Marvel Cinematic Universe
| Marvel Cinematic Universe | |
|---|---|
 Marvel Cinematic Universe intertitle from Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe (2014) | |
| Created by | Marvel Studios |
| Original work | Iron Man (2008) |
| Print publications | |
| Comics |
Marvel Cinematic Universe tie-in comics |
| Films and television | |
| Film(s) | Marvel Cinematic Universe films |
| Short film(s) | Marvel One-Shots |
| Television series | Marvel Cinematic Universe television series |
| Web series | |
| Audio | |
| Original music | Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Theme park attractions | |
The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters. Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all its different media.
The first film released in the MCU was Iron Man (2008), which began the first phase of films culminating in the crossover film Marvel's The Avengers (2012). Phase Two began with Iron Man 3 (2013), and concluded with Ant-Man (2015). The films are currently in Phase Three, which began with the release of Captain America: Civil War (2016) and is set to conclude with an untitled Avengers film (2019). Marvel Television expanded the universe further, first to network television with Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. on ABC in the 2013–14 television season, followed by online streaming with Marvel's Daredevil on Netflix in 2015 and Marvel's Runaways on Hulu in 2017, and then to cable television with Marvel's Cloak & Dagger on Freeform in 2018. Marvel Television has also produced the digital series Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Slingshot, which is a supplement to Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Soundtrack albums have been released for all of the films, along with many of the television series, as well as the release of compilation albums containing existing music heard in the films. The MCU also includes tie-in comics published by Marvel Comics, while Marvel Studios has also produced a series of direct-to-video short films and a viral marketing campaign for its films and the universe with the faux news program WHIH Newsfront.
The franchise has been commercially successful as a multimedia shared universe, though some critics have found that some of its films and television series have suffered in service of the wider universe. It has inspired other film and television studios with comic book character adaptation rights to attempt to create similar shared universes. The MCU has also been the focus of other media, outside of the shared universe, including attractions at various Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, an attraction at Discovery Times Square, a Queensland Gallery of Modern Art exhibit, two television specials, guidebooks for each film, multiple tie-in video games, and commercials.
Development
Films
—Kevin Feige, President of Production for Marvel Studios, on constructing a shared film universe.[1]
By 2005, Marvel Entertainment began planning to independently produce its own films and distribute them through Paramount Pictures.[2] Previously, Marvel had co-produced several superhero films with Columbia Pictures, New Line Cinema and others, including a seven-year development deal with 20th Century Fox.[3] Marvel made relatively little profit from its licensing deals with other studios and wanted to get more money out of its films while maintaining artistic control of the projects and distribution.[4] Avi Arad, head of Marvel's film division, was pleased with Sam Raimi's Spider-Man films at Sony, but was less pleased about others. As a result, they decided to form Marvel Studios, Hollywood's first major independent movie studio since DreamWorks.[5]
Arad's second-in-command,[5] Kevin Feige, realized that unlike Spider-Man and the X-Men, whose film rights were licensed to Sony and Fox, respectively, Marvel still owned the rights to the core members of the Avengers. Feige, a self-professed "fanboy", envisioned creating a shared universe just as creators Stan Lee and Jack Kirby had done with their comic books in the early 1960s.[6] To raise capital, the studio secured funding from a seven-year, $525 million revolving credit facility with Merrill Lynch.[4] Marvel's plan was to release individual films for their main characters and then merge them in a crossover film.[7] Arad, who doubted the strategy yet insisted that it was his reputation that helped secure the initial financing, resigned the following year.[5][8]
.jpg)
In 2007, at 33 years old, Feige was named studio chief. In order to preserve its artistic integrity, Marvel Studios formed a creative committee of six people familiar with its comic book lore: Feige, Marvel Studios co-president Louis D'Esposito, Marvel Comics' president of publishing Dan Buckley, Marvel's chief creative officer Joe Quesada, writer Brian Michael Bendis, and Marvel Entertainment president Alan Fine, who oversaw the committee.[5] Feige initially referred to the shared narrative continuity of these films as the "Marvel Cinema Universe",[9] but later used the term "Marvel Cinematic Universe".[10] Marvel has designated the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Earth-199999 within the continuity of the company's multiverse, a collection of fictional alternate universes.[11]
In November 2013, Feige said that "in an ideal world" releases each year would include one film based on an existing character and one featuring a new character, saying it's "a nice rhythm" in that format. While not always the case, as evident by the 2013 releases of Iron Man 3 and Thor: The Dark World, he said it is "certainly something to aim for."[12] Feige expanded on this in July 2014, saying, "I don't know that we'll keep to [that model] every year", but we're doing that in 2014 and 2015, "so I think it would be fun to continue that sort of thing."[13] In February 2014, Feige stated that Marvel Studios wants to mimic the "rhythm" that the comic books have developed, by having the characters appear in their own films, and then come together, much like "a big event or crossover series,"[14] with Avengers films acting as "big, giant linchpins."[15] After the reveal of multiple release dates for films through 2019 in July 2014,[16] Feige stated, "I think if you look at some of those dates that we've announced, we're going to three in a few of those years. Again, not because there's a number cruncher telling us to go to three, do more than two pictures a year, but because of the very reason just laid out: it is about managing [existing] franchises, film to film, and when we have a team ready to go, why tell them to go away for four years just because we don't have a slot? We'd rather find a way to keep that going."[17] After the titles were revealed in October 2014,[18] Feige said, "The studio's firing on all cylinders right now ... which made us comfortable for the first time ... to increase to three films a year [in 2017 and 2018] instead of just two, without changing our methods."[19]
On expanding the characters in the universe and letting individual films breathe and work on their own, as opposed to having Avenger team-ups outside of Avengers films, Feige stated, it's about "teaching the general movie-going audience about the notion of the characters existing separately, coming together for specific events and going away and existing separately in their own worlds again. Just like comic readers have been doing for decades and decades ... people sort of are accepting that there's just a time when they should be together and there's a time when they're not."[20] In April 2014, Feige revealed that Edgar Wright's pitch for Ant-Man in 2006 helped shape the early films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, saying, "We changed, frankly, some of the MCU to accommodate this version of Ant-Man. Knowing what we wanted to do with Edgar and with Ant-Man, going years and years back, helped to dictate what we did with the roster for Avengers the first time. It was a bit of both in terms of his idea for the Ant-Man story influencing the birth of the MCU in the early films leading up to Avengers."[21]
