Miss Universe 2008

Miss Universe 2008
Date 14 July 2008[lower-alpha 1]
Presenters Jerry Springer, Mel B
Entertainment Lady Gaga
Venue Crown Convention Center, Nha Trang, Vietnam
Broadcaster NBC, Telemundo (international)
VTV (official broadcaster)
Entrants 80
Placements 15
Debuts Kosovo
Withdrawals
Returns
Winner Dayana Mendoza
 Venezuela
Congeniality Rebeca Moreno
 El Salvador
Best National Costume Gavintra Photijak
 Thailand

Miss Universe 2008, the 57th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 14 July 2008 at the Crown Convention Center in Nha Trang, Vietnam. Dayana Mendoza of Venezuela was crowned by Riyo Mori of Japan as her successor at the end of the event. 80 contestants competed in this year[1] which was broadcast and distributed globally via NBC in English and Telemundo in Spanish to TV outlets in more than 180 countries. The pageant was watched by a live audience of 7,500 and nearly a billion television viewers worldwide.[2]

This is the first major US-based television production to take place in Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War. This is also the first time that the Miss Universe pageant was broadcast in 1080i High-definition. This pageant was held in a contemporary Communist state for the first time as well.

The final presentation show was on 8 July, the dress rehearsal on 13 July, and the live telecast on 14 July. Most activities were held successively in Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), Hanoi, Danang, Hoi An, Ha Long and finally Nha Trang.

Jerry Springer, tabloid talk show host and host of NBC's America's Got Talent, and Melanie Brown, a.k.a. "Scary Spice", member of the UK pop group Spice Girls and host of TLC's The Singing Office, presented this year's competition.

Results

Countries and territories which sent delegates and results for Miss Universe 2008
Crown Convention Center, Nha Trang, venue for Miss Universe 2008
Top 5 at Miss Universe 2008

Placements

Final results Contestant
Miss Universe 2008
1st Runner-up
2nd Runner-up
3rd Runner-up
4th Runner-up
Top 10
Top 15

