Porsche 991

Porsche 991
Porsche 911 (991) Turbo
Overview
Manufacturer Porsche AG
Also called Porsche 911
Porsche Carrera
Production 2011–present
Assembly Stuttgart, Germany
Designer Michael Mauer (2008)
Body and chassis
Class Sports car (S)
Body style
Layout Rear engine, rear wheel drive / all wheel drive
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 2,450 mm (96.5 in)
  • 2,457 mm (96.7 in) (GT3)
Length
  • 4,491 mm (176.8 in) (Carrera)
  • 4,506 mm (177.4 in) (Turbo)
  • 4,545 mm (178.9 in) (GT3)
Width
  • 1,808 mm (71.2 in) (Carrera)
  • 1,880 mm (74.0 in) (Turbo)
  • 1,852 mm (72.9 in) (GT3)
Height
  • 1,303 mm (51.3 in) (Carrera)
  • 1,296 mm (51.0 in) (Turbo)
  • 1,269 mm (50.0 in) (GT3)
Curb weight
  • 1,435 kg (3,164 lb) (Carrera)
  • 1,495 kg (3,296 lb) (Carrera S)
  • 1,554 kg (3,426 lb) (Carrera S Cabriolet)
  • 1,539 kg (3,393 lb) (Carrera 4S)
  • 1,646 kg (3,629 lb) (Targa 4S)
  • 1,605 kg (3,538 lb) (Turbo)
  • 1,627 kg (3,587 lb) (Turbo S)
  • 1,696 kg (3,739 lb) (Turbo S Cabriolet)
  • 1,485 kg (3,274 lb) (GTS)
  • 1,430 kg (3,150 lb) (GT3)
  • 1,420 kg (3,130 lb) (GT3 RS)
  • 1,470 kg (3,241 lb) (GT2 RS)
  • 1,380 kg (3,042 lb) (935)
Chronology
Predecessor Porsche 997

The Porsche 991 is the internal designation for the seventh generation of the Porsche 911 sports car, which was unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show on 15 September as the replacement for the 997. The 991 is an entirely new platform, only the third since the original 911 launched in 1963 (the 996 of 1999 was the second new platform).

Design

Porsche 911 (991) Carrera 4S Coupé
Porsche 911 (991) Targa 4

Compared to the 997, the 991 is slightly larger, with the wheelbase increased by 100 mm (3.9 in) to 2,450 mm (96.5 in), and the overall length up by 70 mm (2.8 in) to 4,490 mm (176.8 in).[1] A new transaxle was developed so that the rear wheels could be moved 76 mm (3 in) backward in relation to the position of the engine, which significantly improves the weight distribution and cornering performance of the car.[2][3]

Due to the use of high-strength steel, aluminium and some composites, the weight was reduced to 1,380 kg (3,042 lb) for the manual Carrera, rising to 1,605 kg (3,538 lb) for the all wheel drive Turbo model with PDK transmission (Porsche Doppelkupplung). PDK is available as an option for all 911 Carrera models as a 7-speed transmission, featuring manual and automatic modes. Gears 1 to 6 have a sports ratio and top speed is reached in 6th gear. 7th gear has a long ratio and helps to reduce fuel consumption by keeping engine revs low. The PDK is essentially two gearboxes merged into a single unit and thus requires two clutches. For all 991 models, the PDK is produced by ZF Friedrichshafen. The auto start/stop function is standard on all variants of the 911 Carrera.

First phase (2011–2016) (991)

911 Carrera and Carrera S (2011–2016)

2012 Porsche 911 Carrera S
Porsche 991 Carrera Convertible

Introduced at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show, the Carrera is equipped with a 3.4 litre boxer engine with direct fuel injection generating a maximum power output of 350 PS (257 kW; 345 hp) at 7,400 rpm and 390 N⋅m (288 lb⋅ft) of torque at 5,600 rpm. The Carrera S has a 3.8 litre engine generating a maximum power output of 400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp) at 7,400 rpm and 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) of torque at 5,600 rpm.