In October 2014, Marvel held a press event to announce the titles of their Phase Three films.[18] The event, which drew comparisons to Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference,[22] was done because all the information was ready. As Feige explained, "We wanted to do this at [San Diego] Comic-Con this year. Things were not set ... So the plan has been, since a few weeks before Comic-Con when we realized we weren't going to be able to do everything we wanted to do, is to decide 'let's do either something we haven't done in a long time, or something we've never done.' Which is a singular event, just to announce what we have when it's ready. I thought that might be early August, or mid-September, it ended up being [at the end of October]."[19]
By September 2015, after Marvel Studios was integrated into The Walt Disney Studios with Feige reporting to Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan Horn instead of Marvel Entertainment CEO Isaac Perlmutter,[23] the studios' creative committee had "nominal" input on the films moving forward, though they continued to consult on Marvel Television productions, which remained under Perlmutter's control.[24][25] All key film decisions going forward will be made by Feige, D'Esposito and Victoria Alonso.[24] At the end of the month, on how much story is developed for future films of the universe, Feige said there are "broad strokes" though sometime "super-specific things. But for the most part, in broad strokes that are broad enough and loose enough that, if through the development of four of five movies before we get to the culmination ... we still have room to sway and to move and to go and to surprise ourselves in places that we end up. So that all the movies, hopefully when they're finished, will feel like they're all interconnected and meant to be and planned far ahead, but really can live and breathe enough as individual movies to be satisfying each and of themselves." The studio also has various contingency plans for the direction of all of their films, in the event they are unable to secure a certain actor to reprise a role, or re-acquire the film rights to a character, such as was done in February 2015 with Spider-Man.[26]
In April 2016, on moving the universe to Phase Four and reflecting on the first three, Feige said, "I think there will be a finality to moments of Phase Three, as well as new beginnings that will mark a different, a very different, a distinctively different chapter in what will someday be a complete first saga made up of three phases." Joe Russo added, "You build things up and people enjoy the experiences you've built up. But then you kind of reach an apex or you reach a climax, a moment where you go, 'This structure is really going to start to be repetitious if we do this again, so what do we do now?' So now, you deconstruct it. We're in the deconstruction phase with [Captain America:] Civil War and leading into [Avengers:] Infinity War, which are the culmination films."[27] A year later, Feige felt after the conclusion of Phase Three, Marvel might abandon grouping the films by phases, saying, "it might be a new thing."[28] Feige also mentioned that the Untitled Avengers film would provide "a definitive end" to the films and storylines preceding it, with the franchise having "two distinct periods. Everything before Avengers 4 and everything after."[29]
On the potential for "superhero fatigue", Feige stated, "This year [2016], we've got Civil War and we've got Doctor Strange in November, two completely different movies. To me, and to all of Marvel Studios, that's what keeps it going. As long as we're surprising people, as long as we're not falling into things becoming too similar ... next year, [Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2], [Spider-Man: Homecoming], Thor: Ragnarok. Those are three totally different movies ... as long as the only shared thing is they come from the same source material and they've got our Marvel logo in front of the movies. Other than that they can be very distinct. What other studios do, what other properties, nothing we can do about it."[30]
In December 2017, The Walt Disney Company agreed to acquire assets from 21st Century Fox, including 20th Century Fox, for $52.4 billion.[31] The following June, after a counter offer from Comcast worth $65 billion, Disney increased its offer to $71.3 billion.[32] The acquisition would see the return of the film rights to Deadpool, and the X-Men and Fantastic Four characters to Marvel Studios, which would "create richer, more complex worlds of inter-related characters and stories."[31]
Distributors
Over time, the distribution rights to Marvel Studios' films changed hands on multiple occasions. In November 2006, Universal Pictures announced that it would distribute The Incredible Hulk,[33] in an arrangement separate from Marvel's 2005 deal with Paramount, which was distributing Marvel's other films.[2] In September 2008, after the international success of Iron Man, Paramount signed a deal to have worldwide distribution rights for Iron Man 2, Iron Man 3, Thor, Captain America: The First Avenger, and Marvel's The Avengers.[34]
In late December 2009, The Walt Disney Company purchased Marvel Entertainment for $4 billion. Additionally, in October 2010, Walt Disney Studios bought the distribution rights for The Avengers and Iron Man 3 from Paramount Pictures,[35] with Paramount's logo remaining on the films, as well as for promotional material and merchandise,[36][37] although Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is the only studio credited at the end of these films.[38] Disney has distributed all subsequent Marvel Studios films.[39] In July 2013, Disney purchased the distribution rights to Iron Man, Iron Man 2, Thor and Captain America: The First Avenger from Paramount.[40] The Incredible Hulk was not part of the deal, due to an agreement between Marvel and Universal, where Marvel owns the film rights and Universal owns the distribution rights, for this film as well as the right of first refusal to distribute future Hulk films.[41] According to The Hollywood Reporter, a potential reason why Marvel has not bought the film distribution rights to the Hulk as they did with Paramount for the Iron Man, Thor, and Captain America films is because Universal holds the theme park rights to several Marvel characters that Disney wants for its own theme parks.[42]
In February 2015, Sony Pictures Entertainment and Marvel Studios announced a licensing deal that would allow Spider-Man to appear in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, with the character first appearing in Captain America: Civil War.[43][44] Marvel Studios also explored opportunities to integrate other characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe into future Spider-Man films financed, distributed, and controlled by Sony Pictures,[43] with Robert Downey Jr. the first confirmed to reprise his role as Tony Stark / Iron Man in Spider-Man: Homecoming.[45] In June 2015, Feige clarified that the initial Sony deal does not apply to the MCU television series, as it was "very specific ... with a certain amount of back and forth allowed."[46] Both studios have the ability to terminate the agreement at any point, and no money was exchanged with the deal. However, a small adjustment was made to a 2011 deal formed between the two studios (where Marvel gained full control of Spider-Man's merchandising rights, in exchange for making a one-time payment of $175 million to Sony and paying up to $35 million for each future Spider-Man film, and forgoing receiving their previous 5% of any Spider-Man film's revenue), with Marvel getting to reduce their $35 million payment to Sony if Spider-Man: Homecoming grossed more than $750 million.[47]
Television
Broadcast
