          • Family Inaniguttidae
          • Family Kungalariidae
          • Family Multiarcusellidae
          • Family Palaeolithocycliidae
          • Family Palaeoscenidiidae
          • Family Polyentactiniidae
          • Family Proventocitidae
          • Family Pylentonemidae
          • Family Quinquecapsulariidae
          • Family Rhizosphaeridae
          • Family Saturnalidae
          • Family Spongentactiniidae
          • Family Spongosaturnaloididae
          • Family Thalassothamnidae
        • Order Latentifistularia Caridroit, 1999
          • Family Cauletellidae
          • Family Latentifistulidae
          • Family Ormistonellidae
        • Order Nassellaria
          • Superfamily Acanthodesmiacea
            • Family Acanthodesmiidae
            • Family Artostrobiidae
            • Family Bulbocyrtiidae
            • Family Cannobotryidae
            • Family Carpocaniidae
            • Family Cuniculiformidae
            • Family Monicastericidae
            • Family Planispinocyrtiidae
            • Family Pterocorythidae
            • Family Rotaformidae
            • Family Sethophormididae
            • Family Spongolophophenidae
            • Family Spongosilicarmigeridae
            • Family Stephaniidae
            • Family Theopiliidae
            • Family Triospyridae
          • Superfamily Amphipyndacea
            • Family Amphipyndacidae
            • Family Canoptidae
            • Family Parvicingulidae
            • Family Spongocapsulidae
            • Family Syringocapsidae
          • Superfamily Archaeodictyomitracea
            • Family Archaeodictyomitridae
            • Family Hsuidae
            • Family Unumidae
          • Superfamily Eucyrtidiacea
            • Family Bekomidae
            • Family Eucyrtidiidae
            • Family Eucyrtiidae
            • Family Lophocyrtiidae
            • Family Obeliscoitidae
            • Family Pseudodictyomitridae
            • Family Theocotylidae
            • Family Xitidae
        • Order Spumellaria Ehrenberg, 1875
          • Family Actinommidae
          • Family Anakrusidae
          • Family Angulobracchiidae
          • Family Archaeospongoprunidae
          • Family Astrosphaeridae
          • Family Bolenidae
          • Family Catenopylidae
          • Family Cavaspongiidae
          • Family Coccodiscidae
          • Family Conocaryommidae
          • Family Dactyliosphaeridae
          • Family Emiluviidae
          • Family Entapiidae
          • Family Ethmosphaeridae
          • Family Gomberellidae
          • Family Hagiastridae
          • Family Heliodiscidae
          • Family Hexaporobrachiidae
          • Family Larnacillidae
          • Family Leugeonidae
          • Family Litheliidae
          • Family Miropylidae
          • Family Myelastridae
          • Family Oertlispongidae
          • Family Orbiculiformidae
          • Family Pantanelliidae
          • Family Parasaturnalidae
          • Family Parvivaccidae
          • Family Patulibracchiidae
          • Family Patruliidae
          • Family Phacodiscidae
          • Family Phaseliformidae
          • Family Praeconocaryommidae
          • Family Pseudoacanthocircidae
          • Family Pseudoaulophacidae
          • Family Pyloniidae
          • Family Pyramispongiidae
          • Family Relindellidae
          • Family Spongodiscidae
          • Family Sponguridae
          • Family Stylosphaeridae
          • Family Thalassicollidae
          • Family Tholoniidae
          • Family Tritrabidae
          • Family Veghicycliidae
          • Family Xiphostylidae