The convertible variant of the 991 was announced in both Carrera and Carrera S versions at the LA Motor Show in November 2011.[4]

In September 2012 at the Paris Motor Show, the all-wheel-drive variants – the Carrera 4 and 4S, were added to the 991 line-up.

911 Carrera GTS (2014–2015)

Introduced in November 2014 at the LA Motor Show, the 991 Carrera GTS sits between the Carrera S and GT3. Base options included with purchase: power output of 430 PS (316 kW; 424 hp), Sport Chrono Package, Sport Exhaust System, Dynamic Engine Mounts, 10 mm lowered suspension, Porsche Torque Vectoring (PTM) system, LED daytime running lights with Porsche Dynamic Lighting System (PDLS), Sport Design Front Spoiler, Sport Design Side Mirrors, GTS badging, and 20-inch Centerlock wheels. When optioned with PDK, acceleration from 0–97 km/h (0–60 mph) is achieved consistently at 3.8 seconds with the help of Launch Control.

911 Targa 4 and 4S (2014–2015)

Porsche 911 Targa 4S

At the Detroit Motor Show in January 2014, Porsche introduced the Targa 4 and Targa 4S models. These new derivatives come equipped with an all-new roof technology with the original targa design, now with an electronically operated soft top along with the original B-pillar and the glass 'dome' at the rear.

On January 12, 2015, Porsche announced the 911 Targa GTS at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Similar in appearance to the existing Targa 4 and 4S models, the GTS added the 430 PS (316 kW; 424 bhp) engine plus several otherwise optional features.[5]

911 GT3 (2013–2015)

Porsche 911 GT3

The GT3 variant was added to the 991 line up at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show equipped with Porsche's new active rear wheel steering. The system is claimed to provide higher lateral dynamics than previously available by the manufacturer. Car speed inputs determine whether the rear wheels steer in the same or opposite direction of the front wheels. It is the first GT3 model to be offered only with an automatic transmission.

At the start of 2014, deliveries of the GT3 were halted following two incidents of the car catching fire.[6] A subsequent recall to replace the engines of all 785 cars manufactured at that time was announced in March 2014 before production of the GT3 would restart.[7]

911 GT3 RS (2015–2016)

Porsche 911 (991) GT3 RS

Porsche launched the RS version of the 991 GT3 at the Geneva Motor Show in 2015.[8] Compared to the 991 GT3, the front fenders are now equipped with louvers above the wheels and the rear fenders now include intakes taken from the 911 Turbo, rather than an intake below the rear wing. The roof is made from magnesium. The interior includes full bucket seats (based on the carbon seats of the 918 Spyder), carbon-fibre inserts, lightweight door handles and the Club Sport Package as standard (a bolted-on roll cage behind the front seats, preparation for a battery master switch, and a six-point safety harness for the driver and fire extinguisher with mounting bracket).

The 3.8-litre unit found in the 991 GT3 is replaced with a 4.0-litre unit with generating a maximum power output of 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) and 339 lb⋅ft (460 N⋅m) of torque. The transmission is PDK only. The car is able to accelerate from 0-100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.3 seconds (0.6 seconds quicker than the 997 GT3 RS 4.0) and to 200 km/h (0–124 mph) in 10.9 seconds. The 991 GT3 RS also comes with functions such as declutching by "paddle neutral" — comparable to pressing the clutch with a conventional manual gearbox – and a Pit Speed limiter button. As with the 991 GT3, there is rear-axle steering and Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus system with fully variable rear axle differential lock.

