Premiership of Theresa May

Theresa May in 2017

The premiership of Theresa May began on 13 July 2016, when May accepted Queen Elizabeth II's invitation to form a government. This followed the resignation of May's predecessor as Prime Minister, David Cameron, who resigned in the aftermath of the European Union membership referendum.

Leadership election

In a referendum held on 23 June 2016, Britain voted to withdraw from the European Union, with a result of 52% for withdrawal and 48% for remaining within the union. David Cameron, who as prime minister had campaigned to remain within the European Union, announced on 24 June 2016, immediately following the announcement of the referendum results, that he would resign from his post.[1] Following the first stages of a Conservative Party leadership election, Home Secretary Theresa May's only remaining competitor, Andrea Leadsom, withdrew from the race on 11 July 2016. Following this announcement, David Cameron said that he would step down from his post on 13 July.[1] Cameron formally tendered his resignation to Queen Elizabeth II on that day, who subsequently appointed Theresa May as his successor.[2][3]

Early days

After being appointed by Queen Elizabeth II on 13 July 2016, May became the United Kingdom's second female Prime Minister,[4] after Margaret Thatcher, and the first female UK Prime Minister of the 21st century.[5] May told the media on 11 July 2016 that she was "honoured and humbled" to be the party leader and to become prime minister.[6]

Responding to some calls for a general election (reported by the news media) to confirm her mandate, "sources close to Mrs May" said there would be no such election, according to the BBC.[7] In a speech after her appointment, May emphasised the term Unionist in the name of the Conservative Party, reminding all of "the precious, precious bond between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland."[8] By 15 July 2016, May had travelled to Edinburgh, Scotland to meet with first minister Nicola Sturgeon, to reinforce the bond between Scotland and the rest of the country. "This visit to Scotland is my first as prime minister and I'm coming here to show my commitment to preserving this special union that has endured for centuries," she explained.[9] After the meeting at Bute House, May offered the following comment about Scotland's role in the negotiations about the UK's exit from the EU. "I'm willing to listen to options and I've been very clear with the first minister today that I want the Scottish government to be fully engaged in our discussion."[10]

In August 2016, May launched an investigation aimed at identifying and reducing racism in the public sector.[11]

May triggered Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union to leave the EU in March 2017.[12][13]

As part of the government's plan to curb childhood obesity, May took steps to reduce sugar content of foods though many experts feel that too little is being done.[14] Notably there are widespread calls for curbing advertising of unhealthy foods to children and banning promotions of unhealthy food (such as multipacks and buy one get one free) in supermarkets, restaurants, cafes and take-aways.[15]

Health Service

Consultation will start over cost saving, streamlining and reduction of some services in the National Health Service.[16] Critics fear cuts that could put lives at risk[17] though the review is about more than reducing costs. An article in The Guardian suggests possible benefits from the review but fears secrecy within the NHS is hindering effective public discussion.[18] Liberal Democrat Norman Lamb accepted the review makes sense in principle but stated "While it is important that the NHS becomes more efficient and sustainable for future generations, redesign of care models will only get us so far – and no experts believe the Conservative doctrine that an extra £8bn funding by 2020 will be anywhere near enough."[19]

David Cameron

In September 2016, David Cameron resigned as an MP, saying that he did not want to be a "distraction" for the new PM.[20] Toby Helm wrote in The Observer in September 2016 that May is seen as less right wing than Cameron,[21] but she is also seen as quite right wing by Rebecca Glover in The Independent, especially on immigration.[22]

Grammar schools

In September 2016, May announced that she would end a ban on new grammar schools.[23] A BBC article suggests grammar schools would be dumbed down while other secondary schools in the area would suffer.[24] Jon Coles of United Learning, which runs 60 schools is unconvinced more grammar schools will raise standards.[25] Poor children and children from families that are 'just about managing' tend to miss out on grammar school places.[26] None of the top ten nations with the best education has UK style grammar schools selecting at age 11.[27] The Royal Society commissioned research from the Education Policy Institute which shows disadvantaged pupils do worse overall in science and maths in regions with selective education.[28] A cross party Select Committee of MP's described the issue of grammar school expansion as an unnecessary distraction, cast doubt on the claim grammar schools improve social mobility and many speakers emphasized the need to tackle funding problems effect on the whole of schooling.[29] Following the outcome of the 2017 General Election, May's grammar school policy was not included in the Queen's Speech, and is unlikely to be pursued.[30]