Contestants

Miss Universe 2008 Contestants with National Costume
Country/TerritoryContestantAgeHeightHometown
Albania AlbaniaMatilda Mecini191.79 m (5 ft 10 in)Tirana
Angola AngolaLesliana Pereira[3]201.75 m (5 ft 9 in)M'banza-Kongo
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua & BarbudaAthina James181.80 m (5 ft 11 in)St. John's
Argentina ArgentinaMaria Silvana Belli191.76 m (5 ft 9 in)Villa Krause
Aruba ArubaTracey Nicolaas[4]201.79 m (5 ft 10 in)Oranjestad
Australia AustraliaLaura Dundovic[5]211.81 m (5 ft 11 in)Sydney
The Bahamas BahamasSacha Scott[6]191.65 m (5 ft 5 in)Nassau
Belgium BelgiumAlizée Poulicek[7]211.76 m (5 ft 9 in)Huy
Bolivia BoliviaKatherine David[8]191.79 m (5 ft 10 in)San Ignacio de Velasco
Brazil BrazilNatálya Anderle[9]221.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Encantado
Canada CanadaSamantha Tajik[10]261.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Richmond Hill
Cayman Islands Cayman IslandsRebecca Parchment[11]261.78 m (5 ft 10 in)West Bay
China ChinaZiya Wei[12]251.79 m (5 ft 10 in)Chongqing
Colombia ColombiaTaliana Vargas[13]201.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Santa Marta
Costa Rica Costa RicaMaría Teresa Rodríguez[9]211.68 m (5 ft 6 in)Alajuela
Croatia CroatiaSnježana Lončarević[14]241.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Zagreb
Curaçao CuraçaoJenyfeer Mercelina[15]191.68 m (5 ft 6 in)Willemstad
Cyprus CyprusDimitra Sergiou[16][17]231.83 m (6 ft 0 in)Limassol
Czech Republic Czech RepublicEliška Bučková[18]181.79 m (5 ft 10 in)Strážnice
Denmark DenmarkMarie-Sten Knudsen181.82 m (6 ft 0 in)Copenhagen
Dominican Republic Dominican RepublicMarianne Cruz231.82 m (6 ft 0 in)Salcedo
Ecuador EcuadorDomenica Saporitti[19]191.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Guayaquil
Egypt EgyptYara Naoum[20][21]221.74 m (5 ft 9 in)Cairo
El Salvador El SalvadorRebeca Moreno[22]221.60 m (5 ft 3 in)San Salvador
Estonia EstoniaJulia Kovaljova221.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Tallinn
Finland FinlandSatu Tuomisto[23]211.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Akaa
France FranceLaura Tanguy[24]201.76 m (5 ft 9 in)Ecouflant
Georgia (country) GeorgiaGvantsa Daraselia181.74 m (5 ft 9 in)Tbilisi
Germany GermanyMadina Taher[25]211.79 m (5 ft 10 in)Elmshorn
Ghana GhanaYvette Nsiah[26]211.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Accra
Greece GreeceDionissia Koukiou[27]221.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Athens
Guam GuamSiera Robertson[28]181.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Yona
Guatemala GuatemalaJennifer Chiong[29]251.68 m (5 ft 6 in)Quetzaltenango
Honduras HondurasDiana Gabriela Barrasa[30]221.79 m (5 ft 10 in)Tegucigalpa
Hungary HungaryJázmin Dammak[31]241.73 m (5 ft 8 in)Budapest
India IndiaSimran Kaur Mundi[32]221.79 m (5 ft 10 in)Mumbai
Indonesia IndonesiaPutri Raemawasti[33]211.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Blitar
Republic of Ireland IrelandLynn Kelly[34]201.77 m (5 ft 10 in)Dublin
Israel IsraelShunit Faragi[35]211.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Kiryat Tiv'on
Italy ItalyClaudia Ferraris[36]191.74 m (5 ft 9 in)Bergamo
Jamaica JamaicaApril Jackson[9]191.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Ocho Ríos
Japan JapanHiroko Mima[37]211.73 m (5 ft 8 in)Tokushima
Kazakhstan KazakhstanAlfina Nassyrova[38]201.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Almaty
South Korea KoreaSun Lee[39]251.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Seoul
Kosovo KosovoZana Krasniqi[40][41]191.72 m (5 ft 8 in)Prishtina
Malaysia MalaysiaLevy Li Sun Lim[42]201.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Terengganu
Mauritius MauritiusOlivia Carey[43]191.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Vacoas
Mexico MexicoElisa Nájera[44]211.85 m (6 ft 1 in)Celaya
Montenegro MontenegroDaša Živković[45]191.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Nikšić
Netherlands NetherlandsCharlotte Labee[46]221.82 m (6 ft 0 in)Den Haag
New Zealand New ZealandSamantha Powell[47]211.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Paraparaumu
Nicaragua NicaraguaThelma Rodríguez[48]191.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Chinandega
Nigeria NigeriaStephanie Oforka[49]201.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Port Harcourt
Norway NorwayMariann Birkedal[50]211.73 m (5 ft 8 in)Stavanger
Panama PanamaCarolina Dementiev Justavino[51]191.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Panama City
Paraguay ParaguayGiannina Rufinelli[52]221.71 m (5 ft 7 in)Luque
Peru PeruKarol Castillo †[53]181.83 m (6 ft 0 in)Trujillo
Philippines PhilippinesJennifer Tarol Barrientos[54]221.73 m (5 ft 8 in)San Mateo
Poland PolandBarbara Tatara[55]241.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Łódź
Puerto Rico Puerto RicoIngrid Marie Rivera[56]241.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Dorado
Russia RussiaVera Krasova[57]201.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Moscow
Serbia SerbiaBojana Borić211.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Sremska Mitrovica
Singapore SingaporeShenise Wong[58]261.73 m (5 ft 8 in)Singapore
Slovakia Slovak RepublicSandra Manáková[59]201.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Bratislava
Slovenia SloveniaAnamarija Avbelj[60]201.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Lukovica
South Africa South AfricaTansey Coetzee[61]231.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Johannesburg
Spain SpainClaudia Moro[62]221.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Madrid
Sri Lanka Sri LankaAruni Rajapaksha241.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Kandy
Switzerland SwitzerlandAmanda Ammann[63]211.71 m (5 ft 7 in)Abtwil
Tanzania TanzaniaAmanda Ole Sululu[64]211.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Arusha
Thailand ThailandGavintra Photijak[51]211.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Nongkhai
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad & TobagoAnya Ayoung-Chee[65]261.73 m (5 ft 8 in)Maraval
Turkey TurkeySinem Sülün[66]191.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Istanbul
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks & CaicosAngelica Lightbourne[67]191.67 m (5 ft 6 in)Providenciales
United Kingdom UKLisa Lazarus[68]201.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Swansea
Ukraine UkraineEleonora Masalab[69]191.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Kharkiv
Uruguay UruguayPaula Díaz[70]191.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Ciudad de la Costa
United States United StatesCrystle Stewart[71]261.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Missouri City
Venezuela VenezuelaDayana Mendoza[72]221.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Caracas
Vietnam VietnamNguyen Thuy Lam[73]201.68 m (5 ft 6 in)Thái Bình