911 R (2016)

Porsche 911 R

Unveiled at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show on March 1, the 911 R shares most of its underpinnings with the GT3 RS, but does not include the roll cage, rear wing, and associated bodywork for a weight saving of 50 kg (110 lb). The 911 R comes only with a 6-speed manual transmission, and has a top speed of 323 km/h (201 mph) due to a lower drag coefficient as compared to the GT3 RS. It also offers additional options including a lighter flywheel and removal of the air conditioning and audio systems. Production was limited to 991 examples, as a 2016 model.[9]

911 Turbo and Turbo S (2013–2015)

Porsche 911 Turbo
Porsche 911 Turbo S

Introduced in May 2013, the 991 Turbo has a twin-turbocharged 3.8-litre flat-6 engine generating 520 PS (382 kW; 513 hp) and 620 N⋅m (457 lb⋅ft) of torque.[10] The S version has an upgraded version of the engine generating a maximum power output of 560 PS (412 kW; 552 hp) and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) of torque, but the torque is pushed to 750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) with overboost function. Both of the versions have all-wheel drive and a seven-speed dual clutch sequential transmission. The Turbo S can reach 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.1 seconds as claimed by Porsche but has achieved 2.6 seconds by many car magazine tests.[11][12] New technologies featuring adaptive aerodynamics and rear wheel steering are included as standard.

The Turbo Cabriolet and the Turbo S Cabriolet were added to the 991 lineage at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show.[13]

Engines

ModelEngine (displacement)PowerTorque
Carrera3,436 cc (3.4 L)350 PS (257 kW; 345 hp) at 7,400 rpm390 N⋅m (288 lb⋅ft) at 5,600 rpm
Carrera S3,800 cc (3.8 L)400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp) at 7,400 rpm440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) at 5,600 rpm
Carrera GTS/S (Powerkit)3,800 cc (3.8 L)430 PS (316 kW; 424 hp) at 7,400 rpm440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) at 5,600 rpm
GT33,799 cc (3.8 L)475 PS (349 kW; 469 hp) at 8,250 rpm440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) at 6,250 rpm
GT3 RS4,000 cc (4.0 L)500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) at 8,250rpm460 N⋅m (339 lb⋅ft) at 6,250 rpm
911 R4,000 cc (4.0 L)500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) at 8,250rpm460 N⋅m (339 lb⋅ft) at 6,250 rpm
Turbo3,800 cc (3.8 L)520 PS (382 kW; 513 hp) at 6,000 rpm660 N⋅m (487 lb⋅ft) at 1,950 rpm (710 N⋅m (524 lb⋅ft) overboost)
Turbo S3,800 cc (3.8 L)560 PS (412 kW; 552 hp) at 6,500 rpm700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) at 2,100 rpm (750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) overboost)

Performance

ModelTransmissionTop speedAcceleration (0–100 km/h)Emissions CO2
Carrera7-speed manual289 km/h (180 mph)4.8 seconds211 g/km
Carrera7-speed PDK287 km/h (178 mph)4.6 seconds191 g/km
Carrera (sc)7-speed PDK287 km/h (178 mph)4.4 seconds191 g/km
Carrera S7-speed manual304 km/h (189 mph)4.5 seconds223 g/km
Carrera S7-speed PDK302 km/h (188 mph)4.3 seconds202 g/km
Carrera S (sc)7-speed PDK302 km/h (188 mph)4.1 seconds202 g/km
Carrera S (sc/pk)7-speed PDK308 km/h (191 mph)4.0 seconds205 g/km
GT37-speed PDK315 km/h (196 mph)3.5 seconds289 g/km
GT3 RS7-speed PDK315 km/h (196 mph)3.3 seconds296 g/km
911 R6-speed manual323 km/h (201 mph)3.8 seconds308 g/km
Turbo7-speed PDK315 km/h (196 mph)3.4 seconds227 g/km
Turbo (sc)7-speed PDK315 km/h (196 mph)3.2 seconds227 g/km
Turbo S7-speed PDK318 km/h (198 mph)3.1 seconds227 g/km

PDK = Porsche Double Kupplung (SC) = Sport Chrono (PK) = Powerkit

Second phase (2016–present) (991.2)

Following an introduction at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show, the 991 was received a mid-cycle facelift for the 2017 model year. The updated Porsche 911 (at Porsche internally referred to as 991.2 or 991 II) introduced new styling including updated front and rear bumpers, new dual exhaust pipes along with new head and tail lights and options, along with all new, 3.0-litre twin-turbocharged flat-six engines across the range.