Child poverty

The 'Child Poverty Unit' has been merged with the 'Department of Work and Pensions' leading to fears that child poverty will be less of a priority under May. This runs counter to May's pledge to govern for everyone and fight the injustice of being born poor. In 2014–2015 28% of UK children were poor.[31] The Child Poverty Action Group fears restricting the Child Poverty Unit to one department will reduce its effectiveness. The Institute for Fiscal Studies projects a 50% increase in child poverty by 2020 due to benefit cuts and 'sluggish wages'.[32][33]

Ministerial appointments

May also appointed new Cabinet members, in "one of the most sweeping government reshuffles for decades"[34] described as "a brutal cull" by The Telegraph since several prominent members, including six of Cameron's ministers, were removed from their posts.[35] The early appointments were interpreted both as "centrist and conciliatory," an effort to reunite the party in the wake of the UK's vote to leave the European Union, and as "a shift to the right," according to The Guardian.[36] Robert Peston of ITV News specifically labelled her new Cabinet as right wing.[37]

May abolished the Department for Energy and Climate Change in a move widely criticised by Greenpeace which expressed concern the new government failed to see the threat from climate change, Friends of the Earth which said climate change is happening now while the new government lowers its priority, also by other more impartial people and groups. Climate change is included in the scope of a new Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.[38]

Upon becoming Prime Minister, May appointed former Mayor of London Boris Johnson to Foreign Secretary, former Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Amber Rudd to Home Secretary, and former Shadow Home Secretary David Davis to the newly created office of "Brexit Secretary."[39] Her choice of Boris Johnson for foreign secretary raised eyebrows,[40] and drew some criticism from the press.[41] Liam Fox and Philip Hammond, both of whom had previously served as Secretary of State for Defence (Fox in 2010–11 and Hammond in 2011–14), with Hammond having served as Foreign Secretary in 2014–16, were appointed to the newly created office of International Trade Secretary and Chancellor, respectively.[42][43] Replacing Michael Gove, Elizabeth Truss was made Justice Secretary, the "first female Lord Chancellor in the thousand-year history of the role".[44] Andrea Leadsom, who was energy minister and May's primary competitor for party leader, was made the new Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.[45] However, former Northern Ireland Secretary Theresa Villiers resigned from Cabinet after May offered her a post which was "not one which I felt I could take on".[46]

May jointly appointed Fiona Hill and Nick Timothy on 14 July as her joint Downing Street Chiefs of Staff.[47] Both had been political advisers to her at the Home Office before both working outside the government for a brief period before coming to work on her leadership campaign.[48][49] The three ministers with new roles who will negotiate the UK out of the EU had all espoused the Leave vote: David Davis, Brexit secretary, Liam Fox, overseas trade secretary and Boris Johnson, foreign secretary.[9]

First overseas trips

World map highlighting countries visited by Theresa May during her premiership

On 20 July, May attended her first Prime Minister's Questions since taking office, then afterwards made her first overseas trip as prime minister, visiting Berlin for talks with German Chancellor Angela Merkel. During the visit, May said that she would not trigger Article 50 before 2017, suggesting it would take time for the UK to negotiate a "sensible and orderly departure" from the EU. May also announced that in the wake of the referendum, Britain would relinquish the presidency of the Council of the European Union that the UK had been scheduled to hold in the second half of 2017.[50][51]

On 4 September, May attended the 2016 G20 Hangzhou summit, the first since the UK's withdrawal from the European Union. May sought to use the summit to emphasise her commitment to making the UK a "global leader in free trade" She also faced questions over the decision to delay planned Chinese investment in Hinkley Point C.[52]

On 21 January 2017, following the inauguration of Donald Trump as US President, the White House announced that May would meet the President on 27 January, making her the first foreign leader to meet Trump since he took office on 20 January.[53]