In June 2010, Marvel Television was launched with Jeph Loeb as head.[48] By July 2012, the division had entered into discussions with ABC to create a show set in the MCU,[49] and in August, ABC ordered a pilot for a show called S.H.I.E.L.D., with The Avengers writer/director Joss Whedon involved;[50] it was later renamed Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.[51] In January 2014, the series Marvel's Agent Carter was announced, joining Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. at ABC,[52] while a put pilot order for the half-hour live-action comedy series, Marvel's Damage Control, was revealed in October 2015.[53] While talking about Marvel potentially making comedy series, Loeb said in January 2016 that Marvel always feels humor should be a part of anything they produce, despite possibly fitting more within a darker genre, as Daredevil and Jessica Jones do, while also staying "grounded and real". He added, "There are moments of levity that are in life that you need to bring to the table, or else it just becomes overwhelmingly oppressive ... If you're going to [explore comic book elements], it's always a good idea to make sure that the audience is aware that, yeah, it's funny [too]."[54]
In May 2016, after ABC had canceled Agent Carter and passed on Marvel's Most Wanted, ABC Entertainment president Channing Dungey said that Marvel and ABC were working together, looking "at series that would be beneficial to both brands" moving forward.[55] In November 2016, Marvel and IMAX Corporation announced Marvel's Inhumans, based on the species of the same name, after a planned film based on the characters had been removed from Marvel Studios' slate.[56][57][58] The first two episodes of the series were set to premiere in IMAX theaters in September 2017 for two weeks, before airing on ABC with the remainder of the series.[56] Ben Sherwood, president of Disney–ABC Television Group, said, "We've worked very carefully with our friends at Marvel Studios—and this is a critical point—to make sure that calendar-wise and content-wise we are only enhancing" the MCU; the theatrical debut of the series was timed to not interfere with the release of any Marvel Studios films—the theatrical run of the series will take place between the releases of Spider-Man: Homecoming and Thor: Ragnarok.[59][60] The deal was initially suggested to Marvel by IMAX after they had held a successful IMAX event with Game of Thrones in 2015. Sherwood described it as "a quadruple win—a win for IMAX, a win for Marvel, a win for ABC Studios and a win for ABC to launch a show in an innovative way and get attention" in an increasingly crowded market. Sherwood hoped that this would be the first of "several innovative ways to launch [television] programming."[60]
Online streaming
By October 2013, Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest.[61] In November 2013, Disney was set to provide Netflix with live-action series based on Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders.[62] Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that Netflix was chosen to air the shows, "when Disney realized it could use the streaming service as a way to grow the popularity of the characters". He added that, if the characters prove popular, they could become feature films.[63] Loeb later stated that Marvel was not "interested in making four pilots and then hoping someday that they could all get together. Netflix really understood what it is we wanted to do. They're very open to directors that might not have that same opportunity in broadcast television. The notion of having all 13 episodes at one time, particularly in serialized storytelling, is very appealing."[64] Loeb also added that the four characters chosen "all had a previous existing relationship and all grew up on the same kind of stoop in New York [in the comics]. So it lent itself to a world. Does that mean these shows are going to be the same? No. They can't be. The characters have different issues, different problems, different feelings about them ... the example that I continually give is that I cannot think of two films that are more different in tone than The Winter Soldier and Guardians of the Galaxy. And yet, if you watch them back to back, they feel very Marvel. They feel very much like, 'Oh, it is still the same universe that I'm in.'"[65]
Quesada confirmed in April 2014 that the Netflix series would be set within the MCU.[66] Loeb explained that "Within the Marvel universe there are thousands of heroes of all shapes and sizes, but the Avengers are here to save the universe and Daredevil is here to save the neighborhood ... It does take place in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It's all connected. But that doesn't necessarily mean that we would look up in the sky and see [Iron Man]. It's just a different part of New York that we have not yet seen in the Marvel movies."[67] In January 2015, Netflix COO Ted Sarandos said Netflix planned to release a Marvel series approximately a year apart from each other after Daredevil's April 2015 release.[68] A year later, Sarandos noted that the release schedules of the Marvel Netflix series are dependent on the "long production times and long post times. In some cases, when we have characters crossover, it makes it more difficult to manage production. It's not the goal to put out more than one or two [each] year ... The complex one is really The Defenders. The Defenders' production schedule will determine a lot of the season 2 and 3 output of those shows." He also noted on potential spin-offs that "all the characters in the universe could also spin out" into their own series at some point,[69] with Netflix ordering Marvel's The Punisher, a spin-off from Daredevil, that April.[70] Sarandos later stated that Netflix was trying to close the gap between releases of Marvel seasons, but would always prioritize the quality of the series over higher numbers of releases per year. He also said that Netflix was open to exploring the MCU beyond the Defenders series, including potential crossovers with ABC's Marvel series.[71]
In August 2016, Marvel announced that Marvel's Runaways had received a pilot order from Hulu,[72] eventually receiving a 10 episode order the following May.[73] That July, Loeb confirmed the series would take place in the MCU saying, "It all lives in the same world, how it's connected and where it's connected and what it's going to be connected to remains to be seen." He added that the characters would not be concerned with the actions of other in the universe, instead focusing on their own issues. This allowed showrunners Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage to deal with concepts such as superheroics and fantasy without explaining them to the audience, since they are already well established in the MCU, while still focusing on their own characters, which they described as "liberating".[74] Also that month, Marvel and Netflix committed to complete production on 135 episodes by the end of 2017, making the deal the largest television production commitment in New York State. Production for the different series had engaged 500 local vendors and small businesses for various stages of development, and had required over 14,000 production-related hires.[75]
By November 2017, Disney was looking to develop a new Marvel television series for their planned streaming service.[76] In July 2018, Feige noted discussions had begun with Disney regarding any potential involvement Marvel Studios could have with the streaming service, since Feige felt the service was "an important thing for the company".[77] In September 2018, it was reported that Marvel Studios was developing several limited series centered on "second tier" characters from the MCU films who had not and were unlikely to star in their own films. Characters being considered for series included Loki and Scarlet Witch. Each series was expected to be six to eight episodes, and would be produced by Marvel Studios rather than Marvel Television, with Feige taking a "hands-on role" in each series' development.[78] The next month, Netflix canceled Iron Fist after two seasons, with Deadline Hollywood reporting that Disney was considering reviving the series on its streaming service.[79] It was also reported that the four other remaining series at the time (Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and The Punisher) were not being considered to move to the Disney streaming service, and would remain on Netflix "until they run their course".[79][80]