Clade Halvaria

Infrakingdom Heterokontophyta (Heterokonta) Cavalier-Smith, 1986
Infrakingdom Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991
Phlyum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901
  • Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
    • Class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859
      • Order Armophorida
        • Family Caenomorphidae
        • Family Metopidae
      • Order Clevelandellida
        • Family Nyctotheridae
      • Order Heterotrichida
      • Order Licnophorida
        • Family Licnophoridae
      • Order Odontostomatida Sawaya, 1940
        • Family Epalxellidae Corliss, 1960
        • Family Discomorphellidae Corliss, 1960
        • Family Mylestomatidae Kahl, Doflein & Reichenow, 1929
      • Order Phacodiniida
        • Family Phacodiniidae
      • Order Plagiotomida
        • Family Plagiotomidae
    • Class Karyorelictea Corliss, 1974
  • Subphylum Intramacronucleata
    • Class Spirotrichea
      • Subclass Choreotrichia
        • Order Tintinnida
          • Family Ascampbelliellidae
          • Family Codonellidae
          • Family Codonellopsidae
          • Family Cyttarocylididae
          • Family Dictyocystidae
          • Family Epiplocylididae
          • Family Metacylididae
          • Family Nolaclusiliidae
          • Family Petalotrichidae
          • Family Ptychocylididae
          • Family Rhabdonellidae
          • Family Tintinnidae
          • Family Tintinnidiidae
          • Family Undellidae
          • Family Xystonellidae
      • Subclass Hypotrichia
        • Order Euplotida
          • Suborder Discocephalina
            • Family Discocephalidae
          • Suborder Euplotina
            • Family Aspidiscidae
            • Family Certesiidae
            • Family Euplotidae
            • Family Gastrocirrhidae
            • Family Uronychiidae
        • Order Kiitrichida
          • Family Kiitrichidae
      • Subclass Stichotrichia
    • Class Litostomatea
      • Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974
        • Order Cyclotrichiida
          • Family Mesodiniidae
        • Order Haptorida
          • Family Acropisthiidae
          • Family Didiniidae
          • Family Enchelyidae
          • Family Helicoprorodontidae
          • Family Homalozoonidae
          • Family Lacrymariidae
          • Family Pseudotrachelocercidae
          • Family Spathidiidae
          • Family Tracheliidae
          • Family Trachelophyllidae
        • Order Pleurostomatida
          • Family Amphileptidae
          • Family Litonotidae
      • Subclass Trichostomatia
        • Order Entodiniomorphida
          • Suborder Archistomatina de Puytorac, 1974
            • Family Buetschliidae Poche, 1913
          • Suborder Blepharocorythina Wolska, 1971
            • Family Blepharocorythidae Hsiung, 1930
          • Suborder Entodiniomorphina Reichenow, Doflein & Reichenow, 1929
            • Family Cycloposthiidae Poche, 1913
            • Family Ophryoscolecidae Stein, 1859
            • Family Spirodiniidae Strelkow, 1939
            • Family Troglodytellidae Corliss, 1979
        • Order Vestibuliferida
    • Class Phyllopharyngea
      • Subclass Chonotrichia
        • Order Cryptogemmida
          • Family Actinichonidae
          • Family Echinichonidae
          • Family Inversochonidae
          • Family Isochonidae
          • Family Isochonopsidae
          • Family Stylochonidae
        • Order Exogemmida
          • Family Chilodochonidae
          • Family Filichonidae
          • Family Heliochonidae
          • Family Lobochonidae
          • Family Phyllochonidae
          • Family Spirochonidae
      • Subclass Phyllopharyngia
        • Order Chlamydodontida
          • Family Chilodonellidae
          • Family Chitonellidae
          • Family Chlamydodontidae
          • Family Kryoprorodontidae
          • Family Lynchellidae
        • Order Dysteriida
          • Family Dysteriidae
          • Family Hartmannulidae
          • Family Kyaroikeidae
          • Family Plesiotrichopidae
      • Subclass Suctoria
        • Order Endogenida
          • Family Acinetidae
          • Family Acinetopsidae
          • Family Corynophryidae
          • Family Dendrosomatidae
          • Family Enchelyomorphidae
          • Family Endosphaeridae
          • Family Pseudogemmidae
          • Family Tokophryidae
          • Family Trichophryidae
        • Order Evaginogenida
          • Family Discophryidae
          • Family Rhynchophryidae
        • Order Exogenida
          • Family Dendrosomididae
          • Family Dentacinetidae
          • Family Ephelotidae
          • Family Lecanophryidae
          • Family Manuelophryidae
          • Family Metacinetidae
          • Family Ophryodendridae
          • Family Paracinetidae
          • Family Phalacrocleptidae
          • Family Podophryidae
          • Family Praethecacinetidae
          • Family Rhabdophryidae
          • Family Severonidae
          • Family Spelaeophryidae
          • Family Tachyblastonidae
          • Family Thecacinetidae
    • Class Colpodea
      • Order Colpodida
        • Family Colpodidae
    • Class Nassophorea
      • Order Nassulida
        • Family Nassulidae
        • Family Paranassulidae
      • Order Microthoracida
        • Family Discotrichidae
        • Family Leptopharyngidae
        • Family Microthoracidae
      • Order Synhymeniida
        • Family Nassulopsidae
        • Family Orthodonellidae
        • Family Scaphidiodontidae
    • Class Prostomatea
      • Order Prostomatida
        • Family Metacystidae
      • Order Prorodontida
        • Family Balanionidae
        • Family Colepidae
        • Family Holophryidae
        • Family Placidae
        • Family Plagiocampidae
        • Family Prorodontidae
        • Family Urotrichidae
    • Class Plagiopylea
      • Order Plagiopylida Small & Lynn, 1985
        • Family Plagiopylidae
        • Family Sonderidae
    • Class Oligohymenophorea
      • Subclass Peniculia
        • Order Peniculida
          • Suborder Frontoniina
            • Family Clathrostomatidae
            • Family Frontoniidae
            • Family Lembadionidae
            • Family Maritujidae
            • Family Stokesiidae
          • Suborder Parameciina
            • Family Neobursaridiidae
            • Family Parameciidae
            • Family Urocentridae
      • Subclass Hymenostomatia
        • Family Glaucomidae
        • Family Ichthyopthiriidae
        • Family Ophryoglenidae
        • Family Tetrahymenidae Corliss, 1952
        • Family Turaniellidae
      • Subclass Scuticociliatia
        • Order Philasterida
          • Family Cinetochilidae
          • Family Cohnilembidae
          • Family Cryptochilidae
          • Family Entodiscidae
          • Family Entorhipidiidae
          • Family Loxocephalidae
          • Family Orchitophryidae
          • Family Paralembidae
          • Family Parauronematidae
          • Family Philasteridae
          • Family Pseudocohnilembidae
          • Family Schizocaryidae
          • Family Thigmophryidae
          • Family Thyrophylacidae
          • Family Uronematidae
        • Order Pleuronematida
          • Family Calyptotrichidae
          • Family Ctedoctematidae
          • Family Cyclidiidae
          • Family Dragescoidae
          • Family Histiobalantiidae
          • Family Peniculistomatidae
          • Family Pleuronematidae
        • Order Thigmotrichida
          • Family Ancistridae
          • Family Hemispeiridae
          • Family Hysterocinetidae
          • Family Nucleocorbulidae
      • Subclass Astomatia
        • Order Astomatida
          • Family Anoplophryidae
          • Family Archiastomatidae
          • Family Clausilocolidae
          • Family Contophryidae
          • Family Haptophryidae
          • Family Hoplitophryidae
          • Family Intoshellinidae
          • Family Maupasellidae
          • Family Radiophryidae
      • Subclass Apostomatia
      • Subclass Peritrichia
        • Order Mobilida
          • Family Leiotrochidae
          • Family Polycyclidae
          • Family Trichodinidae
          • Family Urceolariidae
        • Order Sessilida
          • Family Ellobiophryidae
          • Family Epistylididae
          • Family Lagenophryidae
          • Family Operculariidae
          • Family Rovinjellidae
          • Family Scyphidiidae
          • Family Vaginicolidae
          • Family Vorticellidae
          • Family Zoothamniidae
Phylum Myzozoa T. Cavalier-Smith & E.E. Chao, 2004