Notes

Debuts

Returns

  • Last competed in 2000:[74]
    •  Guam
  • Last competed in 2005:
    •  Netherlands
    •  Vietnam
  • Last competed in 2006:
    •  Cayman Islands
    •  Ghana
    •  Ireland
    •  Sri Lanka
    •  Trinidad & Tobago
    •  Turkey
    •  United Kingdom

Withdrawals

  •  Barbados
  •  Belize
  •  Bulgaria
  •  Guyana
  •  Lebanon
  •  St. Lucia
  •  US Virgin Islands
  •  Zambia

Replacements

  •  France – Laura Tanguy, Miss Pays de Loire and second runner up to Miss France 2008, replaced Valérie Bègue, who was banned by Miss France organization after suggestive photos appeared in the media shortly after her crowning.[75] Her first runner-up, Miss New Caledonia Vahinerii Requillart, decided to not compete in Miss Universe because she wanted to continue studying.[76]
  •  Russia – Vera Krasova, 2nd runner-up at Miss Russia 2007, replaced Ksenia Sukhinova, who had already won at Miss World 2008.

Designations

  •  Egypt – Yara Naoum was appointed to represent Egypt. She was the 2nd runner-up in Miss Egypt 2007 national pageant.
  •  Spain – Claudia Moro was appointed as the representative of her country after Patricia Yurena Rodríguez, Miss Spain 2008, couldn't participate because she did not meet the minimum age requirement by the Miss Universe Organization.[77] 5 years later, Rodríguez won Miss Spain Universe 2013 and competed at Miss Universe 2013, placing as 1st runner-up.

New crown

For Miss Universe 2008 a new crown was unveiled. The 18k white and yellow gold crown was designed by CAO Fine Jewelry in association with Rosalina Lydster specifically for the event. With over 1,000 precious stones, including 44 carats (8.8 g) of diamonds, the crown has a value of $120,000 (USD). The crown will only be awarded as part of the contest this year, the original Mikimoto design was to be awarded again next year but Diamond Nexus Labs designed the crown instead.[78][79][80]

Miss USA falls again

Miss USA, Crystle Stewart, slipped and fell down the stairs during the evening gown competition. This was the second year in a row that a Miss USA delegate fell during evening gown. This is also the first time in pageant history a contestant fell down during the evening gown competition in two consecutive pageants, from the same country, or from any country. Miss USA 2007, Rachel Smith, fell during Miss Universe 2007 in Mexico, and received boos after she made the top five contestants. After Stewart fell, she encouraged the audience to applaud by clapping her hands.[81] She was eliminated after the evening gown competition, finishing in eighth place.

Prizes

Dayana Mendoza received a prize package which included cash, a one-year contract as Miss Universe, world travel, a rent-free, prestigious New York City apartment, a gift bag stuffed with free designer shoes, dresses, and beauty products, and a stipend for a 2-year course at the New York Film Academy. Mendoza spent her year-long reign traveling the world to lecture on humanitarian issues and promote education regarding HIV/AIDS, the official platform of the Miss Universe Organization.[82][83][84]

Notes

  1. ↑ The event was held at 8:00 am local time (UTC+07:00); for the Americas, this was 13 July in their local times including the United States.

