List of Nürburgring Nordschleife lap times

"Nordschleife"-layout

This is a list of lap times achieved by various vehicles on the Nürburgring (Nordschleife). The list itself is broken down into categories.

The Nordschleife

Lineup of production versions of the Lexus LFA, one of the contenders in the Production, street-legal category
The Radical SR8 achieved record in 2009 for the fastest road-legal car (road legal only in UK and some other countries) with a time of 6:48[1]
The Dodge Viper ACR upset the field in 2011 with a time of 7:12:13

The Nürburgring (Nordschleife) in Germany, with its remaining 20.8 km (12.9 mi) long old section dating from 1927, is used by various motoring media outlets and vehicle manufacturers for testing. Manufacturers publish times for promotional purposes while automotive media outlets usually publish times for comparison and reporting purposes. According to Car and Driver, Nürburgring Nordschleife "record-chasing runs are a universally accepted, objective measure of a car’s performance, and shaving seconds gives automakers reasons to grab some headlines."[2] Compared to the current version, the original Nürburgring track was longer and split into three configurations. The entire track, the Gesamtstrecke (see map above) was 28.3 kilometres in length, composed of the Nordschleife (22.8 km), the Südschleife (7.7 km), and the Betonschleife – the latter a short 2 kilometer warm-up loop around the pit area. The lengths of the two segments, when considered separately, add up to more than the whole, since each circuit effectively shared the Betonschleife.[3]

Timing entities

Apart from races and timing events under the rules of their respective sanctioning bodies, there are no official rules that govern the measurement and certification of lap time on the Nordschleife. [4] For the announcement of production car lap times, submission of an official announcement, accompanied by an on-board video with telemetry, and a mention of the tyres used have become customary.[5]

Timing by media

The German magazine sport auto publishes its "Supertest" of cars, in which the lap time (usually driven by editor-in-chief Horst von Saurma) at the Nordschleife is the most discussed result. The magazine also runs a challenge for the fastest lap time driven with a car that is road legal (TÜV) and registered in Germany. The road legality rule also applies for the tyres.

British motorcycle magazine Performance Bikes began testing their bikes in a regular feature at the Nordschleife in March 2007 and finished in December 2007. Bikes were tested by Dale Lomas and a character named only as The Baron. As with sport auto, all machines tested are road-legal (MOT) and shod with road-legal Bridgestone BT002 Pro Race tyres. To date there are 28 lap times published in the regular feature. As motorcycles are forbidden to participate in industry pool sessions and after-hours test sessions, Performance Bikes were forced to test during quiet mid-week tourist sessions, where speed limits apply in some sections. This means their lap times are measured from bridge to gantry (see below) and are approximately 22 seconds shorter than a full 20.832 km (12.944 mi) Nordschleife lap.

Nordschleife runs are conducted or observed by various other media outlets, such as the British Evo Magazine or Auto Bild from Germany.

Timing by manufacturers

Manufacturers, especially those of supercars, conduct their own timing runs and publish these for varying purposes. Manufacturers also lend support to private entities or media outlets.

Timing by private drivers

Some lap times are even claimed to have been done during tourist driving sessions. It is forbidden to race on tourist days. Additionally, there are two speed limits (one in Breidscheid, and one on "Döttinger Höhe") on tourist days.

Controversies

Nordschleife runs are not without sometimes prominent critics. The British motoring programme Top Gear used the Nordschleife for their challenges, often involving Sabine Schmitz. Top Gear's James May, however, was very critical of the influence of Nordschleife lap timing, saying that it "corrupts performance when it is used by car makers to develop new models. Testing prototype cars on a circuit is nothing new, obviously: it's probably been going on since someone drove a horseless carriage onto a disused donkey derby track. But the 'Ring, through being communal and open to all, encourages a pointless scrabble for comparative lap times that isn't helping you or me."[6] According to Popular Science, "beating the 'ring, and making a YouTube video to prove it, is about the best marketing move a sports car company can make, even one that plans to roll only a double-digits'-worth of cars out of its production facility."[7]

The Nissan GT-R NISMO set a lap time of 7:08.679.

The views and definitions differ among automakers and also among journalists. According to Porsche, the Porsche 918 Spyder did set a "Nurburgring record for a street-legal automobile",[8] while the car landed on place 3 on this list behind two Radical SR8. With roof reinforced for safety reasons and observed by sport auto,[9] the record was widely reported by the media. Magazines like Car and Driver and "the wider automotive industry" declared the worldwide street-legal Porsche 918 the new record holder since the SR8 didn't meet full type-approval and only could get British single-vehicle approval.[10][11][12][13]

Two months later, Nissan claimed, which was also widely reported in the media, a ring record for its Nissan GT-R Nismo as "world's fastest volume production car". Engineers later confessed that the car had been "specifically tuned for the Nurburgring" with significant changes from the standard car. The Nissan GT-R was fourth place on this list at the time. [14][15]

Track lengths and timing

Porsche 956 - Former Overall Record Holder on the current 20832m variant

There are varying lap lengths. Therefore, not all of the lap times are comparable.

Full lap

A full lap of the Nordschleife, bypassing the modern GP track, is 20.832 km (12.944 mi) long. Most laps are completed 200 metres (656 ft) shorter for safety reasons. Full uninterrupted flying laps can only be done in closed sessions and race events like Castrol-Haugg-Cup.

Bridge to gantry

During tourist driving sessions, the full main straight cannot be driven at speed due to the exit/entrance. These laps are usually timed "bridge to gantry", which is only 19.1 km (11.9 mi). The lap goes from the "bridge" to the "gantry" (currently carrying Audi sponsorship.)[16]

Lap times

A production vehicle is defined as "one that is put into mass production, as a model produced in large numbers and offered for sale to the public." VCA, the United Kingdom's national approval authority for new road vehicles[17] defines a production vehicle as "a vehicle of a make, model and type mass produced by the vehicle manufacturer." Guinness World Records was reported to require a minimum of 30[18] and other lists within Wikipedia require at least 25 road legal cars built. The Nürburgring is a public (toll-) road, and regulations of Germany and the EU apply. For the purpose of this list, a car is “street legal” if it can be registered in at least one EU country for road use, even if it can't pass German TÜV.

For new entries, this list requires an official manufacturer’s press release for manufacturer-conducted tests. If the test has been conducted by an independent publication, an article in that publication is required. New entries require an original, uncut on-board video, showing the lap and the timing from start to finish. A statement that road legal OEM tyres have been used is required.