Policies

Foreign policy

The May Ministry delayed the final approval for the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station in July 2016, a project which May had objected to when she was Home Secretary.[54][55] Her political adviser Nick Timothy wrote an article in 2015 to oppose People's Republic of China's involvement in sensitive sectors. He said that the government was "selling our national security to China" without rational concerns and "the Government seems intent on ignoring the evidence and presumably the advice of the security and intelligence agencies."[56]

Politicians and human rights activists have been urging Theresa May's government to vote against Saudi Arabian retention of the membership of the UN Human Rights Council.[57][58] Amnesty International's UK Foreign Policy Programme Director Polly Truscott said: "Rather than turning a blind eye to Saudi Arabia’s continuing bully tactics, the UK should publicly hold the Saudi authorities to account for its appalling human rights record and the ongoing war crimes in Yemen and should stop selling weapons to Saudi as a matter of urgency."[59] May defended selling arms to Saudi Arabia stating that close ties with the country "keep people on the streets of Britain safe".[60]

Economic policy and austerity programme

Prior to her premiership, May outlined plans to backtrack on the longstanding government plan to achieve a surplus by 2020, following the UK's withdrawal from the European Union. With uncertainty surrounding the economic outlook, Chancellor of the Exchequer Phillip Hammond has suggested that the government's Autumn Statement may be used to "reset" economic policy.[61]

On 2015, while May was Home Secretary, a 18% funding cut in the police force had taken place with the loss of around 20,000 police officers. Before the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing and after the Paris attacks, she was warned by a Manchester senior police officer that the cuts on the force and community policing risked terror attacks in the city due the lack of resources to do proper intelligence and anti-terrorist measures.[62][63][64]

In May's and Hammond's 2017 budget continued government policies of freezing benefits.[65]

European Union

May has not given MPs a vote over the European Union despite in 2007 calling for MPs to have the right of veto over European talks. Nicky Morgan stated "in 2016 MPs aren't asking for a veto but they do want a say and we hope the Prime Minister will remember her earlier words". Anna Soubry and Nick Clegg also called for more parliamentary involvement.[66] In November 2016, the High Court ruled in R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union that parliament must vote on the decision to leave the EU but May appealed to the Supreme Court.[67] Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish First Minister has joined the case as have representatives of Wales and Northern Ireland. Sturgeon feels the Scottish Parliament should also consent to the UK triggering of Article 50. She says she will not seek to prevent England and Wales leaving but wants to preserve Scotland's place in the EU.[68] In the end the Supreme Court required a vote in the UK parliament.

May was accused of not having a plan if Brexit talks break down. There are fears if talks fail Britain could be left trading under WTO rules which it is feared would seriously damage jobs and livelihoods in Britain and Europe. May's ministers have repeatedly promised to walk away from a bad final deal but, it is argued, have no plans for how to manage without a deal.[69] Ivan Rogers described May’s Brexit strategy as “an accident waiting to happen”. He said completing Brexit was “guaranteed” to take a decade and alleged May’s unrealistic hopes of a trade deal made to order meant a car crash in the next few months was “quite likely”.[70]

Workers' representatives

In July 2016 May said that she planned to have workers represented on company boards, saying "If I'm prime minister ... we're going to have not just consumers represented on company boards, but workers as well."[71] May aimed to put workers' and consumers' representatives on boards to make them more accountable.[72] Nils Pratley, a journalist at The Guardian, wrote in July "Fundamental principles of Britain's boardroom governance are being rethought. It is a very welcome development. In the more enlightened quarters of the UK corporate world, they can see that boardroom pay has eroded trust in business."[71] Workers' representatives it appeared, would have made UK companies more like those in Germany and France.[73] May was accused of backtracking in November 2016 when she said that firms would not be forced to adopt the proposal, saying "there are a number of ways in which that can be achieved".[74]

Response to Donald Trump's Muslim ban

Theresa May was strongly criticised in the United Kingdom[75][76][77][78] by members of all major parties, including her own, for refusing to condemn Donald Trump's Executive Order 13769 (colloquially known as the "Muslim ban")[75][79][77] as well as for inviting Trump to a state visit with Queen Elizabeth II.[80]