References

  1. ↑ "VIETNAM TO HOST THE 2008 MISS UNIVERSE PAGEANT LIVE ON NBC" (Press release). Miss Universe Organization. 27 November 2007.
  2. ↑ in.reuters, Venezuelan Mendoza wins '08 Miss Universe contest
  3. ↑ "Zaire Angola". Angola Press. 15 December 2007.
  4. ↑ "Tracey Nicolaas Is The New Miss Aruba 2007". Government of Aruba. 1 August 2007.
  5. ↑ McNaught, Megan (15 May 2008). "Meet Miss Universe Australia, Laura Dundovic". The Daily Telegraph. |
  6. ↑ "Official website of Miss Bahamas 2007/2008". Miss Universe Bahamas. 17 March 2008.
  7. ↑ "Blondine Alizée Poulicek is Miss België". Vrtnieuws.net. 15 December 2007. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007.
  8. ↑ "Katherine David. Miss Bolivia". Eldeber. 22 February 2008. Archived from the original on 18 February 2008.
  9. 1 2 3 "Brazil, Costa Rica and Jamaica announce Miss Universe representatives". VietNamNet Bridge. 16 April 2008. Archived from the original on 23 May 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  10. ↑ Godfry, Tom (29 April 2008). "She's a real beauty, eh!/T.O.'s Samantha Tajik crowned Miss Universe Canada". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
  11. ↑ "Miss Cayman Islands 2007". Miss Cayman Islands. 30 September 2007. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007.
  12. ↑ "Miss China 2007". Miss China. 29 May 2007.
  13. ↑ "Taliana María Vargas Carrillo, la nueva Señorita Colombia". RCN. Archived from the original on 10 November 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2007.
  14. ↑ "Atraktivna Zagrepčanka Snježana odnijela titulu Miss Universe Hrvatske". Index.hr. 24 February 2008.
  15. ↑ "Jennifer Mercelina Korona como Miss Universo Korsou". Extra. 2 March 2008. Archived from the original on 23 September 2008.
  16. ↑ "Simerini". Simerini. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
  17. ↑ "Star Cyprus News". Star Cyprus. 21 August 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
  18. ↑ "Českou Miss 2008 se stala Eliška Bučková". Novinky. 1 February 2008.
  19. ↑ "Doménica Saporitti al Miss Universo". El Universo. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2008.
  20. ↑ "Yara Naoum, l'astro nascente della bellezza egiziana". stranieriinitalia.it. 29 May 2008.
  21. ↑ "Miss Egypt Universe 2008". MyDiddle. 28 May 2008.
    "Pantene Miss Egypt 2007 A Queen Crowned in a glamorous event". P & G. 23 April 2007. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007.
  22. ↑ "Rebeca Moreno se lleva el título de Nuestra Belleza 2008". TCS Noticias. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  23. ↑ "Satu Tuomisto valittiin Miss Suomeksi!". Ilta-Sanomat. Retrieved 3 February 2008.
  24. ↑ "Miss Pays de Loire représentera la France à l'élection de Miss Univers !". Pure People. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
  25. ↑ "Madina Taher ist die deutsche "Miss Universum". Welt Online. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  26. ↑ "Ghana selects a queen for Miss Universe". Africa News. Archived from the original on 4 May 2008.
  27. ↑ "Λαμπερός 19ος Διαγωνισμός Ομορφιάς". Antenna TV. Archived from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  28. ↑ "Siera Robertson wins Miss Guam Universe". Guam Pacific Daily News. Retrieved 10 May 2008.
  29. ↑ Siglo XXI
  30. ↑ "Olanchana, nueva Señorita Honduras Universo 2008". La Prensa. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
  31. ↑ "Beauties Hungary to snare crowns". Daily Telegraph.
  32. ↑ "Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2008". India Times. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  33. ↑ "Putri Raemawasti crowned Miss Indonesia 2007". China Economic Net. Retrieved 21 August 2007.
  34. ↑ "Celia's girl makes it to top five". Limerick Post. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
  35. ↑ "שונית פרג'י לא מצליחה לבחור שמלה". msn.co.il. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
  36. ↑ "Miss Universo Italia: ecco la splendida vincitrice". 1 June 2008. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
  37. ↑ "Miss Japan Hiroko Mima". GoldSea Asian American News. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
  38. ↑ Official site of Miss Kazakhstan
  39. ↑ "Miss Korea". Miss Korea Org. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
  40. ↑ VietnamNet – Chùm ảnh hoa hậu hoàn vũ các nước ở TP.HCM
  41. ↑ Miss Universe 2008 – Hình ảnh mới nhất của các Hoa hậu đến Việt Nam Archived 21 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  42. ↑ Yoke Teng, Yip. "Utar student crowned Miss Malaysia Universe". The Star Online. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  43. ↑ "Olivia Carey sacrée Miss Mauritius 2007". Servihoo. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
  44. ↑ "Elisa Nájera, de Guanajuato, se coronó como Nuestra Belleza 2007". El Universal. Retrieved 6 October 2007.