Length Time Vehicle Driver Date Notes
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:44.97 Lamborghini Aventador LP 770-4 Superveloce Jota (2018) Marco Mapelli 26 July 2018 Lamborghini conducted test, full roll cage, Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[19][20]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:47.25 Porsche 911 GT2 RS (991.2) Lars Kern 20 September 2017 Porsche conducted test. OEM Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 'N2', OEM "Weissach Package", OEM deletion of audio and communication system, Porsche Motorsport bucket seat and harness on driver's side.[21][22][23][24]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:48.28 Radical SR8 LM Michael Vergers 19 August 2009 Dunlop Direzza DZ03 tyres. Production sportscar with road-going production car status,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] road legal version is available with British Single Vehicle Approval. Timing overseen by Evo magazine who consider it to be a road legal car, timed by Sport Auto, who do not consider it to be a road legal production car lap, but considered a road legal production car by Pistonheads.[33][9][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:52.01 Lamborghini Huracán LP 640-4 Performante (2017) Marco Mapelli 5 October 2016 Lamborghini conducted test, full roll cage, Pirelli Trofeo R.[41][42]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:55 Radical SR8 Michael Vergers 28 September 2005 Dunlop Direzza DZ03 tyres. Road legal track car, road legal version is available with British Single Vehicle Approval. [34][36][43] Timed by Sport Auto, who do not consider it to be a road legal production car lap, but considered a road legal production car by Pistonheads.[9][44][45][46]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:56.4 Porsche 911 GT3 RS (991.2) Kévin Estre 16 April 2018 Porsche conducted test. OEM Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 R 'N0', OEM "Weissach Package", OEM deletion of audio and communication system, Porsche Motorsport bucket seat and harness on driver's side.[47][48][49]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:57 Porsche 918 Spyder Marc Lieb 4 September 2013 Porsche conducted test, observed by Sport Auto. "Weissach Package", Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 'N0'.[50][51][52]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:59.73 Lamborghini Aventador LP 750-4 Superveloce (2015) Marco Mapelli 18 May 2015 Lamborghini conducted test, full roll cage, Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[53][54]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:01.3 Dodge Viper ACR (2017) Lance David Arnold 1 September 2017 OEM "GTS-R Commemorative Edition", "Extreme Aero Package", Kumho Ecsta V720 ACR. Privately funded and observed by Road & Track. Third attempt, testing ended by tyre failure resulting in crash.[55][56]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:05.41 Porsche 911 GT3 RS (991.2) Christian Gebhardt 2018 Sport Auto (09/2018), OEM deletion of audio and communication system, Porsche Motorsport bucket seat and harness on driver's side.[57][58]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:08.679 Nissan GT-R NISMO (2015) Michael Krumm September 30, 2013 Nissan conducted test. Pre-production NISMO "N Attack Package" (available on order from NISMO Japan in 2015), 255/40RF-20 run-flat Dunlop SP Sport Maxx GT 600 DSST.[59][60][61][62]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:10.92 Mercedes-AMG GT R (2017) Christian Gebhardt December 2016 Sport Auto (1/2017), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 'ZP'.[63][64][65]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:11.57 Gumpert Apollo Sport Florian Gruber 13 August 2009 Observed by Sport Auto, Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[66][67][68]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:12.13 Dodge Viper ACR (2010) Dominik Farnbacher 14 September 2011 SRT, Viper Club of America and ViperExchange conducted test. Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[69][70][71]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:12.7 Porsche 911 GT3 (991.2) Lars Kern 4 May 2017 Porsche conducted test. Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2, PDK, carbon ceramic brakes, OEM deletion of audio and communication system, "Clubsport Package", Porsche Motorsport bucket seat and harness on driver's side.[72][73]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:13 Porsche 918 Spyder Horst von Saurma June 2014 Sport Auto (6/2014).[74][75]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:13.90 Chevrolet Corvette C7 Z06 Christian Gebhardt 24 April 2017 Sport Auto (8/2017), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 'ZP', manual.[76][77]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:14.64 Lexus LFA Nürburgring Package Akira Iida 31 August 2011 Lexus conducted test. OEM "Nürburgring Package", Bridgestone Potenza RE070, additional roll cage.[78][79][80]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:14.89 Donkervoort D8 RS Michael Düchting 2006 Observed by Sport Auto, Dunlop Sportmaxx.[81]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:16.04 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 1LE (2018) Bill Wise 2017 General Motors conducted test, OEM Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar 3R.[82][83]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:17 Porsche 911 Turbo S (991.2) Christian Gebhardt 2018 Sport Auto (3/2018), Pirelli P Zero Corsa 'N0'.[84]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:18 Porsche 911 GT2 RS (997.2) Timo Kluck 2010 Porsche conducted test, Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 'N2'.[85][86]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:18 Porsche 911 GT3 (991.2) Christian Gebhardt June 2017 Sport Auto (7/2017), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 'N1', PDK, bucket seat and harness.[87][88]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:18.1 Donkervoort D8 RS Michael Düchting 24 October 2004 Observed by Sport Auto.[81]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:19 Radical SR3 Turbo
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:19.1 Nissan GT-R (2012)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:19.63 Chevrolet Corvette C6 ZR1 (2012) Jim Mero 9 June 2011 General Motors conducted test. Base car, OEM Michelin Pilot Sport Cup ZP option.[89][90]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:21 Ferrari 488 GTB 2016 Auto Zeitung (19/2016).[91]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:21.63 Ferrari 488 GTB Christian Gebhardt November 2016 Sport Auto (12/2016), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2.[92][93]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:22.1 Dodge Viper ACR (2009) Tom Coronel 18 August 2008 Chrysler and Motor Trend conducted test. Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[94]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:22.68 Chevrolet Corvette C6 Z06 (2012) Jim Mero 23 June 2011 General Motors conducted test. Z07 package, OEM Michelin Pilot Sport Cup ZP option.[95]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:24 Gumpert Apollo Sport Horst von Saurma November 2010 Sport Auto (11/2009), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[96][97]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:24 Porsche 911 GT2 RS (997.2) Horst von Saurma 2010 Sport Auto (11/2010), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[98]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:24 Porsche 911 Carrera GTS (991.2) Christian Gebhardt May 2017 Sport Auto (6/2017), optional OEM Pirelli P Zero Corsa N0, PDK, rear seats.[99][100]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:24.22 Nissan GT-R (2011) Toshio Suzuki 1 October 2010 Nissan conducted test.[101] Semi-wet conditions. Video confirmed. Best Motoring (12/2010).[102]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:24.29 Maserati MC12 Marc Basseng August 2008 Evo Magazine conducted test[103]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:24.44 Pagani Zonda F Clubsport Marc Basseng August 2008 Evo Magazine conducted test[104]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:25 Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 Horst von Saurma 2012 Sport Auto (08/2012), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[105]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:25.21 Enzo Ferrari Marc Basseng August 2008 Evo Magazine conducted test[106]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:25.67 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Black Series August 2013 Mercedes-AMG conducted test.[107]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:25.72 KTM X-Bow RR Christopher Haase 2012 Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[108]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:26.4 Chevrolet Corvette C6 ZR1 (2009) Jim Mero 27 June 2008 General Motors conducted test, Michelin Pilot Sport 2.[109]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:26.70 Nissan GT-R (2009) Toshio Suzuki 23 April 2009 Nissan Motors conducted test, optional tyres. Best Motoring (08/2009).[110]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:27.82 Pagani Zonda F Clubsport (2005) Marc Basseng September 2007 Pagani conducted test, semi-wet conditions.[111][112]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:27.88 BMW M4 GTS Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2.[113][114]
7:28.0 Porsche Carrera GT (980) Walter Röhrl 2 July 2004 Auto Bild(07/04)[115]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:28.0 McLaren MP4-12C Horst von Saurma 2011 Sport Auto (11/2011), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[116]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:28.0 Lamborghini Huracán LP 610-4 Christian Gebhardt July 2016 Sport Auto (08/2016), Pirelli P Zero Trofeo R.[117][118][119]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:28* Porsche 911 GT3 RS (991) Horst von Saurma *Estimated by Sport Auto (8/2015)[96]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:28.71 Porsche Carrera GT (980) Marc Basseng August 2008 Evo Magazine conducted test.[120]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:29.03 Nissan GT-R (2009) Toshio Suzuki 17 April 2008 Nissan Motors conducted test,.[121][122][123] The test used a stock GT-R.
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:29.60 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 (2017) Drew Cattell October 24, 2016 Goodyear Eagle F1.[124]
7:30.0 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT (2012) 2012 According to AMG chairman Ola Källenius, as reported by Auto Blog. No video or press release.[125][126]