More than 1.8 million signed an official parliamentary e-petition which said that "Donald Trump's well documented misogyny and vulgarity disqualifies him from being received by Her Majesty the Queen or the Prince of Wales,"[81] and Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said in Prime Minister's Questions (PMQs) that Trump should not be welcomed to Britain "while he abuses our shared values with his shameful Muslim ban and attacks on refugees' and women's rights"[82] and said that Trump should be banned from the UK until the bar on Muslims entering the US is lifted.[83][80]

Baroness Warsi, former chair of the Conservatives, accused May of "bowing down" to Trump, who she described as "a man who has no respect for women, disdain for minorities, little value for LGBT communities, no compassion clearly for the vulnerable and whose policies are rooted in divisive rhetoric."[84][85] London Mayor Sadiq Khan and the Conservative leader in Scotland, Ruth Davidson, also called for the visit to be cancelled.[86][84]

Executive pay

May is considering forcing companies to reveal the difference between what their CEOs are paid and what their ordinary workers are paid.[87]

Environment

Following the impact of Blue Planet II in 2017, the May administration outlined plans to approve further green policy. A particular focus has been on plastic and its impact on the environment. In March 2018, May announced plans for a plastic deposit scheme modelled on a similar policy in Norway to boost recycling. [88]

2017 general election

On 18 April 2017, in a surprise statement made outside 10 Downing Street, May announced that she was to seek parliamentary approval for an early election to be held. She explained that, following the country's decision last summer to leave the European Union, she had "only recently and reluctantly come to this conclusion" and that although she had "said that there should be no election until 2020", that she had "concluded that the only way to guarantee certainty and stability for the years ahead is to hold this election and seek your support for the decisions I must take."[89] May previously indicated through a spokesperson she had no plan for a general election, the spokesperson stated, “There isn’t going to be one. It isn’t going to happen. There is not going to be a general election.” She denied there would be an election many times.[90][91][92] On 19 April 2017 MPs gave May the two-thirds super-majority required to call the snap election she had called for. MPs voted 522 in favour and 13 against, giving the go-ahead for the election to be held on 8 June 2017.[93]

May making a speech outside 10 Downing Street following the 2017 general election

As of 9 June 2017 the Conservative Party lost seats and Labour gained seats. The Conservatives remained the largest single party but without an absolute majority. In the immediate aftermath of the election, it was unclear if Theresa May would continue as Prime Minister.[94] May stated that she would have an informal understanding with the DUP to keep the Conservatives in government.

On 10 June 2017 10 Downing Street issued a statement that a Conservative–DUP agreement was reached in principle.[95] A few hours later, the statement was retracted when it was claimed that it had been "issued in error" and that talks between the Conservative Party and DUP were still ongoing.[96]

On 11 June 2017 former Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, described May as a "dead woman walking".[97]

Second term

The Grenfell Tower fire, Windrush scandal, Universal Credit and Brexit all caused problems for May's government.[98] The UK government is struggling with Brexit and cannot easily reach an agreement that is acceptable to the Conservative party, to Conservative MP's or to the cabinet. How to manage the border between Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic is one major problem.[99]

Potential candidates for a future general election are reluctant to put their names forward. Suspected reasonsd include being demoralized by May's premiership and lack of confidence that the Conservatives can win.[100]

International issues


Brexit

Following Cabinet agreement for May's proposals on Brexit, David Davis resigned from his government position on 8 July 2018.[101][102] Following that, Steve Baker also resigned. On the same day it was reported that Theresa May was facing the threat of a leadership contest amid mounting anger from Brexiteers over her government's Brexit policy.[103] Conservative Party backbencher Andrea Jenkyns called on for the Prime Minister to be replaced. saying “Theresa May's premiership is over”.[104][105] Boris Johnson also later resigned as Foreign Secretary on 9 July 2018.[106]

Policy regarding foreign capital punishment

In July 2018, it was announced The UK government said it will not object to the United States seeking the death penalty for two suspected British members of ISIL. Waiving its long-standing objection to foreign executions.[107][108]