Cable
In April 2016, the ABC-owned cable network Freeform announced Marvel's Cloak & Dagger, based on the characters of the same name, with a straight-to-series order for 2018.[81][82] The network confirmed that the series would be "its first venture into the Marvel Cinematic Universe", and described the show as a "superhero love story", a premise that Variety called "a seamless fit for Freeform" given the network's target audience of "Becomers" (the 14–34 age demographic).[81][83] This younger-skewing content was continued with the comedy series Marvel's New Warriors ordered in April 2017, with Freeform executive Karey Burke saying, Marvel "started to see our strength with young adults and together we could create a pipeline for content that was specific to our audience that felt younger than what they're doing at the other channels... It was important to both of us to find the right characters that felt like they would speak directly to Freeform's audience. The Avengers wouldn't work here but the about-to-be-Avengers works here."[84] Loeb noted that it was "exciting" to Marvel "to be able to explore the world of the hero and how it affects someone who is trying to figure out who they are as opposed to already knows who they are and now their whole life has to take a left. That's the journey we're going on with these kinds of characters" in Cloak & Dagger, New Warriors and Hulu's Runaways.[85] By November 2017, New Warriors was no longer set to air on Freeform and was being shopped to other networks.[86]
Crossovers to feature films
—Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. executive producer Jeffrey Bell in September 2014, explaining the process of working in with the MCU[87]
Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. executive producer Jeffrey Bell revealed at the show's 2014 PaleyFest panel that the producers and writers are able to read the screenplays for upcoming MCU films to know where the universe is heading.[88] He noted that since the films have to be "big" and move "quickly through a lot of huge pieces", it is beneficial for the films to have the television series fill in any "gaps" for them.[89] His fellow executive producer Jed Whedon explained that each Marvel project is intended to standalone first before there is any interweaving, and noted that the series has to be aware of the film division's plans so as not to interfere when introducing someone or something to the universe.[90] Bell said this was preferable so that people who do not watch the films can still follow the series, and vice versa.[89] Joss Whedon noted that this process "unfortunately just means the TV show gets, you know, leftovers." He stated that, for example, the series' creative team initially wanted to use Loki's scepter from The Avengers but were unable due to his plans for it in Avengers: Age of Ultron.[91]
In April 2014, Quesada stated that, beyond connecting to themselves, the Netflix series would connect with the films and other television series.[66] In October 2014, Feige said the opportunity "certainly" exists for characters in the Netflix series to appear in Avengers: Infinity War.[19] In March 2015, Loeb spoke on the ability for the Netflix series to crossover with the films and the ABC series, saying, "As it is now, in the same way that our films started out as self-contained and then by the time we got to The Avengers, it became more practical for Captain America to do a little crossover into Thor 2 and for Bruce Banner to appear at the end of Iron Man 3. We have to earn that. The audience needs to understand who all of these characters are and what the world is before you then start co-mingling".[92] In September 2015, Feige elaborated on the films referencing the television series, saying "I think that's inevitable at some point ... The schedules do not always quite match up to make that possible. It's easier for [the shows]. They're more nimble and faster and produce things quicker than we do, which is one of the main reasons you see the repercussions of Winter Soldier or [Avengers: Age of Ultron] in the show ... by the time we start doing a movie, they'd be mid-way through a season. By the time our movie comes out, they'd be [starting the next season]. So finding the timing on that is not always easy."[26]
Loeb talked further on the subject in July 2016, reiterating the issue of scheduling by saying "if I'm shooting a television series and that's going to go on over a six-month or eight-month period, how am I going to get [a television series actor] to be able to go be in a movie?" He noted that this would not be as much of an issue if characters were making very minor cameo appearances, but explained that Marvel was not interested in cameos and easter eggs just for the sake of fan service, which could detract from the story being told; "As I often get reported by you folks for saying #ItsAllConnected, our feeling is that the connection isn't just whether or not somebody is walking into a movie or walking out of a television show. It's connected in the way that the shows come from the same place, that they are real, that they are grounded."[93] Eric Carroll, producer on Spider-Man: Homecoming, felt with the introduction of Queens-based Spider-Man to the MCU it "would be really fun" to make mention of the Defenders based in Manhattan, adding, "it's definitely a card I would love to see played, if not sooner rather than later."[94]
In January 2017, Vincent D'Onofrio, who portrays Wilson Fisk in Daredevil, said he "would love to switch over to the movies, but I think it's pretty much been said it's not going to happen. Or at least not for a very, very long time." D'Onofrio cited Feige's previous reasoning as well as the fact that the films already had difficulty "bringing big characters in that they have to service in the writing" and adding characters from the television series would be "just too many characters" since the films were "trying to figure out already how to individualize more and at the same time keep The Avengers going."[95] In March 2017, Anthony Mackie, who portrays Sam Wilson / Falcon in the films, felt a crossover between the films and television series "wouldn't work at all" given they are "different universes, different worlds, different companies, different designs" and that "Kevin Feige is very specific about how he wants the Marvel Universe to be seen in the film world."[96] That May, Feige noted that a character appearing in a television series would not necessarily exclude them from appearing in a film, adding that "at some point, there's going to be a crossover. Crossover, repetition, or something."[97] Regarding the potential for the Avengers to learn in the films that Phil Coulson is alive, Loeb stated, "It's certainly something that will get resolved, and it may get resolved in a very surprising way."[98]
Loeb said in July 2017 that Marvel Television had no plans for series to crossover across networks. Specifically for the similarly themed Cloak & Dagger, New Warriors, and Runaways, which all deal with young heroes, Loeb noted, "You'll see things that comment on each other; we try to touch base wherever we can... things that are happening in L.A. [where Runaways is set] are not exactly going to be affecting what's happening in New Orleans [where Cloak & Dagger is set]... It's being aware of it and trying to find a way for it to be able to discuss in a way that makes sense."[85] He added in October that scheduling of each series factors into why crossovers between them are more difficult to pull off, and that network "feelings" need to be considered. He also spoke on why the television series do not show Avengers Tower as it appears in the films when they depict New York City, and stated that Marvel Television wanted to be "less specific" about the television characters' relationships to the tower because that "helps the audience understand that this could be on any street corner" and that the characters could be in an area of the city where you would not be able to see the tower, even though it exists.[99]