7:32.0 Porsche 911 GT2 (997, 2008) Walter Röhrl 2007 Porsche conducted test, R compound used.[127]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:32 Porsche 911 GT3 (991) Horst von Saurma November 2013 Sport Auto (11/2013), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2.[96][128]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:32 Audi R8 V10 Plus (4S, 2015) Christian Gebhardt 2015 Sport Auto (10/2015), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2.[129]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:32 Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio (2015) Fabio Francia September 2016 Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio with automatic transmission[130]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:32.40 Porsche Carrera GT (980) Horst von Saurma 2003 Sport Auto (01/2004), Michelin Pilot Sport.[131]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:38 Ferrari 458 Italia Horst von Saurma 2010 Sport Auto (08/2010), Michelin Pilot Sport PS2.[132]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:33 Pagani Zonda F Horst von Saurma 2006 Sport Auto (05/2006), Michelin Pilot Sport 2 N0/1.[133]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:33 Porsche 911 GT3 RS (997.2) Horst von Saurma 2010 Sport Auto (05/2010), PCCB [134]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:33 Porsche 911 GT3 (997) Horst von Saurma 2007 Sport Auto (11/2007), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[135]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:33.55 Koenigsegg CCX Marc Basseng August 2008 Evo Magazine conducted test[136]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:34 Koenigsegg CCR Horst von Saurma 17 October 2005 Sport Auto (03/2006), Michelin Pilot Sport N0.[137]
7:34 Porsche 911 GT2 (997) September 2008 Porsche conducted test, stock vehicle.[138]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:34 Nissan GT-R (2011) Horst von Saurma October 2010 Sport Auto (11/2010),.[139]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:34 Lexus LFA Nürburgring Package Horst von Saurma February 2012 Sport Auto (02/2012), Potenza RE070.[140]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:34 Porsche 911 Turbo S (991) Horst von Saurma February 2014 Sport Auto (2/2014), Dunlop SportMaxx Race.[141]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:34 Porsche 911 Carrera S (991.2) Christian Gebhardt May 2016 Sport Auto (6/2016), Pirelli P Zero N1.[142][143]
7:35 Mercedes-AMG GT S 2016 Autoweek [144] and Fastest Laps [145]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:35 Ruf Rt 12 Horst von Saurma 2008 Sport Auto (02/2008), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[146][147]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:35 McLaren 650S Spider Horst von Saurma 2015 Sport Auto (03/2015), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[148]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:36 Nissan GT-R (R35) Horst von Saurma 2011 Sport Auto (05/2011), Dunlop SP Sport Maxx GT 600 DSST.[149]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:37 BMW M4 GTS Christian Gebhardt October 2016 Sport Auto (09/2016), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2.[150]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:37.4 Chevrolet Camaro Z/28 (2014) Adam Dean October 2013 General Motors conducted test, Pirelli P Zero Trofeo R.[151]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:37.9 Porsche 911 Carrera S (991) Timo Kluck 28 August 2012 Porsche conducted test, PDK transmission.[152]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:38 Lexus LFA Horst von Saurma September 2010 Sport Auto (09/2010), Bridgestone Potenza S001.[153]
7:38 Porsche 911 Turbo (997) September 2008 Porsche conducted test, stock vehicle.[138]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:38 Chevrolet Corvette C6 ZR1 Horst von Saurma October 2009 Sport Auto conducted test, Michelin Pilot Sport ZP run-flat.[154]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:38 Nissan GT-R Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (07/2009), Dunlop SP Sport 600 DSST run flat.[155]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:38 Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera Horst von Saurma 2011 Sport Auto (04/2011), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[156]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:38 Porsche Panamera Turbo (2017) Car equipped with roll cage. Confirmed by Road & Track[157][158]
20,832 m (68,346 ft) 7:38.85 Lexus LFA Sascha Bert November 2010 Auto Bild Sportscars supercomparo (LFA vs 458 vs SLS AMG vs GT-R vs LP570-4 vs Weismann GT) test conducted on the long 20.8 km configuration of Nurburgring (11/2010)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:38.92 BMW M5 (F90) Christian Gebhardt 2018 Sport Auto (06/2018).[159]
7:39 Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio (2015) September 2015 Alfa Romeo conducted test using a pre-production model, approx. 100 kg light, on racing tyres.[160][161]
7:39 Porsche 911 Turbo (997, 2010) Porsche conducted Test, stock vehicle.[162]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:39 Ferrari 430 Scuderia Horst von Saurma 2008 Sport Auto (07/2008), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[163]
20,832 m (68,346 ft) 7:40 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 2005 Wheels Magazine Australia 2005[164][165]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:40 Lamborghini Murcielago LP 640 Giorgio Sanna Lamborghini, Auto Bild (01/2007)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:40 Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren Klaus Ludwig Auto Bild(07/2004)[115]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:40 Porsche 911 GT3 (997.2) Horst von Saurma 2009 Sport Auto (06/2009), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[166]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:40 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Horst von Saurma 2010 Sport Auto (05/2010), Continental ContiSportContact 5.[167]
7:40.6* Ford GT Markus Draper *Octane Magazine, estimated the lap without running it..
20,832 m (68,346 ft) 7:40.76 Lamborghini Gallardo LP570-4 Superleggera Sascha Bert November 2010 Auto Bild Sportscars (11/2010)
20,832 m (68,346 ft) 7:41.23 Porsche 911 Turbo S (997.2) Sascha Bert November 2010 Auto Bild Sportscars (11/2010)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:41.27 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 (2012) Aaron Link October 2011 GM conducted test.[168][169]
20,832 m (68,346 ft) 7:41.50 Chevrolet Corvette C6 ZR1 Sascha Bert August 2009 Auto Bild Sportscars (08/2009)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:42 Porsche Cayman GT4 (981) Christian Gebhardt April 2015 Sport Auto (5/2015), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2. [170][171][172]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:42 Porsche 911 GT3 (997) Walter Röhrl Automobil (05/2006), Sport Auto (05/2006)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:42 Lamborghini Murciélago LP670-4 SuperVeloce Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (01/2010), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[173]
7:42.9 Chevrolet Corvette C6 Z06 Jan Magnussen 2005 General Motors,[174][175] Motor Trend confirmed, recorded from a standing start rather than the generally accepted rolling start technique now used [176]
7:43 Porsche 911 GT3 RS (997) 'Motor' magazine
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:43.8 Honda Civic Type R (FK8) April 2017 Official test conducted by Honda. FWD lap record holder as of April 2018.
20,832 m (68,346 ft) 7:43.65 Nissan GT-R Sascha Bert November 2010 Auto Bild Sportscars (11/2010)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:44 Audi R8 Coupé 5.2 FSI quattro Sport Auto (09/2009), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[177]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:44 Pagani Zonda S 7.3 (2002) Horst von Saurma 2002 Sport Auto (2002), Michelin Pilot Sport.[178]
7:44 Bugatti EB110 SS Loris Bicocchi 1993 [179][180][181][182]
20,832 m (68,346 ft) 7:44.42 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Sascha Bert November 2010 Auto Bild Sportscars (11/2010)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:45.19 Mercedes-AMG E63 S 4Matic+ (T-Modell Wagon) Christian Gebhardt 2017 Sport Auto (12/2017), Michelin Pilot Sport 4S.[183][184]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:46 Mercedes-Benz C 63 AMG Coupe Black Series Horst von Saurma 2011 Sport Auto (01/2012), Dunlop Sport Maxx Race M0.[185][186]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:46 Porsche 911 GT2 (1999) Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (06/2001)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:46 Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera Horst von Saurma 2007 Sport Auto (09/2007), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[187]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:46.70 Porsche 718 Cayman S (982) Christian Gebhardt September 2016 Sport Auto (10/2016), Pirelli P Zero N1.[188][189]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:47 Porsche 911 GT3 RS (996) Horst von Saurma 2004 Sport Auto (3/2004), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[190]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:47 Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano Horst von Saurma 2007 Sport Auto (08/2007), Pirelli P Zero.[191]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:47 Lamborghini Murciélago LP 640 Horst von Saurma 2006 Sport Auto (01/2007), E-Gear automated sequential transmission, Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[192]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:47.19 Volkswagen Golf GTI Clubsport S (2016) 7 December 2016 Volkswagen conducted test,[193] special Nürburgring set-up. FWD car record (before 2017 Civic Type R), video confirmed.
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:48 Audi TT RS (8S) Christian Gebhardt 2017 Sport Auto (10/2017), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[194]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:48 BMW M3 GTS Coupé (E92, 2011) Horst von Saurma Sport Auto[195]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:48 Porsche 911 GT3 RS (997.1) Horst von Saurma 2007 Sport Auto (3/2007), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[196]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:48 Porsche 911 GT3 (997.1) Horst von Saurma 2006 Sport Auto (7/2006), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[197]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:48.13 Lotus Exige Cup 380 (2017) Christian Gebhardt 2017 Sport Auto (1/2018), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2.[198][199]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:49 Chevrolet Corvette C6 Z06 Horst von Saurma 22 June 2007 Sport Auto (06/2007), Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar EMT.[200]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:49.21 Volkswagen Golf GTI Clubsport S Benny Leuchter 20 April 2016 Volkswagen conducted test,[201] special Nürburgring set-up. FWD car record, video confirmed.
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:50 Aston Martin V8 Vantage GT8 Christian Gebhardt February 2017 Sport Auto (3/2017), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2.[202][203]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:50 BMW M3 CSL (E46, 2004) Horst von Saurma 2003 Sport Auto (08/2003), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup.[204]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:50 Porsche 911 Carrera S (997.2, 2009) Horst von Saurma 2008 Sport Auto (08/2008), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup N0, PCCB, PDK, Sport Chrono Plus.[205]