  45. ↑ "Marija Ćirović zvanično najljepša Crnogorka". Durmitor. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
  46. ↑ "Miss Universe Top Beauty Netherlands 2008". Miss Universe Top Beauty Netherlands Official Website. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  47. ↑ Fitzsimons, Tom (22 April 2008). "Horowhenua beauty's bid for the universe". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 30 April 2008.
  48. ↑ "Life as a Queen – MBGN(Universe)". Vanguard Online Edition. 10 May 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2008.
  49. ↑ "I will be the next Miss Universe – Stephanie Oforka". Modern Ghana. 26 May 2008.
  50. ↑ "Marinn er Norges vakreste!". Seher.no. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  51. 1 2 "Miss Universe: New faces from Singapore, Panama and Thailand". VietNamNet Bridge. 27 May 2008. Archived from the original on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  52. ↑ "Anoche eligieron nuevas bellezas paraguayas 2008". ABC Digital. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
  53. ↑ "Karol Castillo es la nueva Miss Perú Universo 2008". El Comercio. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
  54. ↑ GMANews.TV – Jennifer Barrientos crowned Bb Pilipinas Universe – Entertainment – Official Website of GMA News and Public Affairs – Latest Philippine News – BETA
  55. ↑ "Miss Polonia 2007". Miss Polonia. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
  56. ↑ "Beauty wins pageant despite pepper-spraying". Edmonton Journal. 27 November 2007. p. A18.
  57. ↑ "Miss Universe Russia 2008". Miss Russia Official Website. Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  58. ↑ Chee, Frankie (21 May 2008). "Forex broker is Miss Singapore Universe". The Straits Times.
  59. ↑ "Novou Miss Universe sa stala Sandra Manáková". Aktuálne.sk. Archived from the original on 9 March 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
  60. ↑ "Anamarija Avbelj nova Miss Universe". E-Delo. 18 May 2008. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
  61. ↑ Mhlongo, Hanna (10 December 2007). "Shining Beauty". Daily News.
  62. ↑ "Miss Spain 2008". Miss Spain. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
  63. ↑ "Miss Switzerland 2007". Miss Switzerland. Retrieved 17 October 2007.
  64. ↑ "Miss Universe Tanzania 2008". mwananchi.co.tz. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
  65. ↑ "Miss Trinidad and Tobago Universe 2008". Miss Trinidad & Tobago. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  66. ↑ "Miss Universe adayımız Nevşehir'de". Günes. Archived from the original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
  67. ↑ "Miss Turks & Caicos Universe 2007". Tropical Imaging. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  68. ↑ Phillips, Dan (9 May 2008). "Herts student named Miss Universe UK". Mercury. Retrieved 10 May 2008.
  69. ↑ "Kharkovian girl won Miss Ukraine Universe-2008 beauty contest". Mediaport. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  70. ↑ "Eligieron a la uruguaya candidata a la más bella". El País. Retrieved 31 March 2008.
  71. ↑ "26-year-old Texan crowned Miss USA". AP.
  72. ↑ "Dayana Sabrina Mendoza Moncada, del estado Amazonas, es la nueva Miss Venezuela". Union Radio. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  73. ↑ "Thai Binh beauty wins pageant". VietNamNet. 2 June 2008. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
    N E T L I F E – phong cach song – song phong cach Archived 13 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  74. ↑ Cagurangan, Mar-Vic (20 May 2008). "GVB defends $76K donation to pageant". Marianas Variety. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  75. ↑ "Miss France keeps crown amid row". BBC News. 28 December 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
  76. ↑ "Valérie Bègue, Miss France 2008, sauve son titre". France-Soir. 27 December 2007. Archived from the original on 1 January 2008.
    "Vahinerii Requillart décline l'offre du Comité Miss France". Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes. Archived from the original on 21 January 2008. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
  77. ↑ Miss Universe Archived 23 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  78. ↑ Press release
  79. ↑ Miss Universe Organization – CAO FINE JEWELRY WILL CREATE THIS YEAR'S COVETED MISS UNIVERSE CROWN: World Renowned Vietnamese Brand PNJ to Unveil Unique Crown for the 2008 Miss Universe Competition
  80. ↑ VnExpress – Vương miện Hoa hậu Hoàn vũ giá 120.000 USD
  81. ↑ "Miss USA takes a tumble". BBC News (Video). 14 July 2008.
  82. ↑ iht.com, Venezuelans celebrate fifth Miss Universe win
  83. ↑ en.rian.ru, Venezuelan beauty wins title Miss Universe 2008
  84. ↑ english.vietnamnet.vn, Miss Venezuela crowned Miss Universe 2008 Archived 17 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
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