In June 2018, speaking to how the MCU television series would be affected by the events of Avengers: Infinity War, Loeb noted that "For the most part our stories will take place before Thanos clicked his fingers. A lot of that has to do with production and when we are telling our stories versus when the movies come out."[100] In September 2018, with the report of Marvel Studios developing limited series for Disney's streaming service, it was expected that the actors that portrayed the characters in the films would portray them again for the limited series.[78]
Other media
In 2008, the first official tie-in comic was released.[101] Quesada outlined his plan to expand the MCU into comic books, saying, "The MCU [comics] are going to be stories set within movie continuity. [They are] not necessarily direct adaptations of the movies, but maybe something that happened off screen and was mentioned in the movie ... Kevin Feige is involved with these and in some cases maybe the writers of the movies would be involved [as well.]"[102] Marvel Comics worked with Brad Winderbaum, Jeremy Latcham, and Will Corona Pilgrim at Marvel Studios to decide which concepts should be carried over from the Marvel Comics Universe to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, what to show in the tie-in comics, and what to leave for the films.[103] Marvel has clarified which of the tie-in comics are considered official canonical MCU stories, with the rest merely inspired by the MCU, "where we get to show off all the characters from the film in costume and in comic form."[104]
In August 2011, Marvel announced a series of direct-to-video short films called Marvel One-Shots,[105] the name derived from the label used by Marvel Comics for their one-shot comics.[106] Co-producer Brad Winderbaum said "It's a fun way to experiment with new characters and ideas, but more importantly it's a way for us to expand the Marvel Cinematic Universe and tell stories that live outside the plot of our features."[105] Each short film is designed to be a self-contained story that provides more backstory for characters or events introduced in the films.[107] In July 2012, D'Esposito stated that Marvel was considering the idea of introducing established characters who may not yet be ready to carry their own feature films in future One-Shots, stating, "There's always a potential to introduce a character. We have 8,000 of them, and they can't all be at the same level. So maybe there are some that are not so popular, and we introduce them [with a short] – and they take off. I could see that happening."[108]
In March 2015, Marvel's Vice President of Animation Development and Production, Cort Lane, stated that animated tie-ins to the MCU were "in the works".[109] That July, Marvel Studios partnered with Google to produce the faux news program WHIH Newsfront with Christine Everhart, a series of in-universe YouTube videos serving as the center of a viral marketing campaign to promote the films and universe.[110] In December 2016, a six-part web series, Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Slingshot, was revealed, which debuted on ABC.com on December 13, 2016. It follows Elena "Yo-Yo" Rodriguez on a secret mission, shortly before the start of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s fourth season, with Natalia Cordova-Buckley reprising her role.[111]
Business practices
Marvel Studios developed specific business practices to create its shared universe, including choosing filmmakers that were considered "out-of-left-field", given their previous work. Feige remarked, "You don't have to have directed a big, giant visual-effects movie to do a big, giant visual-effects movie for us. You just have to have done something singularly sort of awesome,"[112] adding "It's worked out well for us when we've taken people [such as Jon Favreau, Joss Whedon, Kenneth Branagh, and the Russo brothers,] that have done very, very good things. Very rarely are one of those good things a big giant blockbuster superhero movie."[113] The studio looks for filmmakers to hire who are able to guide a film.[114] When hiring directors, the studio usually has "a kernel of an idea of what we want", which is presented to potential directors over the course of several meetings to discuss and further expand. "And if over the course of three or four or five meetings they make it way better than what we initially were spewing to them, they usually get the job", according to Feige.[26] Later expanding on this process, Feige explained that before talking to any directors on a film, Marvel Studios often puts together a "lookbook" of influences from the comics and art by Marvel's visual development department, to create a visual template for the film. These are put together at company retreats, which the studio holds every "18 months or so" to plan out and develop the phases of the MCU. These lookbooks are not always shown to directors, though, with Marvel sometimes preferring to let the director offer their own ideas first.[115]
Scott Derrickson did not see a lookbook for Doctor Strange, instead putting together his own presentation, with concept art and storyboards by himself and professionals he hired, to sell himself and his vision of the film to Marvel. In contrast, Marvel shared several different ideas for what Thor: Ragnarok could be with prospective filmmakers, who then went away and developed what they thought the film should be from that. Taika Waititi created a sizzle reel using clips from other films to present his vision based on Marvel's ideas, a practice that Marvel discourages as they "oftentimes can be really terrible". However, Marvel thought Waititi's was "amazing". Derrickson and Waititi were both eventually hired for the films.[115] For Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Joe and Anthony Russo met with the studio four times over two months before they were hired, during which they "kept getting more and more specific about what our vision was", putting together "reference videos, storyboards, script pages, you name it. We did like a 30-page book that had everything that we'd do with the character, from the theme of the movie to the tone of the film to the fighting style to what we liked about the character and what we didn't like". This meant that by the time they were hired they had already "figured the movie out".[116]
When the studio hired Kenneth Branagh and Joe Johnston to direct Thor and Captain America: The First Avenger, respectively, it made sure both directors were open to the idea of a shared universe and including Avengers set-up scenes in their films.[6] Joe Russo stated, "That's the exciting component of [incorporating references to the larger universe]. 'What can we set up for the future?' You're constantly pitching out ideas that not only affect your movie, but may have a ripple effect that affects other films ... It's a weird sort of tapestry of writers and directors working together to create this universe that's sort of organic."[20] Anthony added, "The great thing about the Marvel [Cinematic Universe], just like the publishing [arm], it's a very vast, inter-connected universe, where characters will have their rise and fall, so to speak, and hand off to other characters. As the cinematic universe moves forward, you may start to see the cinematic universe adopt that same pattern, as the publishing has, where there's closure with some characters and new beginnings with other characters."[117] He added that, for directors to "fit" in at Marvel, they must understand how to "take a larger story and wrangle it into a moment", yet keep it connected.[20]
—Director Anthony Russo in April 2016[116]