Division Haptophyta (Prymnesiophyta) Hibberd & Cavalier-Smith, 1986

Division Cryptophyta Pascher, 1914

Eozoa Cavalier-Smith, 2003

Phylum Loukozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1999

Phylum Metamonada Grassé 1952

  • Subphylum Anaeromonada
    • Class Anaeromonadea
      • Order Trimastigida
        • Family Trimastigidae
      • Order Oxymonadida
        • Family Oxymonadidae
        • Family Polymastigidae
        • Family Pyrsonymphidae
        • Family Saccinobaculidae
        • Family Streblomastigidae
  • Subphylum Trichozoa
    • Superclass Parabasalia
      • Class Trichomonadea
        • Order Trichomonadida
          • Family Calonymphidae
          • Family Cochlosomatidae
          • Family Devescovinidae
          • Family Monocercomonadidae
          • Family Trichomonadidae
        • Order Lophomonadida
          • Family Deltotrichonymphidae
          • Family Joeniidae
          • Family Kofoidiidae
          • Family Lophomonadidae
          • Family Microjoeniidae
          • Family Rhizonymphidae
        • Order Spirotrichonymphida
          • Family Holomastigotidae
          • Family Holomastigotoididae
          • Family Spirotrichonymphidae
      • Class Trichonymphea
        • Order Trichonymphida
          • Family Eucomonymphidae
          • Family Hoplonymphidae
          • Family Spirotrichosomidae
          • Family Staurojoeninidae
          • Family Teranymphidae
          • Family Trichonymphidae
    • Superclass Carpediemonadia
    • Superclass Eopharyngia
      • Class Trepomonadea
        • Subclass Diplozoa
          • Order Distomatida Klebs, 1892
            • Family Hexamitidae Kent, 1880
          • Order Giardiida Kunstler, 1882
            • Family Giardiidae Cavalier-Smith, 1996
        • Subclass Enteromonadia
          • Order Enteromonadida
            • Family Enteromonadidae Kulda & Nohýnková, 1976
      • Class Retortamonadea

Phylum Percolozoa Cavalier-Smith 1991

Phylum Euglenozoa (Euglenophyta) Cavalier-Smith, 1981[1]

See also

References

  1. T. Cavalier-Smith (1981). "Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine". BioSystems. 14 (3–4): 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.