7:51 Mercedes-Benz SL65 AMG Black Series 2009 Motor Trend [206]
20,800 m (68,200 ft) 7:51.51 Volvo S60 Polestar (2016) May 2016 [207]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:51.7 Alfa Romeo Stelvio Quadrifoglio (2018) Fabio Francia 2017 Alfa Romeo conducted test. Pirelli tyre. Equipped with OEM optional racing seat, harness and carbon-ceramic brakes. Equipped with roll cage.[208][209]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:51.8 Lamborghini Gallardo LP 560-4 Horst von Saurma 2008 Sport Auto (11/2008), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[210]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:52 Aston Martin V12 Vantage S Horst von Saurma 2014 Sport Auto (8/2014), Pirelli P Zero Corsa, eight-speed Sportshift III automatic.[211]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:52 BMW M4 Horst von Saurma 2014 Auto Motor & Sport Germany[212]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:52 Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren Klaus Ludwig 2004 Sport Auto, Michelin Pilot Sport 2.[213]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:52 Porsche Panamera Turbo S (970) Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (04/2012), PDK, Michelin Pilot Sport.[214]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:54 Mercedes-Benz CLK DTM AMG (W209, 2004) Marcus Schurig Sport Auto (03/2005), Dunlop SP Sport Super Race, five-speed AMG SPEEDSHIFT automatic.[215]
7:54 Nissan GT-R September 2008 Porsche conducted test, stock vehicle.[138]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:54 Porsche 911 GT3 (996) Horst von Saurma 2003 Sport Auto (6/2003), Michelin Pilot Sport N2.[216]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:54 Porsche 911 Turbo (997) Horst von Saurma 2007 Sport Auto (05/2007), Michelin Pilot Sport Cup N0.[217]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:54.36 Renault Mégane RS 275 Trophy-R Laurent Hurgon 16 June 2014 Test realised by Renault Sport[218]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:55 Mercedes-Benz E63 AMG S 4Matic Horst von Saurma 9/2013 Sport Auto (09/2013) [219]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:54 BMW F10 M5 Competition Horst von Saurma 2014 Sport Auto (12/2014)[220]
7:55 Caterham R500 Superlight Robert Nearn Evo Magazine (07/2000)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:55 Ferrari F430 F1 Horst von Saurma 2005 Sport Auto (01/2006), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[221]
7:56 Chevrolet Corvette C5 Z06 Dave Hill crossedflags.com[222]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:56 Porsche 911 Turbo (996) Horst von Saurma Sport Auto[223] Flying start ("fliegende Runde.")
7:56 Porsche Panamera Turbo Walter Röhrl Motor Trend (07/2009)[224]
7:56 Ferrari 360 Challenge Stradale F1 Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (02/2004), sport tyres.[225]
7:56.73 Honda NSX-R (NA2) Motoharu Kurosawa Best Motoring Video Special Vol. 55 "NA2 NSX-R" (2002), video confirmed
7:58 BMW M2 (F22) December 2015 Car Magazine (12/2015)[226]
7:58.4 SEAT LeónMk3 Cupra Jordi Gené March 2014 SEAT conducted test[227]
7:59 Chevrolet Corvette C6 Z51 Jan Magnussen 2005 General Motors conducted test
7:59 Cadillac CTS-V (2009) John Heinricy 9 May 2008 General Motors conducted test,[228] video confirmed[229]
7:59 Porsche 911 Carrera S (996) Walter Röhrl 'Wheels' magazine (06/2004), PASM setting "Performance"
7:59 Nissan Skyline GT-R R33 V-Spec Dirk Schoysman 1996 Best Motoring - Time Attack / Autocar magazine 97, stock[230]
7:59 Dodge Viper SRT-10 (2005) November 2005 Motor Trend
7:59.74 Porsche Cayenne Turbo S (958.2) Porsche conducted test[231]
8:01 Nissan Skyline GT-R R33 Motoharu Kurosawa Best Motoring - Video Special DVD Series, Prototype (weight/horsepower different from production car)
8:02 Mercedes-Benz CLK 63 AMG Black Series Auto Bild (07/2007)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:02 Aston Martin DBS Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (01/2009), Pirelli P Zero. [232]
8:03 Aston Martin V8 Vantage (2005) Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (10/2005)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:03 Jaguar XKR-S Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (03/2012), Pirelli P-Zero, six-speed automatic.[233]
8:03 Porsche 911 GT3 (996) Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (08/1999)
8:03.86 Honda NSX-R (NA1) Motoharu Kurosawa Best Motoring Video Special Vol. 25 "NA1 NSX-R" (1995), video confirmed
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:04 Lamborghini Diablo GT Horst von Saurma 2000 Sport Auto (07/2000), Pirelli P Zero.[234]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:04 Audi R8 4.2 FSI quattro Horst von Saurma 2007 Sport Auto (07/2007), Pirelli P Zero Corsa, manual.[235]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:04 Alfa Romeo 4C Horst von Saurma September 12, 2013 [236][237]
8:04 Porsche Cayman S Walter Röhrl Sport Auto, 19 inch wheels, ceramic brakes.
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:04 Porsche Boxster S (981) Horst von Saurma 2012 Sport Auto (07/2012), Pirelli P Zero, PDK, PCCB, PASM.[238]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:05 BMW M3 E92 Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (12/2007)[239]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:05 Mercedes-Benz CLK63 Black Series Horst von Saurma 2007 Sport Auto (03/2008), Pirelli P Zero Corsa.[240]
8:06 Subaru WRX STi Spec-C (2004) Motoharu Kurosawa Best Motoring Video 'NISMO Beast Unleashed'[241]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:06.29 Ford Focus RS (Mk III, 2016) Christian Gebhardt Sport Auto (1/2017).[242][243]
8:06.56 Honda NSX (NA1) Fredrik Sørlie September 2016 Kumho HU36, D2 coilovers[244]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:07 Ford Mustang GT Performance Pack Horst von Saurma 2015 Auto Zeitung[245][246]
8:07 BMW Z8 E52 Auto Bild (06/2001)
8:07.97 Renault Mégane RenaultSport 265 Trophy Laurent Hurgon June 17, 2011 Renault Sport conducted test, Bridgestone RE 050A (235/35 R19).[247][248]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:08.73 Porsche 911 Turbo 3.3 (964) Motoharu Kurosawa Best Motoring conducted test[249][250]
8:09 Audi RS4 Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (06/2006)[251]
8:09 BMW M6 E63 Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (12/2005), sport tyres, 259 km/h speed limiter.
8:09 Honda NSX-R Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (08/2002), sport tyres, suspension modification.[252]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:09 Lamborghini Diablo SV Horst von Saurma 1997 Sport Auto (/1997), Pirelli P Zero Asimmetrico.[253]
8:10 Porsche Boxster S (987) Porsche conducted test, reported by Süddeutsche Zeitung[254]
8:10 Dodge Viper GTS Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (10/1997)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:10 BMW Alpina B6 S Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (05/2008)[255]
8:11.16 Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX Takayuki Kinoshita Best Motoring Video 14. Wet conditions, not a true time attack.
8:12 BMW Z4 M Coupe Evo Magazine (Issue 093, page 077)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:13 BMW E60 M5 Horst von Saurma 2004 Sport Auto (12/2004)[256]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:13 Dodge Viper SRT-10 roadster (ZB) Horst von Saurma 2007 Sport Auto (2007), Michelin Pilot Sport.[257]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:13 Mercedes-Benz C63 AMG (W204) Horst von Saurma 2008 Sport Auto (02/2009), Michelin Pilot Sport 2, Performance Package (LSD, composite brakes, sport suspension).[258]
8:13 Porsche Cayenne Turbo (958) 2012 Porsche conducted test, air suspension, PDCC, no PASM.[259]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:14 Artega GT Horst von Saurma 2010 Sport Auto (12/2010), Continental Conti ForceContact, DSG, optional sport suspension.[260]
8:14 BMW Alpina B3 Biturbo Coupé Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (12/2008), optional LSD and 19 inch wheels.[261]
8:14 Range Rover Sport SVR (2015) May 2014 Range Rover conducted test.[262][263]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:15 BMW 1 Series M Coupé (E82) Horst von Saurma 2011 Sport Auto (07/2011), Michelin Pilot Sport.[264]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:15 Honda Civic Type R (FK2) Christian Gebhardt 2016 Sport Auto (04/2016), Continental Conti SportContact 6, manual.[265]
8:16.15 Honda NSX (NA1) Motoharu Kurosawa Best Motoring Video Special Vol. 15 "The Honda NSX" (1990), video confirmed
8:16.90 Renault Mégane RS R26.R Vincent Baylé 23 June 2008 Renault Sport conducted test, video confirmed [266]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:17 Porsche Cayman S (987, 2009) Horst von Saurma 2009 Sport Auto (12/2009), Bridgestone Potenza RE 050A N1, PDK, LSD, PASM, Sport Chrono options.[267]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:18 BMW M135i (F20, 2012) Horst von Saurma 2012 Sport Auto (01/2013), Michelin Pilot Super Sport, manual, Adaptive M suspension.[268]
8:18 Lexus IS-F Horst von Saurma 2009 Sport Auto (2009)[269]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:18 Porsche Boxster S (987, 2009) Horst von Saurma 2009 Sport Auto (12/2009), Bridgestone Potenza RE 050A N1, PDK, LSD, PASM, Sport Chrono options.[270]
8:18 Ferrari 355 Sport Auto (06/1997)[271]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:19.47 Holden VF SS Redline Ute Rob Trubiani April 2013 Holden Blog (04/2013)[272]
19,100 m (62,700 ft) 8:19.82 Subaru BRZ Fulvio Barozzini October 2016 BTG, Brakes and Tire modified.[273]
8:20 Chevrolet Camaro SS (2010) 2008 GM conducted test.[274]
8:22 Nissan Skyline GT-R R32 Motoharu Kurosawa Best Motoring Video Special DVD
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:22 BMW M3 E46 Horst von Saurma 2000 Sport Auto (12/2000), Michelin Pilot Sport.[275]
8:22 BMW M3 E36/8 Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (10/1998)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:22 Mercedes-Benz C55 AMG (W203) Horst von Saurma 2004 Sport Auto (7/2004), Pirelli P Zero Rosso.[276]
8:22.85 Chevrolet Cobalt SS/TC (2007) Motor Trend (10/2007)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:23 Porsche Boxster S (987, 2006) Horst von Saurma 2006 Sport Auto (04/2006), Michelin Pilot Sport 2 N1, manual, Sport Chrono, PASM.[277]
8:24 Cosworth Type 25 STI spec C (2010) Mark Chandler Sport Auto (2010), Sport tyres.
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:25 Lotus Exige S Horst von Saurma 2008 Sport Auto (06/2008)[278]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:25 Jaguar XKR Horst von Saurma 2006 Sport Auto (12/2006), Dunlop SP Sportmaxx, six-speed automatic.[279]
8:25 Audi RS4 Sean Moore