On allowing directors and writers to work within Marvel's shared universe concept, Joe Russo said that Feige has "big pieces that he knows he wants to build towards, but the way that you get there is open to interpretation and improv a little bit." For the Russos in The Winter Soldier, they had to deal with the idea of S.H.I.E.L.D. being infiltrated by Hydra, with Joe saying, "how we get there is all up to us. And I think why Marvel has been so successful is because it's been such a clear plan, that everything is interconnected and they're building emotional capital with each movie that you can then trade off of in the next film."[118] Joe later elaborated that once each film's creative team "come up with conceptually what we want to do" for a film, then we will ask questions about whether this would interfere with a storyline in another movie. Or, what's going on in that film, can we pull some of that into this film? That's where you start looking for the interconnectedness, but it's very important early on that the concept be created in a bubble because you have to protect the idea, it has to be driven by storytelling. Kevin's ... always in the mindset of "let's just make this movie now and worry about the next movie when it comes."[116]
Loeb explained that Marvel Television sees "ourselves as producers who are working to support the vision of our showrunner. But we're involved in every aspect of the production—whether it's being in the writers' room, editing on set, casting—every step of the production goes through the Marvel team to tell the best story that we can." He added that the studio is able to work on so many series across different networks and platforms because "it just requires that we make sure that there's always someone from Marvel there to help guide the process."[119]
—Vincent D'Onofrio (Wilson Fisk in Daredevil) in August 2014[120]
Marvel Studios also began contracting their actors for multiple films, including signing actor Samuel L. Jackson to a then "unprecedented" nine-movie contract.[121] In July 2014, Feige said that the studio has all actors sign contracts for multiples films, with the norm being for 3 or more, and the 9 or 12 film deals "more rare".[122] Actor's contracts also feature clauses that allows Marvel to use up to three minutes of an actor's performance from one film for another, which Marvel describes as "bridging material".[25] At Marvel Television, actors such as Charlie Cox (Matt Murdock / Daredevil in Daredevil) and Adrianne Palicki (Bobbi Morse / Mockingbird in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) are contractually obliged to appear in a Marvel film if asked.[123][124] In May 2015, after starring as Claire Temple in the first season of Daredevil, Rosario Dawson signed with Marvel to return for the second season of the series as part of an "exclusive TV deal" that also allows her to appear in any other Marvel Netflix series.[125] Dawson's character has been featured as well in all the other Netflix shows, except The Punisher, linking them together similarly to Jackson's Nick Fury in the films.[126] Dawson explained that she signs on with Marvel for a year at a time, for a certain amount of episodes, and finds out which series the episodes are for closer to the time of filming.[127]
In August 2012, Marvel signed Joss Whedon to an exclusive contract through June 2015 for film and television. With the deal, Whedon would "contribute creatively" on Phase Two of the MCU and develop the first television series set in the universe.[128] In March 2013, Whedon expanded on his consulting responsibilities, saying, "I understand what Kevin [Feige] is going for and where he's heading, and I read the scripts and watch cuts and talk to the directors and writers and give my opinion. Occasionally there could be some writing. But I'm not trying to get in anybody's soup, I'm just trying to be helpful."[129] Whedon later elaborated that "Since the story has already been approved and everybody knows what we're doing with Avengers 2, we can really lay it out. It's not like anyone's saying "well I don't know, what if I need that?" It's like "doing this is troublesome for us, whereas doing this will actually help us." ... You want to honor the events of the last movie but you don't want to be beholden to them, because some people will see Avengers[: Age of Ultron] who did not see any of the movies in between or even Avengers 1." He also found working in television and script doctoring to be "great training ground[s] for dealing with this ... because you're given a bunch of pieces and told to make them fit—even if they don't."[130]
For the Russo brothers and writers Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely working on Avengers: Infinity War and Phase Three, they saw "a through line from Winter Soldier, through Civil War, right to Infinity War", with films like Doctor Strange and Thor: Ragnarok laying groundwork for the "culmination" in Infinity War. Subsequently, they talked "to the directors and writers of the other Phase 3 movies on an almost weekly basis, to make sure everything lines up right."[131] Peyton Reed, director of Ant-Man and Ant-Man and the Wasp, felt the relationship and collaboration between the Phase Three directors was "probably the closest thing that this generation will have to a '30s- or '40s-era studio system where you are all on the lot and you are all working on different things."[132] Similarly, when developing the crossover miniseries The Defenders, showrunner Marco Ramirez consulted with the creators of all the individual Marvel Netflix series, having them read each of the scripts for The Defenders and provide insight into the individual character's world.[133] In April 2017, along with his announcement that he was returning to write and direct Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, James Gunn revealed he would be working with Marvel "to help design where these stories go, and make sure the future of the Marvel Cosmic Universe is as special and authentic and magical as what we have created so far."[134] However, in July 2018, Disney and Marvel severed ties with Gunn following the resurfacing of old controversial tweets surrounding topics such as rape and pedophilia.[135][136]
Feature films
| Film | U.S. release date | Director(s) | Screenwriter(s) | Producer(s) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase One[137] | |||||
| Iron Man | May 2, 2008 | Jon Favreau[138] | Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby and Art Marcum & Matt Holloway[138][139] | Avi Arad and Kevin Feige | Released |
| The Incredible Hulk | June 13, 2008 | Louis Leterrier[140] | Zak Penn[141] | Avi Arad, Gale Anne Hurd and Kevin Feige | |
| Iron Man 2 | May 7, 2010 | Jon Favreau[142] | Justin Theroux[143] | Kevin Feige | |
| Thor | May 6, 2011 | Kenneth Branagh[144] | Ashley Edward Miller & Zack Stentz and Don Payne[145] | ||
| Captain America: The First Avenger | July 22, 2011 | Joe Johnston[146] | Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely[147] | ||
| Marvel's The Avengers | May 4, 2012 | Joss Whedon[148] | |||
| Phase Two[137] | |||||
| Iron Man 3 | May 3, 2013 | Shane Black[149] | Drew Pearce and Shane Black[149][150] | Kevin Feige | Released |
| Thor: The Dark World | November 8, 2013 | Alan Taylor[151] | Christopher L. Yost and Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely[152] | ||
| Captain America: The Winter Soldier | April 4, 2014 | Anthony and Joe Russo[153] | Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely[154] | ||
| Guardians of the Galaxy | August 1, 2014 | James Gunn[155] | James Gunn and Nicole Perlman[156] | ||
| Avengers: Age of Ultron | May 1, 2015 | Joss Whedon[157] | |||
| Ant-Man | July 17, 2015 | Peyton Reed[158] | Edgar Wright & Joe Cornish and Adam McKay & Paul Rudd[159] | ||
| Phase Three[137] | |||||
| Captain America: Civil War | May 6, 2016 | Anthony and Joe Russo[160] | Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely[160] | Kevin Feige | Released |