This was the first time the standard Carrera models had adopted turbocharged engines rather than naturally aspirated ones, which were initially criticised for lacking the engine sound that previous non-turbocharged variations had. This criticism quickly dissipated as it became apparent the 991.2 offered a substantial step up in performance and feel over the preceding model.

911 Carrera and Carrera S (2016–2019)

Porsche 991 Carrera Convertible
2015 Porsche 911 Carrera 4S Coupé

Initially from December 2015, available models were the coupé and cabriolet versions of Carrera and Carrera S. The all-wheel drive versions Carrera 4 and 4S were unveiled in October 2015.

911 Carrera T (2017–present)

Porsche 911 (991) Carrera T

In October 2017, Porsche announced the 911 Carrera T (Touring), offering the base Carrera drivetrain but with shorter rear axle ratio, mechanical differential lock, PASM Sport lowered suspension, Sport Chrono package and sports exhaust as standard. Additional features include a reduced sound insulation, light-weight glass side/rear windows, Sport-Tex seats, a shortened shift lever, deletion of the rear seats and communication system (with their re-addition available as a no-cost option), Carrera S wheels, as well as optional rear-wheel steering, PDK transmission and bucket seats.[14]

911 Targa 4 and 4S (2016–2019)

Porsche 911 (991) Targa 4S

The Targa 4 and 4S were unveiled in October 2015. The Targa 4S includes an upgraded 3.0-litre twin-turbocharged flat-6 engine generating a maximum power output of 420 PS (309 kW; 414 hp) and 499 N⋅m (368 lb⋅ft) of torque.

911 Carrera/Targa 4 GTS (2017–present)

Porsche 911 Targa 4 GTS

In January 2017, five new GTS versions (RWD coupé and cabriolet as well as AWD coupé, cabriolet and Targa) were launched.[15]

911 GT3 and GT3 Touring Package (2017–present)

Porsche 911 GT3 Touring
Porsche 911 GT3

The 2017 GT3 was unveiled has a 4.0-litre flat-six engine, aerodynamic upgrades, and an optional 6-speed manual gearbox (absent on the 991.1-phase GT3). The 911 GT3 followed in September 2017, with a manual transmission and without a fixed rear wing.[16]

911 GT3 RS (2018–present)

Porsche 911 GT3 RS

In February 2018, Porsche unveiled the new GT3 RS, available with optional Weissach package with the official unveiling taking place at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show.[17]

911 GT2 RS (2018–present)

Porsche 911 GT2 RS

The 911 GT2 RS was officially launched by Porsche at the 2017 Goodwood Festival of Speed along with the introduction of the 911 Turbo S Exclusive Series. It is powered by a 3.8 L twin-turbocharged flat-6 engine generating a maximum power of 700 PS (515 kW; 690 hp) at 7,000 rpm and 750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) of torque, giving the car a power to weight ratio of 2.1 kg (4.63 lb) per horsepower and making it the most powerful 911 ever built. A Weissach package option is available.[18]

In late September 2017, the GT2 RS set a 6:47.3 lap time around the Nürburgring, which made it the fastest Porsche 911 lap time recorded on the track at the time.[19]

911 Turbo, Turbo S and Turbo S Exclusive Series (2016present)

In December 2015, Turbo and Turbo S versions were launched. In June 2017, the Turbo S Exclusive Series with powerkit and CFRP body panels was launched, limited to 500 units. Braided carbon-fibre wheels are available as option.[20][21]