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:25 Porsche Cayman S (987) Horst von Saurma 2006 Sport Auto (11/2006), Michelin Pilot Sport 2 N1, PASM, Sport Chrono.[280]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:24 Mitsubishi Lancer Evo VI Horst von Saurma 1999 Sport Auto (11/1999), sport tyres.
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:25 Mitsubishi Lancer Evo VII Horst von Saurma 2002 Sport Auto (11/2002), Yokohama ADVAN.[281]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:26 Audi S5 Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (01/2008), Michelin Pilot Sport.[282]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:26 BMW 335i Coupé (E92) Horst von Saurma 2006 Sport Auto (10/2006), Bridgestone Potenza RE050A run-flat.[283]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:26 Ford Focus RS (Mk2) Horst von Saurma 2009 Sport Auto (08/2009), Continental Conti SportContact 3.[284]
8:26 Nissan 350Z Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (10/2003)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:28 Mini John Cooper Works Pro (F56) Christian Gebhardt 2017 Sport Auto (04/2017), Pirelli P Zero.[285][286]
8:28 Porsche 911 Carrera (993) Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (07/1997)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:29 Audi TTS Coupé Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (10/2008)[287]
8:30 Alfa Romeo Giulietta QV al Volante.it (04/2011)[288]
8:32 Porsche Boxster S Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (12/1999)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:35 BMW M3 E36 Horst von Saurma 1997 Sport Auto (03/1997), Michelin MXX3, SMG automatic.[289]
8:35.00 Ford Focus ST Patrick Bernhard 2005 Factory claimed.[290][291]
8:35 Opel Astra OPC 2.0T (240PS) Manuel Reuter Opel, 05
19,100 m (62,700 ft) 8:36 Volkswagen Golf Mk5 VW R32 MKV DSG RRRRpower 4 October 2009 BTG https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSnMcKdsfjg
8:38 Honda NSX Sport Auto (08/1997)
8:39 Honda S2000 Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (01/2000)
8:39 Mazda MAZDASPEED3 (Mazda3 MPS) Mark Ticehurst 2007 Mazda News (06/2007), Mazda Racing Driver, 10th lap.[292][293]
8:40 Chevrolet Corvette C5 Sport Auto (07/1997), automatic transmission.
8:42 Lotus Exige Mk1 Horst von Saurma Sport Auto (11/2000), Sport tyres.[294]
8:43 Hyundai Genesis Coupe 3.8L Dmitry Sokolov July 2011 TopGear Russia (2011), automatic transmission
19,100 m (62,700 ft) 8:43.3 SEAT León Cupra R Mk1 Øistein Helland 7 August 2010 BTG https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGwNecMZrtQ
8:43.52 Chevrolet HHR SS
8:47 Volkswagen Scirocco 2.0 TSI Bernt Bråten Andersen 15 November 2009 Minimalt.no
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:47 Honda Civic Type-R 2.0i LS Horst von Saurma 2001 Sport Auto (11/2001).[295]
8:47.99 Opel Corsa OPC Manuel Reuter 2007 Opel conducted test.[296]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:50 BMW M3 (E30) 2010 Sport Auto (9/2010)[297]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:53 Volkswagen Golf GTI (Mk5) Horst von Saurma 2005 Sport Auto (11/2005), Michelin Pilot Exalto, DSG.[298]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:54 Opel Corsa 1.6 Turbo OPC Horst von Saurma 2008 Sport Auto (04/2008), Continental Conti SportContact.[299]
8:54.38 Opel Zafira OPC Manuel Reuter
8:55 Range Rover Sport Supercharged (2010) Paul Wijgaertz 2009 Dynamic Adaptive Test - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SYyxYDWtyk
9:02 Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo John Heinricy October 2007 Wet Track[300]
19,100 m (62,700 ft) 9:09 Volkswagen Lupo GTI Daniel Schwerfeld 29 September 2002 BTG[301]
22,800 m (74,800 ft) 16:01 Trabant P50 Factory team of VEB Sachsenring April 1960 Production car with 20 bhp during the final stage of the international Hanseat-Rallye.[302]
Length Time Make Model Power/Weight Driver Date Source Notes
20,832 m (68,346 ft) 5:19.546 Porsche 919 Hybrid EVO 720 PS (530 kW; 710 hp) + 440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) / 849 kg (1,872 lb) dry Timo Bernhard 29 June 2018 [303][304][305] Modified LMP1-h (Le Mans prototype).
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:43.22 McLaren P1 XP1 LM Prototype 1,000 PS (735 kW; 986 hp) Kenny Bräck 27 April 2017 Road & Track[306] Modified by Lanzante Motorsport to meet road regulations. Car was without front number plate and therefore not road legal during the run.[307][308]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:45.50 Radical SR8 RX 430 PS (316 kW; 424 hp) / 680 kg (1,500 lb) Dry Pieter Verlinde 14 June 2018 Video [309] Unmodified production car without number plates on slicks.
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 6:45.90 NIO EP9 1,360 PS (1,000 kW; 1,341 hp) / 1,735 kg (3,825 lb) Peter Dumbreck 20 March 2017 [310][311] Lap record for an electric vehicle. NextEV-branded slicks.[312]
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 6:47.50 Pagani Zonda R 750 PS (552 kW; 740 hp) / 1,070 kg (2,360 lb) Dry Marc Basseng 29 June 2010 [313][314][315] Video[316]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:48.28 Radical SR8 LM Michael Vergers 19 August 2009 Dunlop Direzza DZ03 tyres. Purpose-built track car, modifications are available to get British Single Vehicle Approval, not registrable in Germany. Timed by Sport Auto, not a road legal production car lap according to them.[34][35][36][37][38][39][40]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:55 Radical SR8 Michael Vergers 28 September 2005 Dunlop Direzza DZ03 tyres. Purpose-built track car, modifications are available to get British Single Vehicle Approval, not registrable in Germany.[34][36][43] Timed by Sport Auto, not a road legal production car lap according to them.[44][45][46]
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 6:57.5 Subaru WRX STI Type RA NBR Special 600 bhp (447 kW; 608 PS) Richie Stanaway Jul 21, 2017 [317][318] Custom-built race car by Prodrive.
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 6:58.16 Ferrari 599XX 730 PS (537 kW; 720 hp) / 1,345 kg (2,965 lb) Dry Raffaele de Simone 21 April 2010 Ferrari.com[319][320]
20,600 m (12.8 mi) 7:03.06 Dodge Viper ACR-X 640 hp (477 kW; 649 PS) / 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) Dry February 2012 drivesrt.com,[321] Viper Club of America (video)
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 7:05.12 NIO EP9 1,360 PS (1,000 kW; 1,341 hp) / 1,735 kg (3,825 lb) Peter Dumbreck 14 October 2016 nio.io[322] video[323] NIO's first run in the Nürburgring taken in wet conditions.
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:09.59 Porsche 911 GT3 RS MR by Manthey Racing 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) / 1,420 kg (3,130 lb) Christian Gebhardt 2017 Sport Auto [324][325] Street-legal, Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 N0, magnesium wheels, KW Competition 3-way race suspension, 911 R diffusor.
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:15.63 Edo Competition Porsche 996 GT2 RS 670 hp (500 kW) Patrick Simon 4 August 2005 Sport Auto[326] Vehicle was tuned to produce 670bhp and 880Nm Torque by Edo Competition
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 7:22:00 Mygale M12-SJ-Ford Ecoboost 205 PS (151 kW; 202 hp) / 465 kg (1,025 lb) Nick Tandy 4 September 2012 Auto Express[327] Official Ford YouTube video Technical info of chassis. Car is a series produced Formula Ford racer converted for road use that including the addition of registration plates, wheel covers, front and rear lights, revised wing mirrors and a horn. The car was driven on road-legal tyres. Ford conducted test.
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 7:22.329 Toyota TMG EV P002 469 hp (350 kW) Jochen Krumbach 2 October 2012 Onboard lap video on YouTube Toyota Motorsport GmbH conducted test.[328]
20,600 m (12.8 mi) 7:22:80 BMW E46 CSL Loaded 540 PS (397 kW; 533 hp) / 1,385 kg (3,053 lb) Richard Göransson 11 November 2007 Caradvice.com.au.[329][330] Time was set on a non-exclusive public track day with other cars present. Car has been modified by Loaded to include a custom supercharger that puts out 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) more than the stock car's 360 PS (265 kW; 355 hp) 3.2L inline 6 BMW S54 engine. Car is road legal outside of North America.
7:37 Porsche 911 (Type 991) Carrera S Prototype 400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp) 2011 Car and Driver August 2011 Edition[331] Claimed by August Achleitner, 911 Series Manager, in Car & Driver August 2011 Edition. Time is for non-production, Prototype Porsche (Type 991) Carrera S in its "best configuration".
7:46 Jaguar XJ220 prototype John Nielsen 1991 A manual stopwatch in a promotional video by Jaguar was shown displaying this time. Not independently verified.[332][333][334] Car wasn't road legal.
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 7:49 Toyota Supra 606 bhp (452 kW; 614 PS) Herbert Schürg 1997 Video Option Vol.50 [335] Refer to link for modification details. Modified by Japanese automotive accessory company Blitz, it was claimed to be capable of 750 PS (552 kW; 740 hp) but ran on 606 bhp (452 kW; 614 PS) when time was recorded.
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 7:50 BMW X5 E53 LM BMW M70 S70B56 engine from a V12 LMR producing 700 bhp (522 kW; 710 PS) and 531 lb⋅ft (720 N⋅m) Hans-Joachim Stuck 2000 'EVO' magazine (08/2005)
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 7:50.63 Honda Civic Type R Prototype May 2014 Honda conducted test,[336] development car with technical specifications representative of the final production car. FWD car record, video confirmed.[337]
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 7:55 Subaru Impreza WRX STi Sedan (2011) Subaru EJ207 engine from a 2010 JDM Subaru Impreza WRX STi R205 with larger turbo producing 320 bhp (239 kW; 324 PS) Tommi Mäkinen 16 April 2010 Subaru conducted test. MY2011 prototype with non-production upgrades and modifications. Video confirmed.[338]
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 8:15 BMW Z4 M Roadster 2009 EVO magazine (Issue 093, page 077). Developmental car, not full production car. "...we cant resist asking what its lap time is and Richter, (Gerhard Richter, director of M GmbH) reveals that it's 8:15, but that time was set with a development car rather than the final, optimum, production-ready car."
20,600 m (67,600 ft) 8:19.8 BMW i8 by AC Schnitzer 170 kW (231 PS; 228 hp) + 96 kW (131 PS; 129 hp) / 1,560 kg (3,440 lb) 2017 [339] Bodykit with wing, 21" wheels, wider tyres, lowered suspension.
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 8:42.72 Electric Raceabout 300 kW (402 hp) / 1,720 kg (3,790 lb) Dry Ralf Kelleners September 2011 RaceAbout release Electric RaceAbout of Finland is road legal and registered prototype battery electric vehicle. Test was run by Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences using Nokian Z G2 high performance road tyres.[340] Time will also be verified and published by Sport Auto.
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 8:56.81 Chery Riich G5 2.0T Dirk Schoysman 13 October 2009 Chery.cn[341]/China Car Times[342]