| Doctor Strange | November 4, 2016 | Scott Derrickson[161] | Jon Spaihts and Scott Derrickson & C. Robert Cargill[162] | ||
| Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 | May 5, 2017 | James Gunn[156] | |||
| Spider-Man: Homecoming | July 7, 2017 | Jon Watts[163] | Jonathan Goldstein & John Francis Daley and Jon Watts & Christopher Ford and Chris McKenna & Erik Sommers[164] |
Kevin Feige and Amy Pascal | |
| Thor: Ragnarok | November 3, 2017 | Taika Waititi[165] | Eric Pearson and Craig Kyle & Christopher L. Yost[166][167] | Kevin Feige | |
| Black Panther | February 16, 2018 | Ryan Coogler[168] | Ryan Coogler & Joe Robert Cole[169][170] | ||
| Avengers: Infinity War | April 27, 2018 | Anthony and Joe Russo[171] | Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely[172] | ||
| Ant-Man and the Wasp | July 6, 2018 | Peyton Reed[173] | Chris McKenna & Erik Sommers and Paul Rudd & Andrew Barrer & Gabriel Ferrari[174] |
Kevin Feige and Stephen Broussard | |
| Captain Marvel | March 8, 2019[175] | Anna Boden and Ryan Fleck[176] | Meg LeFauve and Nicole Perlman and Geneva Robertson-Dworet and Liz Flahive & Carly Mensch and Anna Boden & Ryan Fleck[177] |
Kevin Feige | Post-production |
| Untitled Avengers film | May 3, 2019[18] | Anthony and Joe Russo[171] | Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely[172] | ||
| Post-Phase Three | |||||
| Spider-Man: Far From Home | July 5, 2019[178] | Jon Watts[179] | Chris McKenna & Erik Sommers[180] | Kevin Feige and Amy Pascal | Post-production |
| Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 | TBA[181] | TBA | James Gunn[182] | Kevin Feige | In development |
Television series
| Series | Season | Episodes | Originally aired / released | Showrunner(s) | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | Last | ||||||
| ABC series | |||||||
| Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. | 1 | 22 | September 24, 2013 | May 13, 2014 | Jed Whedon, Maurissa Tancharoen, and Jeffrey Bell[183] | Released | |
| 2 | 22 | September 23, 2014 | May 12, 2015 | ||||
| 3 | 22 | September 29, 2015 | May 17, 2016 | ||||
| 4 | 22 | September 20, 2016 | May 16, 2017 | ||||
| 5 | 22 | December 1, 2017 | May 18, 2018 | ||||
| 6 | 13[184] | July 2019[185] | TBA | Filming | |||
| Marvel's Agent Carter | 1 | 8 | January 6, 2015 | February 24, 2015 | Tara Butters, Michele Fazekas, and Chris Dingess[186] | Released | |
| 2 | 10 | January 19, 2016 | March 1, 2016 | ||||
| Marvel's Inhumans | 1 | 8 | September 29, 2017[lower-alpha 1] | November 10, 2017 | Scott Buck[188] | ||
| Netflix series | |||||||
| Marvel's Daredevil | 1 | 13 | April 10, 2015 | Steven S. DeKnight[189] | Released | ||
| 2 | 13 | March 18, 2016 | Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez[190] | ||||
| 3 | 13 | October 19, 2018 | Erik Oleson[191] | ||||
| Marvel's Jessica Jones | 1 | 13 | November 20, 2015 | Melissa Rosenberg[192] | |||
| 2 | 13 | March 8, 2018 | |||||
| 3[193] | TBA | TBA | Filming | ||||
| Marvel's Luke Cage | 1 | 13 | September 30, 2016 | Cheo Hodari Coker[194] | Released | ||
| 2 | 13 | June 22, 2018 | |||||
| Marvel's Iron Fist | 1 | 13 | March 17, 2017 | Scott Buck[195] | |||
| 2 | 10 | September 7, 2018 | M. Raven Metzner[196] | ||||
| Marvel's The Defenders | 1 | 8 | August 18, 2017 | Marco Ramirez[133] | |||
| Marvel's The Punisher | 1 | 13 | November 17, 2017 | Steve Lightfoot[70] | |||
| 2 | TBA | 2019[197] | Preparing for release | ||||
| Hulu series | |||||||
| Marvel's Runaways | 1 | 10 | November 21, 2017 | January 9, 2018 | Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage[198] | Released | |
| 2 | 13[199] | December 21, 2018[199] | Preparing for release | ||||
| Freeform series | |||||||
| Marvel's Cloak & Dagger | 1 | 10 | June 7, 2018 | August 2, 2018 | Joe Pokaski[82] | Released | |
| 2 | 10[200] | Early 2019[200] | TBA | Filming | |||
| Other | |||||||
| Marvel's New Warriors | 1 | 10[201] | 2018[201] | TBA | Kevin Biegel[201] | Pre-production | |
| Marvel's Most Wanted | Jeffrey Bell and Paul Zbyszewski[202] | Unaired pilot | |||||
| Marvel's Damage Control | Ben Karlin[53] | Put pilot ordered[53] | |||||
- ↑ A version of the first two episodes debuted in IMAX theaters on September 1, 2017, and ran for two weeks, before their television premiere on ABC on September 29.[187]
Short films
| Film | U.S. release date | Director | Screenwriter | Producer | Home media release |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Consultant | September 13, 2011 | Leythum[105] | Eric Pearson[108][203] | Kevin Feige | Thor |
| A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor's Hammer | October 25, 2011 | Captain America: The First Avenger | |||
| Item 47 | September 25, 2012 | Louis D'Esposito[108][203] | Marvel's The Avengers | ||
| Agent Carter | September 3, 2013 (Digital) September 24, 2013 (Physical) |
Iron Man 3 | |||
| All Hail the King | February 4, 2014 (Digital) February 25, 2014 (Physical) |
Drew Pearce[204] | Thor: The Dark World | ||
Digital series
| Series | Season | Episodes | Originally released | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First released | Last released | |||||
| WHIH Newsfront [lower-alpha 1] | 1 | 5 | July 2, 2015 | July 16, 2015 | Released | |
| 2 | 5 | April 22, 2016 | May 3, 2016 | |||
| Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Slingshot | 1 | 6 | December 13, 2016 | |||
- ↑ WHIH Newsfront is an in-universe current affairs show that serves as a viral marketing campaign for some of the MCU films.[110][205] The campaign is an extension of the fictional news network WHIH World News, which is seen reporting on major events in many MCU films and television series.[206]
Comic books
Recurring cast and characters
List indicator(s)
- This table includes characters who have appeared in multiple MCU media.
- A dark grey cell indicates the character has not appeared in that medium.
- A P indicates a new appearance in onscreen photographs only.
Additionally, Paul Bettany was the first actor to portray two main characters within the universe, voicing Tony Stark's artificial intelligence J.A.R.V.I.S. in the Iron Man and Avengers films, and portraying Vision in Avengers films and Captain America: Civil War.[284][285][286] Stan Lee, creator or co-creator of many of the characters seen in the MCU, has cameo appearances in all of the feature films and television series except Inhumans. In Iron Fist, it is revealed his on-set photograph cameo in the Marvel Netflix series is as NYPD Captain Irving Forbush.[287] His cameo in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 sees Lee appearing as an informant to the Watchers, discussing previous adventures that include Lee's cameos in other MCU films; he specifically mentions his time as a FedEx delivery man, referring to Lee's cameo in Captain America: Civil War.[288] This acknowledged the fan theory that Lee may be portraying the same character in all his cameos,[289] with writer and director James Gunn noting that "people thought Stan Lee is [Uatu the Watcher] and that all of these cameos are part of him being a Watcher. So, Stan Lee as a guy who is working for the Watchers was something that I thought was fun for the MCU."[288][289] Feige added that Lee "clearly exists, you know, above and apart from the reality of all the films. So the notion that he could be sitting there on a cosmic pit stop during the jump gate sequence in Guardians...really says, so wait a minute, he's this same character who's popped up in all these films?"[290]
Music
Film soundtracks
Television soundtracks
| Title | U.S. release date | Length | Composer(s) | Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daredevil (Original Soundtrack Album) | April 27, 2015 | 41:45 | John Paesano | Hollywood Records Marvel Music |
| Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (Original Soundtrack Album) | September 4, 2015 | 77:52 | Bear McCreary | |
| Marvel's Agent Carter: Season 1 (Original Television Soundtrack) | December 11, 2015 | 65:31 | Christopher Lennertz | |
| Jessica Jones (Original Soundtrack) | June 3, 2016 | 59:53 | Sean Callery | |
