Neoptera

Neopterans Temporal range: Late Carboniferous–Present PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Honeybee (order Hymenoptera)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Clade:	Euarthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Branch:	Metapterygota
Infraclass:	Neoptera

Neoptera is a classification group that includes most parts of the winged insects, specifically those that can flex their wings over their abdomens. This is in contrast with the more basal orders of winged insects (the "Palaeoptera" assemblage), which are unable to flex their wings in this way.

Classification

The taxon Neoptera was proposed by А.М. Martynov in 1923 and 1924, in the following classification:^[1]

Pterygota

• division Palaeoptera
  • order Odonata
  • order Agnatha (correct name: Ephemeroptera)
  • †order Dictyoneuridea
  • †order Megasecoptera
  • †order Protodonata
  • †order Protephemeroidea
• division Neoptera
  • subdivision Polyneoptera
    • superorder Orthopteroidea (Anartioptera)
      • order Orthoptera
      • order Plecoptera
      • order Dermaptera
      • order Embioptera
      • order Phasmatodea
    • superorder Blattopteroidea (senior name: Pandictyoptera)
      • order Blattodea
      • order Mantodea
  • subdivision Paraneoptera
    • order Hemiptera (correct name: Arthroidignatha)
      • suborder Phytophtires (correct name: Plantisuga)
      • suborder Auchenorrhyncha
      • suborder Heteroptera
    • subdivision Oligoneoptera

The order Thysanoptera originally had uncertain systematic position, and later was attributed to Paraneoptera.

Later, a number of other classifications had been proposed. According to various points of view, Neoptera is subordinated either directly to Pterygota (as in the Martynov's classification), or to Metapterygota:

1. Pterygota Gegenbaur 1878
1.1. Ephemeroptera Hyatt & Arms 1890
1.2. Metapterygota Börner 1909
1.2.1. Odonata Fabricius 1793
1.2.2. Neoptera Martynov 1923

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of Neoptera is shown, not yet fully resolved, in the cladogram:^[2]

References

External links

• Media related to Neoptera at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Neoptera at Wikispecies