YouTube Video [343]

 Chery conducted test. This modified car differs from the production model with added roll-cage, stripped out interior, upgraded brakes, rims and tyres. Not clear whether the engine had been tuned. Chery claimed that they have been the first Chinese auto maker that 'Conquered the Nürburgring (中国首驱，征服纽博格林！)'.
19,100 m (11.9 mi) 9:12 Jaguar S-Type Diesel Sabine Schmitz 21 November 2004 for TV show Top Gear 2004 Sabine Schmitz set this lap on her first try after telling Jeremy Clarkson that his time in the Jaguar of 9:59 was rubbish.
20,832 m (12.944 mi) 9:52 Mini E racer, Electric Thomas Jäger April 2010 Car magazine [344] This was the first time under ten minutes recorded by an electric car.
19,100 m (11.9 mi) 9:59 Jaguar S-Type Diesel Jeremy Clarkson 21 November 2004 Top Gear season 5 episode 5 21 November 2004 Clarkson was set a challenge to get a Jaguar S-Type 2.7 Diesel round the 'ring in under 10 minutes, and after getting shown around and getting advice from Sabine Schmitz, and quite a few attempts, he managed a 9:59. Sabine went on to say that she could do this lap time in a van. She completed the lap in the same car as Clarkson in 9:12.
19,100 m (11.9 mi) 10:08.49 Ford Transit Sabine Schmitz After telling Jeremy Clarkson that she could do his lap time in a van, Schmitz was set the same challenge as Clarkson, but in a Ford Transit. After a few attempts, she found this was impossible, so she had to strip some weight out of the van and have a Dodge Viper drive in front of it for slipstream. Vehicle had several parts removed and the draft vehicle in front of it for the 10:08 lap time. Top Gear Series 6, Episode 7. Originally aired 10 July 2005[345]

