List of military operations in the Nordic countries during World War II
The following is a list of military operations conducted in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Greenland during World War II.
Axis
- Birke ("Birch") (1944)
— German plan to withdraw from northern Finland prior to the Lapland War - Birkhahn (1945)
— German evacuation from Norway. - Büffel ("Buffalo") (1940)
— German operation to relieve troops in Narvik, Norway - Holzauge ("Wood knot") (1942)
— activities in Greenland - Ikarus (1940)
— planned German invasion of Iceland in response to British Operation Fork - Juno (1940)
— German naval operation to disturb allied supplies to Norway - Lachsfang (1942)
— Proposed combined German and Finnish attack against Kandalaksha and Belomorsk - Nordlicht 2 ("Aurora Borealis") (1944)
— German withdrawal from the Kola Peninsula into Norway - Silberfuchs ("Silver Fox") (1941)
— German operations in the Arctic, including: - Blaufuchs 1 ("Blue Fox 1") (1941)
— Staging of German forces from Germany to northern Finland - Blaufuchs 2 ("Blue Fox 2") (1941)
— Staging of German forces from Norway to northern Finland - Platinfuchs ("Platinum Fox") (1941)
— German attack towards Murmansk from Finnish Petsamo - Polarfuchs ("Polar Fox") (1941)
— German attack towards Kandalaksha from Finnish Lapland - Renntier ("Reindeer") (1941)
— German occupation of Petsamo
- Blaufuchs 1 ("Blue Fox 1") (1941)
- Safari (1943)
— German operation to capture and disarm Danish forces - Sizilien (1943)
— German raid upon Allied-occupied Spitzbergen (Svalbard) - Tanne Ost (1944)
— failed German attempt to capture Suursaari from Finland - Tanne West (1944)
— planned German attempt to capture the Åland Islands from Finland - Weserübung ("Weser Exercise") (1940)
— German invasion of Denmark and Norway - Weserübung Nord ("Weser Exercise") (1940)
— German invasion of Trondheim and Narvik - Weserübung Sud ("Weser Exercise") (1940)
— German invasion of Bergen, Kristiansand and Oslo
- Weserübung Nord ("Weser Exercise") (1940)
- Zitronella ("Lemon flavour") (1943)
— alternate name for Operation Sizilien
Allies
- Alphabet (1940)
— evacuation of British troops from Norway - Apostle (1945)
— SAS operation to enforce German surrender in Norway - Archery (1941)
— British commando raid on Vågsøy, Norway - Anklet (1941)
— raid on German positions on Lofoten Islands, Norway - Brandy (1943)
— MTB and commando raid on Florø, Norway - Carthage (1945)
— RAF bombing of the Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark - Cartoon (1943)
— commando raid on the island of Stord near Leirvik, Norway - Catherine (1939)
British plan to gain control of Baltic Sea - Claymore (1941)
— British raid on Lofoten Islands, Norway - Crackers (1943)
— British raid at Sognefjord, Norway - Doomsday (1945)
— alternative name for Apostle - Freshman (1942
) — attempted raid on a Norwegian heavy water plant at Vemork, see Gunnerside - Grouse (1942)
— Norwegian guide party for Freshman
- Grouse (1942)
- Gunnerside (1943)
— 2nd raid on the Norwegian heavy water plant at Vemork - Fork (1940)
— Invasion of Iceland by British. - Gauntlet (1941)
— raid on Spitzbergen - Jupiter (1942)
— suggested invasion of Norway - Kitbag (1941)
— aborted commando raid on town of Florø in Norway - Leader (1943)
— American/British Home Fleet raid on German shipping along the coast of Norway in the Bodø area - Musketoon (1942)
— British/ Norwegian destruction of a power station in Norway - R 4 (1940)
— Planned British invasion of Norway - Source (1943)
— British response to German operation Sizilien - The Sepals/Perianth Operation (1944) — OSS supported operation in Sweden
- Sunshine (1944)
— Combined British/Norwegian operation to protect essential power installations against possible German scorched earth tactics towards the end of the war - Wilfred (1940)
— British plan to mine the Norwegian coast
Other
- Rädda Danmark ("Save Denmark") (1945)
— Swedish plan to liberate Denmark before the country was occupied by the Soviet Union[1]
References
Further reading
- Dear, Ian. The Oxford companion to world war II (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995)
- Elting, John R. Battles for Scandinavia (Time-Life Books 1981)
- Haarr, Geirr. The Gathering Storm: Naval War in Northern Europe, September 1939 to April 1940 (2013)
- Haarr, Geirr. German Invasion of Norway: April 1940 (vol 1 2012); The Battle for Norway, April-June 1940 (vol 2 2010)
- Mann, Chris. British Policy and Strategy Towards Norway, 1941-45 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012)
- Miller, James. The North Atlantic Front: Orkney, Shetland, Faroe and Iceland at War (2004)
- Nissen, Henrik S., ed. Scandinavia during the Second World War (Universitetsforlaget, 1983)
- Petrow, Richard. The Bitter Years; The Invasion and Occupation of Denmark and Norway, April 1940-May 1945 (1974)
- Riste, Olav et al. Norway and the Second World War (1996)
- Stenius, H., Österberg, M. and Östling, J., eds. Nordic Narratives of the Second World War: National Historiographies Revisited (Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2011).
- Vehvilainen, Olli. "Scandinavian Campaigns." in A Companion to World War II (2012) ed. by Thomas W. Zeiler and Daniel M. DuBois : vol 1 pp 208-21.
- Vehvilainen, Olli. Finland In The Second World War: Between Germany and Russia (2002) excerpt and text search
See also
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