Cycling at the Summer Paralympics

Cycling at the Summer Paralympics
Governing body	IPC
Events	44 (men: 30; women: 12; mixed: 2)
Games
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016
Medalists Records

Cycling has been contested at every Summer Paralympic Games since the 1984 Summer Paralympics.

Classification

Cyclists with visual impairments are paired with a sighted pilot. Here Scott McPhee pilots to Kieran Modra's stocker.

Cyclists are given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows cyclists to compete against others with a similar level of function.^[1]

At the 2008 Summer Paralympics and earlier, classes were:

• B&VI 1–3: Cyclists with a visual impairment, using a tandem bicycle
• LC 1–4: Cyclists with a locomotor disability, including those with amputations
• CP 1–4: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, using a tricycle (CP 1–2) or bicycle (CP 3–4)
• HC A, B, and C: Cyclists using a handcycle

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, a functional para-cycling classification system was used.

• B: Cyclists with a vision impairment, using a tandem bicycle
• T 1–2: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, MS or similar neuro-motor impairment, using a tricycle
• C 1–5: Cyclists with amputations, neuromotor or musculoskeletal impairment, using a bicycle
• H 1–4: Cyclists using a handcycle

Factoring

In some cycling events, cyclists with different classifications compete against each other for one set of medals. Many (but not all) such events are factored, reducing the times of riders in lower classifications to take their greater impairment into account. Factoring percentages are based on average race times by riders in each classification.^[2]

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, factored races included the mixed tricycle time trial, Women's C1–3 road time trial,^[3] Women's H1–2 road time trial and track C1–3 and C4–5 events.

Medal table

Updated to 2016 Summer Paralympics. Countries in italics are former countries who participated in the Paralympics.

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Great Britain (GBR)	41	19	13	73
2	Australia (AUS)	37	31	29	97
3	United States (USA)	23	39	29	91
4	Germany (GER)	20	24	17	61
5	Italy (ITA)	16	10	13	39
6	France (FRA)	13	7	14	34
7	Spain (ESP)	11	15	16	42
8	Netherlands (NED)	10	13	12	35
9	China (CHN)	10	11	14	35
10	Canada (CAN)	9	11	13	33
11	Czech Republic (CZE)	8	7	10	25
12	Austria (AUT)	7	10	5	22
13	Poland (POL)	5	7	1	13
14	Switzerland (SUI)	5	5	8	18
15	Slovakia (SVK)	4	4	3	11
16	Belgium (BEL)	4	3	5	12
17	Ireland (IRL)	4	3	3	10
18	Belarus (BLR)	4	1	0	5
19	Ukraine (UKR)	4	0	0	4
20	Japan (JPN)	3	7	6	16
21	South Korea (KOR)	3	6	5	14
22	Norway (NOR)	3	2	5	10
23	New Zealand (NZL)	2	3	7	12
24	South Africa (RSA)	2	2	3	7
25	Romania (ROU)	1	2	0	3
26	Denmark (DEN)	1	0	0	1
27	Czechoslovakia (TCH)	0	2	0	2
	Finland (FIN)	0	2	0	2
29	West Germany (FRG)	0	1	2	3
30	Brazil (BRA)	0	1	1	2
	Portugal (POR)	0	1	1	2
32	Israel (ISR)	0	1	0	1
33	Colombia (COL)	0	0	3	3
34	Argentina (ARG)	0	0	2	2
	Lebanon (LIB)	0	0	2	2
36	Russia (RUS)	0	0	1	1
Totals (36 nations)		250	250	243	743

Events

Nations

Nation	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16	Years
Afghanistan (AFG)										2		2				2
Albania (ALB)														1		1
Argentina (ARG)												1	3	3	5	4
Australia (AUS)								1	8	14	22	19	17	15	15	8
Austria (AUT)								1	4	7	9	7	11	7	4	8
Barbados (BAR)											1	1				2
Belarus (BLR)										2	4	6	6	2		5
Belgium (BEL)								3	7	5	2	1	3	4	8	8
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH)												1				1
Brazil (BRA)									1	1	2	1	2	2	5	7
Burkina Faso (BUR)									2	2			1	2		4
Canada (CAN)							4	3	15	7	10	12	15	15	14	9
China (CHN)												6	8	8	11	4
Colombia (COL)												1	4	3	6	4
Costa Rica (CRC)														1	1	2
Croatia (CRO)													1	2		2
Cuba (CUB)														1	1	2
Czech Republic (CZE)										3	6	8	8	8	8	6
Czechoslovakia (TCH)								1	3							2
Denmark (DEN)												1	3	2	2	4
Dominican Republic (DOM)														1	1	2
Estonia (EST)															1	1
Finland (FIN)							1					2	2	2	3	5
France (FRA)							1	6	16	17	18	9	9	14	5	9
Germany (GER)									9	13	13	17	17	16	15	7
Ghana (GHA)														1	1	2
Great Britain (GBR)							1	1	7	8	8	8	12	19	20	9
Greece (GRE)												4	2	5	6	4
Haiti (HAI)														1		1
Hungary (HUN)															2	1
Iran (IRI)												1		1	1	3
Ireland (IRL)									1			3	6	10	10	5
Israel (ISR)												1	1	3	1	4
Italy (ITA)									8	12	9	7	9	13	13	7
Japan (JPN)										2	7	6	5	4	5	6
Lebanon (LBN)													1	1		2
Luxembourg (LUX)													1		2	2
Malaysia (MAS)														2	4	2
Mexico (MEX)													1			1
Netherlands (NED)							3		4	7	3	5	6	11	18	8
New Zealand (NZL)												2	5	6	8	4
Norway (NOR)							3	2	4	4	6	7	1	2	1	9
Pakistan (PAK)										1						1
Peru (PER)															1	1
Poland (POL)												3	6	6	12	4
Portugal (POR)							3				1	1	1		2	5
Romania (ROU)												1	3	2	2	4
Russia (RUS)														2		1
Serbia (SRB)														2		1
Singapore (SGP)										2	2					2
Slovakia (SVK)										2	4	4	4	6	5	6
Slovenia (SLO)												1	1	1	1	4
South Africa (RSA)												4	7	6	6	4
South Korea (KOR)								10	5	3	4	2	2	2	3	8
Spain (ESP)									17	26	23	14	16	16	12	7
Sweden (SWE)												1		1	4	3
Switzerland (SUI)									6	6	8	8	5	8	7	7
Ukraine (UKR)														1	1	2
Unified Team (EUN)									2							1
United States (USA)							3	11	30	35	35	18	13	17	24	9
Venezuela (VEN)											1	1	2	2	2	5
West Germany (FRG)							3	1								2
Nations							8	11	19	23	25	39	39	48	45
Competitors							22	40	149	181	202	196	220	223	235
Year	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16

See also

• Cycling at the Summer Olympics
• Cycle sport
• Para-cycling classification

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cycling at the Summer Paralympics.

• IPC Historical Results Database - General Search, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)