Competition

For the main article, see List of Nordschleife lap times (racing)

General Note: International motorsport sanctioning bodies used the 20.832 km Nordschleife variant in 1983 only.

Qualifying

Length Time Make Model Class Driver Date Source Notes
20,832 m 6:11.13 Porsche 956 Gr. C Stefan Bellof 28 May 1983 [346] Pole-position for 1983 1000k Sports Car race
20,832 m 6:16.85 Porsche 956 Gr. C Jochen Mass 28 May 1983 [347] Pole-position for 1983 1000k Sports Car race
22,835 m 6:58.6 Ferrari 312T F1 Niki Lauda 2 August 1975 [348][349] pole-position for 1975 German Grand Prix
22,835 m 7:06.5 McLaren M23–Ford F1 James Hunt 31 July 1976 [350] pole-position for 1976 German Grand Prix
22,835 m 7:08.59 Ford Capri Zakspeed Turbo Gr. 5 Klaus Niedzwiedz 4 July 1982 [351] Pole-pos Großer Preis der Tourenwagen
22,835 m 7:30.52 Ford Capri Zakspeed Turbo Gr. 5 Klaus Ludwig 30 March 1980 [352] pole-position for 1980 DRM race
22,835 m 7:31.7 Porsche 935 K3 Gr. 5 Klaus Ludwig 29 April 1979 [353] pole-position for 1979 Eifelrennen, DRM race
22,835 m 7:44.4 Ford Capri Zakspeed Turbo Gr. 5 Hans Heyer 29 April 1979 [353] Fastest Category II car of 1979 Eifelrennen, DRM race
22,835 m 7:45.44 BMW 320 Turbo Gr. 5 Hans-Joachim Stuck 30 March 1980 [352] Fastest Category II car of 1980 Eifelrennen, DRM race
22,835 m 7:42.1 Brabham BT26A-Ford F1 Jacky Ickx 3 August 1969 [351] pole 1969 German GP, fastest on original bumpy track
20,832 m 7:56.0 Jaguar XJS Gr. A Tom Walkinshaw 9 July 1983 [354] pole Großer Preis der Tourenwagen, European Touring Car Championship race
24,368 m 7:57.474 Audi R8 LMS Ultra SP9 GT3 Basseng Marc/Stippler Frank 30 September 2014 [355] Average speed 183.651 km/h. Pole position for 2014 VLN 37. RCM DMV Grenzlandrennen. Fastest qualifying lap on current Nürburgring VLN layout.
25,378 m 8:09.105 Porsche 911 GT3 R (991) SP9 GT3 Laurens Vanthoor 11 May 2018 [356] Average speed 186.792 km/h. Pole position for 2018 24 Hours Nürburgring race. Fastest qualifying lap on current Nürburgring 24h layout. Onboard video.[357]
25,378 m 8:10.921 McLaren MP4-12C GT3 SP9 GT3 Kévin Estre 20 June 2014 [358] Average speed 186.101 km/h. Pole position for 2014 24 Hours Nürburgring race. Video confirmed.[359]
22,810 m 9:43.1 Mercedes-Benz W154 GP Hermann Lang 24 July 1938 n/a pole-position for 1939 German Grand Prix
22,810 m 9:48.4 Mercedes-Benz W154 GP Manfred von Brauchitsch 23 July 1939 n/a pole-position for 1938 German Grand Prix

Racing

Length Time Make Model Class Driver Date Source Notes
20,832 m 6:25.91 Porsche 956 Gr. C Stefan Bellof 29 May 1983 [351] 1983 1000 km Nürburgring (did not finish (accident))
20,832 m 6:28.03 March Engineering 832-BMW F2 Christian Danner 24 April 1983 [351] 1983 Eifelrennen (193.272 km/h)
20,832 m 7:04 Porsche 996 Turbo Gr. A/GT Uwe Alzen/Arno Klasen 29 May 2003 [360] Castrol-Haugg-Cup 2003[361][362]
20,832 m 8:02.44 Jaguar XJS Gr. A Tom Walkinshaw 10 July 1983 [363] 1983 Großer Preis der Tourenwagen (155.449 km/h) (did not finish (gearbox))
22,835 m 7:06.4 Ferrari 312T F1 Clay Regazzoni 3 August 1975 [364][365] 1975 German Grand Prix
22,835 m 7:06.51 Maurer MM82-BMW F2 Stefan Bellof 25 April 1982 [351] F2 lap record in 1982 Eifelrennen
22,835 m 7:10.8 Tyrrell P34–Ford F1 Jody Scheckter 1 August 1976 [366] 1976 German Grand Prix
22,835 m 7:37.3 Porsche 935 K3 Gr. 5 Klaus Ludwig 29 April 1979 [353] 1979 Eifelrennen, DRM race (179.760 km/h)
22,835 m 7:46.3 Zakspeed Capri Turbo Gr. 5 Hans Heyer 29 April 1979 [353] 1979 Eifelrennen, DRM race (176.290 km/h)
22,835 m 7:56.21 Zakspeed Capri Turbo Gr. 5 Harald Ertl 30 March 1980 [352] 1980 DRM race (172.630 km/h)
22,835 m 7:43.8 Brabham BT26A-Ford F1 Jacky Ickx 3 August 1969 [351] 1969 German GP, lap record of original bumpy track with no safety features
24,369 m 7:59.045 BMW Z4 GT3 SP9 GT3 Jens Klingmann 2 August 2014 [367][368] VLN 37. RCM DMV Grenzlandrennen (183.049 km/h)
24,433 m 8:09.949 Porsche 996 Turbo Gr. A/GT Uwe Alzen/Jürgen Alzen 24 September 2005 [369] VLN 2005[370]
25,378 m 8:19.607 McLaren MP4-12C GT3 SP9 GT3 Kévin Estre/Peter Kox/Tim Mullen/Sascha Bert 21 June 2014 [371] 24 Hours Nürburgring 2014, Lap 38 (182.865 km/h)
25,359 m 8:22.088 BMW Z4 GT3 SP9 GT3 Maxime Martin/Andrea Piccini/Yelmer Buurman/Richard Göransson 20 May 2013 [372] 24 Hours Nürburgring 2013, Lap 84 driven by Maxime Martin, video confirmed[373]
25,359 m 8:36.768 Porsche 997 GT3-RSR SP7 Timo Bernhard/Marc Lieb/Romain Dumas/Marcel Tiemann 25 May 2009 [374] 24 Hours Nürburgring 2009, Lap 99, new distance record with 155 laps
25,378 m 8:43.367 Porsche 996 GT3-MR Gr. A/GT Lucas Luhr/Timo Bernhard/Mike Rockenfeller/ Marcel Tiemann 18 June 2006 [375] 24 Hours Nürburgring 2006
25,947 m 9:02.206 Dodge Viper GTS-R GT2/24h Peter Zakowski/Pedro Lamy/Robert Lechner 1 June 2003 [376] Fastest lap on longest possible track layout in 24 Hours Nürburgring. Team DQ'd for fuel tank size
22,810 m 10:09.1 Mercedes-Benz W154 GP Richard Seaman 24 July 1938 n/a 1938 German Grand Prix
22,810 m 10:24.2 Mercedes-Benz W154 GP Rudolf Caracciola 23 July 1939 n/a 1939 German Grand Prix

F1 testing

During the unofficial practice for the 1974 F1 Grand Prix, Niki Lauda drove a lap of 6:58.2 in his Ferrari 312B3. This is the all-time fastest lap on the classic Nürburgring before the rebuild, even faster than his 1975 qualifying time (6:58.6).[377][378]

On 28 April 2007, Nick Heidfeld drove a BMW Sauber F1.06 Formula One car around the Nordschleife, on a BMW publicity day in combination with a VLN 4h endurance race.[379] For safety reasons, BMW announced that the car was slowed with hard demonstration tyres, maximum ride height, and 275 km/h top speed limited by the transmission. Heidfeld drove three laps on the combined Nordschleife and short GP-track, as used in VLN races, with a track length of 24.433 km (so comparison with older records is difficult).