See also

References

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  3. ↑ "Theresa May becomes Britain's prime minister". The Guardian. 13 July 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  4. ↑ McKenzie, Sheena (13 July 2016). "Theresa May becomes new British Prime Minister". CNN. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
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  13. ↑ May triggers article 50 with warning of consequence for UK The Guardian
  14. ↑ "Childhood obesity: Plan attacked as 'weak' and 'watered down' –". BBC News. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
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  29. ↑ Coughlan, Sean. "Grammars 'unnecessary distraction', say MPs - BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  30. ↑ Coughlan, Sean. "Queen's Speech: Grammar school expansion abandoned". BBC News Education. BBC News. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
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  34. ↑ Holton, Kate; Pitas, Costas (14 July 2016). "May builds new-look Brexit cabinet to steer EU divorce". Reuters. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  35. ↑ Hughes, Laura (14 July 2016). "Theresa May appoints Justine Greening and Liz Truss after mass cull of old government sees Michael Gove and Nicky Morgan axed". The Telegraph. London, UK. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  36. ↑ Stewart, Heather (13 July 2016). "Theresa May appeals to centre ground but cabinet tilts to the right".
  37. ↑ Peston, Robert (14 July 2016). "May appoints right wing cabinet for left wing agenda". ITV News. ITV. Retrieved 15 July 2016. Her rhetoric is more left-wing than Cameron's was, her cabinet is more right wing than his was. It is not at all clear how this tension will play out.
  38. ↑ "Climate change department killed off by Theresa May". 14 July 2016.
  39. ↑ "Who is David Davis? A profile of Britain's new 'Brexit Secretary'". The Daily Telegraph. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  40. ↑ "Boris Johnson is foreign secretary: The world reacts". BBC News. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  41. ↑ Editorial (17 July 2016). "The Observer view on the Labour party". The Observer. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  42. ↑ Gross, Jenny; Douglas, Jason (13 July 2016). "U.K.'s Theresa May Readies Brexit Team With Boris Johnson in Key Cabinet Post" – via Wall Street Journal.
  43. ↑ Walker, Peter (14 July 2016). "Women get key jobs as Theresa May sacks four senior ministers". The Telegraph. London, UK. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  44. ↑ Walker, Peter (14 July 2016). "Theresa May appoints Justine Greening and Liz Truss after mass cull of old government sees Michael Gove and Nicky Morgan axed". The Telegraph. London, UK. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  45. ↑ "Andrea Leadsom appointed environment secretary". The Guardian. London, UK. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  46. ↑ "Theresa Villiers to be replaced as Northern Ireland secretary". BBC News. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
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  51. ↑ Mason, Rowena; Oltermann, Philip (20 July 2016). "Angela Merkel backs Theresa May's plan not to trigger Brexit this year". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
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  53. ↑ "Theresa May to meet Donald Trump on Friday – White House". BBC News. 21 January 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  54. ↑ Graham Ruddick (29 July 2016). "Why have ministers delayed final approval for Hinkley Point C?". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  55. ↑ Daniel Boffey (30 July 2016). "Theresa May 'raised objections to project as home secretary'". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  56. ↑ "Nick Timothy: The Government is selling our national security to China". Conservative Home. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  57. ↑ Allan Hennessy (19 August 2016). "Theresa May should expel Saudi Arabia from the UN Human Rights Council, but that's not enough to absolve the UK". The Independent. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  58. ↑ Jon Stone (16 July 2016). "British government refuses to rule out re-electing Saudi Arabia to UN human rights council". The Independent. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  59. ↑ Joe Watts (18 August 2016). "Theresa May urged to vote against Saudi Arabia remaining on Human Rights Council over abuses". The Independent. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  60. ↑ Merrick, Rob (7 September 2016). "Theresa May claims selling arms to Saudi Arabia helps 'keep people on the streets of Britain safe'". The Independent. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  61. ↑ "Chancellor may 'reset' economic policy in Autumn Statement". BBC News Business. BBC. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