935

At the Porsche Rennsport Reunion VI held in September 2018, Porsche unveiled a limited edition track-only special paying homage to the legendary 935 race car. Based on the GT2 RS, the new 935 is designed to look like the 935/78, better known as the "Moby Dick" and features carbon fibre body work and an elongated "whale tail" rear section giving the car a total length of 4,865 mm (191.5 in) and width of 2,034 mm (80.1 in), making the car larger in terms of dimensions than the donor car. Wheelbase has been increased to 4,457 mm (175.5 in). Other changes include a large 1,909 mm (75.2 in) wide and 400 mm (15.7 in) deep rear wing, LED headlights mounted in the lower air intakes beneath the "flatnose" front body work, "turbine aero" wheels, the carbon-fibre racing steering wheel from the 911 GT3 R, adjustable wing mirrors from the 911 RSR, a full roll-cage in the interior, a racing bucket seat from RECARO with six-point racing harness, a lightweight lithium ion battery, a 115-litre FIA FT3-approved safety fuel cell with fuel cut-off safety valve, a fire extinguisher and an air jack system. With the changes and additions the car weighs in at a total of 1,380 kg (3,042 lb).

The 3.8-litre twin-turbocharged flat-six engine as used on the GT2 RS is untouched and generates 700 PS (515 kW; 690 hp). Power is sent to the rear wheels via a 7-speed dual clutch transmission with dual mass flywheel. The car retains ABS and Porsche Electronic Stability Management System including a full defeat mode. Unlike most racing cars air conditioning is standard-equipment. A passenger seat as well as a Martini sponsor-livery inspired by the original 935/78 are available as an option.

Production for the track-only car aimed at clubsport events and private training on racetracks has been announced as limited to 77 examples, with deliveries starting in June 2019.[22][23]

Speedster

Porsche 911 Speedster Concept

At the 2018 Paris Motor Show held in October on the occasion of the 70th anniversary celebration of the marque, Porsche unveiled the speedster variant of the 991 generation for the 911. Utilising the chassis of the GT3 and the body shell of the Carrera 4 Cabriolet, the speedster includes the GT3's 4.0-litre naturally aspirated Flat-6 engine generating a maximum power output of 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) and having a red-line of 9,000 rpm coupled with a 6-speed manual transmission and titanium exhaust system. The car also features the signature "hump" shaped double bubble roof cover along with a shorter windshield frame, side window glass and the analogue roof folding mechanism retaining the "Talbot" wing mirrors and the central fuel cap from the 911 Speedster concept unveiled earlier at the Goodwood Festival of Speed harking back to its use on the 356 Speedster. Other highlights include a leather interior with perforated seats, red tinted day time running lights, carbon fibre fenders, engine cover and hood and stone guards. Production will be limited to 1,948 units in honour of the year in which the 356 "Number 1" gained its operating license.[24]

Engines

ModelEngine (displacement)PowerTorque
Carrera2,981 cc (3.0 L)370 PS (272 kW; 365 hp) at 6,500 rpm450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) at 1,700 – 5,000 rpm
Carrera S2,981 cc (3.0 L)420 PS (309 kW; 414 hp) at 6,500 rpm500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 1,700 – 5,000 rpm
GTS2,981 cc (3.0 L)450 PS (331 kW; 444 hp) at 6,500 rpm550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) at 2,150 – 5,000 rpm
GT33,996 cc (4.0 L)500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) at 8,250 rpm460 N⋅m (339 lb⋅ft) at 6,000 rpm
GT3 RS3,996 cc (4.0 L)520 PS (382 kW; 513 hp) at 8,250 rpm470 N⋅m (347 lb⋅ft) at 6,000 rpm
Turbo3,800 cc (3.8 L)540 PS (397 kW; 533 hp) at 6,400 rpm660 N⋅m (487 lb⋅ft) at 1,950 – 5,000 rpm (710 N⋅m (524 lb⋅ft) overboost)
Turbo S3,800 cc (3.8 L)580 PS (427 kW; 572 hp) at 6,750 rpm700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) at 2,100 – 4,250 rpm (750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) overboost)
Turbo S Exclusive Series3,800 cc (3.8 L)607 PS (446 kW; 599 hp) at 6,750 rpm750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) at 2,250 – 4,000 rpm
GT2 RS3,800 cc (3.8 L)700 PS (515 kW; 690 hp) at 7,000 rpm750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 – 4,500 rpm
9353,800 cc (3.8 L)700 PS (515 kW; 690 hp) at 7,000 rpm750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 – 4,500 rpm
Speedster3,996 cc (4.0 L)500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) at 8,250 rpm460 N⋅m (339 lb⋅ft) at 6,000 rpm