The official lap time released by BMW Sauber was declared to be 8:34 (thus ca. 30 seconds slower than the fastest Porsche 996 turbo in VLN). The German press duly reported this lap time, yet criticized BMW. In each lap, Heidfeld slowed down once to pose for a slow video truck, at Schwedenkreuz on the first lap 1, Kesselchen in lap 2, and Döttinger Höhe in the last lap. The two time spans in between the three passes of Heidfeld were clocked by some fans around the track, first Wehrseifen to Wehrseifen in about 7:28, then 7:22 from Klostertal to Klostertal, which is over 50 seconds quicker than the fastest current Porsche 997 GT3 RSR in VLN. This translates to an average of about 200 km/h (120 mph), similar to Bellof's record, but considering the slow GP section, Heidfeld probably was faster on the Nordschleife, close to 6 minutes. Fans who respect the official record of the late Stefan Bellof settle for an "estimated 6:12".

Road & Track magazine reported Heidfeld's lap was a 5:57 or 5:58 (for the Nordschleife only), breaking the track's six-minute barrier for the first time in history.[380] However, their times were done by measuring the speed in some corners, and then calculating a lap time, and not timing a full lap. Heidfeld has since expressed his desire to repeat the experience with less restriction.

According to formula one F1 Racing magazine of June 2006, BMW engineers had estimated that a BMW-Sauber F1.06 could lap in under 5:15.8[381] which equals to an average of 237 km/h (147 mph).

Motorcycles

Racing

Length Time Make Model Rider Date Source Notes
20,832 m 7:49.71 Honda RC30 Helmut Dähne 23 May 1993 [382][383][384] As motorcycle contests were discontinued after 1994, this remains the fastest officially timed motorcycle lap ever on the 20,832 m variant (159.7 km/h). Done in a single lap time trial run during Zuverlässigkeitsfahrt series on road legal VFR750R RC30 and Metzeler ME Z1 tyres.
22,835 m 8:22.2 Suzuki 500 Marco Lucchinelli 24 August 1980 [385][386][387] 1980 German motorcycle Grand Prix (163.6 km/h), fastest motorcycle lap even on 22,835 m variant, last Moto-GP held there
Length Time Make Model Rider Date Source Notes
19,100 m 7:10.0 Yamaha YZF-R1 Andy "AndyPath" Carlile n/a [388] Bridge to Gantry time set during touristenfahrten.
19,100 m 7:17.0 P3 Suzuki GSX-R600K7 Andy "AndyPath" Carlile n/a Fast Bikes Magazine March 2009 Road legal project. Built by Richard Vanags at P3 Unlimited for Fast Bikes Magazine. Based on a Suzuki GSXR 600K7.
19,100 m 7:21.8 MV Agusta F4 R 312 Andy "AndyPath" Carlile 15 Oct 2007 Performance Bikes Magazine January 2008 n/a
19,100 m 7:28.8 Yamaha YZF-R1 "The Baron" n/a Performance Bikes Magazine October 2007 n/a
7:32.1 Yamaha YZF-R1 Brendan Keirle n/a Sliders Guest House video lap Aug 2006 n/a
7:32.6 Aprilia RSV1000R Factory "The Baron" n/a Reported in PB Magazine August 2007 n/a
7:35.7 Suzuki GSX-R1000K7 Dale Lomas (Ex-Roadtest Editor of Performance Bikes Magazine) n/a [389] n/a
7:50 Suzuki GSX-R1000 vs Aprilia RSV1000R Fausto "Faustone" Severi & Helmut Dähne 2002 [390] n/a
Length Time Make Model Rider Date Source Notes
20,832 m 7:46.70 Suzuki GSXR 1000 Tim Rothig May 2008 [391]
20,832 m 7:50 Kawasaki ZX-10R (2011) Tim Rothig September 2011 Bridgestone Battlax R10.[392]

See also

References

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  359. ↑ "Doerr Motorsport 12C GT3 sets lap record at the Nurburgring 24 Hours". YouTube. 2014-09-21. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
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  361. ↑ Foto Archived October 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  362. ↑ Klasen/Alzen (bettered by 15-25 s during videotaped VLN races on 24.4 km track)
  363. ↑ "1983 ETCC - round 8". Touringcarracing.net. 1983-10-07. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
  364. ↑ Regazzoni, starting from third row (with 7:01,6), in lap 7, while on position 2, set a new lap record with (192.79 km/h) 7:06.4. This record will stand forever. (translated from German) p.102, Jörg-Thomas Födisch, Robert Ostrovsky: Grüne Hölle Nürburgring, 1995, ISBN 3-922300-53-7
  365. ↑ Lang, Mike (1983). Grand Prix! Vol 3. Haynes Publishing Group. p. 93. ISBN 0-85429-380-9.
  366. ↑ Lang, Mike (1983). Grand Prix! Vol 3. Haynes Publishing Group. p. 138. ISBN 0-85429-380-9.
  367. ↑ "VLN - Unter 8 Minuten! Klingmann knackt Rekord". Motorsport-Magazin.de. 2014-08-02. Retrieved 2014-09-30.
  368. ↑ "37. RCM DMV Grenzlandrennen - Ergebnis Gesamt". vln.de. 2014-08-02. Retrieved 2014-09-30.
  369. ↑ Sieg und neuer Rundenrekord für Alzen Motorsport "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  370. ↑ videotaped. Turbo engined discontinued due to rule changes. (179.526 km/h)
  371. ↑ "42. ADAC Zurich 24h-Rennen Nürburgring" (PDF). Adac.24h-rennen.de. 2014-06-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-30. Retrieved 2014-09-30.
  372. ↑ "41. ADAC Zurich 24h-Rennen Nürburgring" (PDF). Adac.24h-rennen.de. 2013-05-20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-10. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
  373. ↑ "Maxime Martin BMW Z4 GT3 24H Rennen Nurburgring 2013 - Flying Lap 8'22"05". YouTube. 2013-07-04. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
  374. ↑ "37. ADAC Zurich 24h-Rennen Nürburgring". Adac.24h-rennen.de. Archived from the original on 2009-06-11. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  375. ↑ "34. ADAC Zurich 24h-Rennen Nürburgring". Adac.24h-rennen.de. Archived from the original on 2008-08-03. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  376. ↑ "31. Int. ADAC ZÜRICH 24h-Rennen" (PDF). adac.24h-rennen.de. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-16. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
  377. ↑ Lang, Mike (1983). Grand Prix! Vol 3 (1974-1980). Haynes Publishing Group. ISBN 0-85429-380-9.
  378. ↑ Födisch, Jörg-Thomas (1996). Der Nürburgring - Daten, Fakten, Zahlen.
  379. ↑ Mike Frison. "Nürburgring & Nordschleife - von Mike Frison". 20832.com. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
  380. ↑ Hide Comments (2007-05-11). "Road & Track, Hidden Glory at the Green Hell, May 2007". Roadandtrack.com. Archived from the original on 2009-07-21. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  381. ↑ The layout includes 73 corners, and a simulation by BMW has today's BMW-Sauber F1.06 cutting the timing beam in 5m15.80s. - "Jacques at the Nürburgring", F1 Racing magazine, June 2006, p.83
  382. ↑ Foreword by Helmut Dähne, to Ulrich Thomson: Das Nürburgring Fahrer-Handbuch, 1997, ISBN 3-89365-533-6
  383. ↑ 7:49,71 - Der Ring. Der Dauerbrenner von Futura. Erleben Sie Helmut Dähne mit der Honda RC 30 auf seiner Rekordrunde auf der Nürburgring-Nordschleife. 7.49.71 die Rekordzeit, die bis zum heutigen Tage von keinem Motorradfahrer gebrochen wurde. Onboard-Video by Futura Video, reenacting the record setting ride
  384. ↑ "Dähne in his red-white leathers, doing a wheelie". Ring-freunde.de. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  385. ↑ p.108, Jörg-Thomas Födisch, Robert Ostrovsky: Grüne Hölle Nürburgring, 1995, ISBN 3-922300-53-7
  386. ↑ Nürburgring - Rekorde Archived January 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  387. ↑ Nürburgring - Rekorde Archived November 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  388. ↑ Parent Category: Nurburgring. "On-board video at". Bridgetogantry.com. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
  389. ↑ On-board video at BridgeToGantry.com Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  390. ↑ SuperWheels | during a SuperWheels's Pattuglia Acrobatica test
  391. ↑ "Nordschleife". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  392. ↑ "Autoblog". Autoblog. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
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