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  69. ↑ MPs slam Theresa May over lack of a plan if Brexit talks collapse The Guardian
  70. ↑ Irish warn Theresa May: change course or risk Brexit chaos The Observer
  71. 1 2 "Theresa May's plan to put workers in boardrooms is extraordinary | Politics". The Guardian. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  72. ↑ Sean Farrell (2 October 2016). "Workers on boards: the idea is not going away | Business". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  73. ↑ Stephanie Baker (12 July 2016). "Theresa May's plan to put workers on boards is borrowed from Germany and France". The Independent. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  74. ↑ "Theresa May bids to reassure business on Brexit 'cliff-edge' –". BBC News. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  75. 1 2 "Pressure grows on May as a million people sign anti-Trump petition over 'Muslim ban'". 29 January 2017.
  76. ↑ "Theresa May fails to condemn Donald Trump on refugees". 28 January 2017 – via bbc.com.
  77. 1 2 "Theresa May is at heart of a political storm over her 'weak' response to Trump's Muslim ban". Business Insider.
  78. ↑ "British PM Theresa May faces tough lesson over Trump's U.S. entry ban".
  79. ↑ "Boris Johnson faces accusations that Theresa May was told the 'Muslim ban' was coming". 30 January 2017.
  80. 1 2 McCann, Kate (1 February 2017). "Theresa May rejects calls to block Donald Trump's state visit in fierce exchange with Jeremy Corbyn". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  81. ↑ "A petition to stop Donald Trump's planned visit to the U.K. has surpassed a million signatures".
  82. ↑ "Trump state visit plan 'very difficult' for Queen". 31 January 2017 – via bbc.com.
  83. ↑ "Nationwide protests in the UK over Trump's Muslim ban".
  84. 1 2 "Ex Cabinet minister tells Government to consider cancelling Trump state visit". 30 January 2017.
  85. ↑ "Theresa May will find herself as hated as Trump if she keeps sacrificing our ethics for trade deals". 30 January 2017.
  86. ↑ "May says Trump state visit will go ahead no matter how many people sign a petition against it".
  87. ↑ "Executive pay: Companies could be forced to reveal pay gap –". BBC News. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  88. ↑ "Drinks bottles and can deposit return scheme proposed". 27 March 2018 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  89. ↑ "Theresa May's general election statement in full". BBC News. BBC. 18 April 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  90. ↑ "Five times Theresa May ruled out a snap general election - Coffee House". 18 April 2017.
  91. ↑ "Labour is in deep trouble, but it's our only defence against a Tory landslide". 18 April 2017 – via The Guardian.
  92. ↑ Weaver, Matthew (18 April 2017). "The many times Theresa May ruled out an early election" – via The Guardian.
  93. ↑ "General election campaigning begins as MPs back June poll". BBC News (19 April 2017). BBC. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  94. ↑ What is a hung parliament and what happens now? The Guardian
  95. ↑ "Election 2017: DUP agrees 'confidence' deal with Tories". 10 June 2017 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  96. ↑ "Theresa May Mocked Mercilessly For 'Omnishambles' After DUP Deal Statement 'Issued In Error'". 11 June 2017.
  97. ↑ "Cabinet reshuffle: Michael Gove appointed Environment Secretary in shock return to frontline politics".
  98. ↑ Two years after coming to power, Theresa May's premiership is the most shambolic for a century The Independent
  99. ↑ David Davis calls on ministers to rebel against Brexit deal The Guardian
  100. ↑ Conservatives hit by candidate shortage for general election because activists 'demoralised' by Theresa May The Independent
  101. ↑ Rayner, Gordon (8 July 2018). "David Davis resigns as Brexit secretary". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  102. ↑ "Brexit Secretary David Davis resigns". BBC News. 9 July 2018.
  103. ↑ "Theresa May faces leadership challenge threat from Tory Brexiteers".
  104. ↑ Hartmann, Margaret. "Top Brexit Officials Resign in Blow to Theresa May".
  105. ↑ "May to fight any leadership challenge". 9 July 2018.
  106. ↑ "Boris Johnson resigns as foreign secretary over May's Brexit plans". The Guardian.
  107. ↑ "Britain would not block death penalty for IS 'Beatle' suspects". 23 July 2018.
  108. ↑ Riley-Smith, Ben (22 July 2018). "Sajid Javid tells US: We won't block death penalty for Isil 'Beatles'" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
British Premierships
Preceded by
Cameron		 May Premiership
2016–present		 Incumbent
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