Performance

ModelTransmissionTop speedAcceleration
(0–100 km/h (62 mph))
Emissions CO2
Carrera7-speed manual295 km/h (183 mph)4.6 seconds190 g/km
Carrera7-speed PDK293 km/h (182 mph)4.4 seconds169 g/km
Carrera Cabriolet7-speed manual292 km/h (181 mph)4.8 seconds195 g/km
Carrera Cabriolet7-speed PDK290 km/h (180 mph)4.6 seconds172 g/km
Carrera T7-speed manual293 km/h (182 mph)4.5 seconds215 g/km
Carrera T7-speed PDK291 km/h (181 mph)4.2 seconds193 g/km
Carrera S7-speed manual308 km/h (191 mph)4.3 seconds199 g/km
Carrera S7-speed PDK306 km/h (190 mph)4.1 seconds174 g/km
Carrera S Cabriolet7-speed manual306 km/h (190 mph)4.5 seconds202 g/km
Carrera S Cabriolet7-speed PDK304 km/h (189 mph)4.3 seconds178 g/km
Carrera 47-speed manual292 km/h (181 mph)4.5 seconds201 g/km
Carrera 47-speed PDK290 km/h (180 mph)4.3 seconds177 g/km
Carrera 4 Cabriolet7-speed manual289 km/h (180 mph)4.7 seconds206 g/km
Carrera 4 Cabriolet7-speed PDK287 km/h (178 mph)4.5 seconds182 g/km
Carrera 4S7-speed manual305 km/h (190 mph)4.2 seconds204 g/km
Carrera 4S7-speed PDK303 km/h (188 mph)4.0 seconds180 g/km
Carrera 4S Cabriolet7-speed manual303 km/h (188 mph)4.4 seconds208 g/km
Carrera 4S Cabriolet7-speed PDK301 km/h (187 mph)4.2 seconds184 g/km
Carrera GTS7-speed manual312 km/h (194 mph)4.1 seconds212 g/km
Carrera GTS Cabriolet7-speed manual310 km/h (193 mph)4.1 seconds214 g/km
Carrera 4 GTS7-speed manual310 km/h (193 mph)4.0 seconds216 g/km
Carrera 4 GTS Cabriolet7-speed manual308 km/h (191 mph)4.1 seconds220 g/km
Targa 47-speed manual289 km/h (180 mph)4.7 seconds206 g/km
Targa 4S7-speed manual303 km/h (188 mph)4.4 seconds208 g/km
Targa 4 GTS7-speed manual308 km/h (191 mph)4.1 seconds220 g/km
GT3 Touring6-speed manual316 km/h (196 mph)3.9 seconds303 g/km
GT36-speed manual320 km/h (199 mph)3.9 sec290 g/km
GT37-speed PDK318 km/h (198 mph)3.4 sec288 g/km
GT3 RS7-speed PDK312 km/h (194 mph)3.2 seconds291 g/km
Turbo7-speed PDK320 km/h (199 mph)3.0 seconds212 g/km
Turbo Cabriolet7-speed PDK320 km/h (199 mph)3.1 seconds216 g/km
Turbo S7-speed PDK 330 km/h (205 mph)2.9 seconds212 g/km
Turbo S Cabriolet7-speed PDK330 km/h (205 mph)3.0 seconds216 g/km
Turbo S Exclusive Series7-speed PDK330 km/h (205 mph)2.9 seconds212 g/km
GT2 RS7-speed PDK340 km/h (211 mph)2.8 seconds269 g/km

[25]

Awards

The Porsche 991 was titled World Performance Car 2012 shortly after famed Porsche designer Ferdinand Alexander Porsche died.[26][27] The GT3 was awarded the title of World Performance Car Of The Year in 2014.[28][29]

References

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