| Daredevil: Season 2 (Original Soundtrack Album) | July 15, 2016 | 50:49 | John Paesano | |
| Luke Cage (Original Soundtrack Album) | October 7, 2016 | 95:09 | Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad | |
| Iron Fist (Original Soundtrack) | March 17, 2017 | 62:00 | Trevor Morris | |
| The Defenders (Original Soundtrack Album) | August 17, 2017 | 49:15 | John Paesano | |
| The Punisher (Original Soundtrack) | November 17, 2017 | 42:52 | Tyler Bates | |
| Runaways (Original Score) | January 26, 2018 | Siddhartha Khosla | ||
| Jessica Jones: Season 2 (Original Soundtrack) | March 16, 2018 | 51:75 | Sean Callery |
Singles
| Title | U.S. release date | Length | Artist(s) | Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Live to Rise" | April 17, 2012 | 4:40 | Soundgarden | Hollywood Records Marvel Music |
| "Watcha Gonna Do (It's Up to You)" | March 18, 2016 | 3:51 | Enver Gjokaj and Hayley Atwell | |
| "Bulletproof Love" | September 30, 2016 | 2:12 | Adrian Younge, Ali Shaheed Muhammad and Method Man | |
| "All the Stars" | January 4, 2018 | 3:56 | Kendrick Lamar and SZA | Interscope Records Top Dawg Entertainment Aftermath Entertainment |
| "King's Dead" | January 11, 2018 | 3:50 | Jay Rock, Kendrick Lamar, Future, and James Blake | |
| "Pray for Me" | February 2, 2018 | 3:31 | Kendrick Lamar and The Weeknd | |
Reception
Jim Vorel of Herald & Review called the Marvel Cinematic Universe "complicated" and "impressive", but said, "As more and more heroes get their own film adaptations, the overall universe becomes increasingly confusing."[291] Kofi Outlaw of Screen Rant stated that while The Avengers was a success, "Marvel Studios still has room to improve their approach to building a shared movie universe".[292] Some reviewers criticized the fact that the desire to create a shared universe led to films that did not hold as well on their own. In his review of Thor: The Dark World, Forbes critic Scott Mendelson likened the MCU to "a glorified television series", with The Dark World being a "'stand-alone' episode that contains little long-range mythology."[293] Collider's Matt Goldberg considered that while Iron Man 2, Thor and Captain America: The First Avenger were quality productions, "they have never really been their own movies", feeling that the plot detours to S.H.I.E.L.D. or lead-ups to The Avengers dragged down the films' narratives.[294]
The metaphor of the MCU as "the world's biggest TV show" was discussed again, after the release of Captain America: Civil War, by Todd VanDerWerff of Vox, who felt that film in particular highlighted Marvel's success with the model, saying, "Viewed in complete isolation, the plot of Captain America: Civil War makes little to no sense ... [but] when you think about where [Captain America] has been in earlier Marvel films ... his leeriness about being subject to oversight makes a lot more sense." VanDerWerff continued that when thinking about the MCU as a television series, many "common criticisms people tend to level at it take on a new context" such as complaints that the films are formulaic, lack "visual spark", or "shoehorn in story elements" that "are necessary to set up future films", all characteristics that "are fairly typical on television, where a director's influence is much lower than that of the showrunner", in this case, Feige. Comparing the films to the series Game of Thrones specifically, VanDerWerff noted that each solo film checks "in on various characters and their individual side stories, before bringing everyone together in the finale (or, rather, an Avengers film)", with Guardians of the Galaxy being equivalent to the character Daenerys Targaryen—"both separated by long distances from everybody else." He noted that this format was an extension of early "TV-like" film franchises such as Star Wars, as well as the format of the comics upon which the films are based. "I say all of this not to suggest that film franchises resembling TV series is necessarily a good trend", VanDerWerff concluded, "For as much as I generally enjoy the Marvel movies, I'm disheartened by the possibility that their particular form might take over the film industry ... But I also don't think it's the end of the world if Marvel continues on ... there's a reason TV has stolen so much of the cultural conversation over the past few decades. There's something legitimately exciting about the way the medium tells stories when it's good, and if nothing else, Marvel's success shows the film world could learn from that."[295]
Following the conclusion of season one of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., Mary McNamara at the Los Angeles Times praised the connections between that series and the films, stating that "never before has television been literally married to film, charged with filling in the back story and creating the connective tissue of an ongoing film franchise ... [Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.] is now not only a very good show in its own right, it's part of Marvel's multiplatform city-state. It faces a future of perpetual re-invention, and that puts it in the exhilarating first car of television's roller-coaster ride toward possible world domination."[296] Terri Schwartz of Zap2it agreed with this sentiment, stating that "the fact that [Captain America: The Winter Soldier] so influenced the show is game-changing in terms of how the mediums of film and television can be interwoven", though "the fault there seems to be that Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. had to bide time until The Winter Soldier's release", which led to much criticism.[297]
In January 2015, Michael Doran of Newsarama and Graeme McMillian of The Hollywood Reporter had a "point-counterpoint" debate in response to the first Ant-Man trailer. Doran stated, "Marvel has raised the bar sooo high that as opposed to just allowing another film to finish under the [MCU] bar, we're all overly and perhaps even eager to overreact to the first thing that doesn't clear it". McMillian responded, "at this point, Marvel's brand is such that I'm not sure it can offer up something like [the trailer] without it seeming like a crushing disappointment ... part of Marvel's brand is that it doesn't offer the kind of run-of-the-mill superhero movie that you're talking about, that it's ... at least different enough to tweak and play with the genre somehow ... The fact that there's such upset about this trailer being ... well, okay ... suggests to me that the audience is expecting something to knock their socks off." Doran concluded, "That does seem to be the point here—the expectations fans now have for everything Marvel Studios ... [and] Marvel is going to eventually falter."[298]
After seeing the portrayal of Yellowjacket in Ant-Man, the antagonist of the film, McMillian noted,
It's hardly a secret that Marvel Studios has a bit of a problem when it comes to offering up exciting characters for their heroes to fight against ... [their] villains generally fall into one of two camps. There's the Unstoppable Monster ... or there's the Professional White Guy In A Suit With An Ego ... No matter which of the groups the above villains fall into, they share one common purpose: evil. The motivations for evil likely differ—although, invariably, they fall under the umbrella of 'misguided belief in a greater good that doesn't exist'—but that really doesn't matter, because without fail, there will be so little time in the movie to actually properly explore those motivations, meaning that to all intents and purposes, the villain is being evil for reasons of plot necessity and little else ... The strange thing about this is that Marvel's comic books offer a number of wonderful, colorful bad guys who could step outside the above parameters and offer an alternative to the formulaic villains audiences have gotten used to (and arguably bored with) ... In future movies, we can only hope [they are] treated in such a way that their freak flags are allowed to fly free.[299]
Following the release of Jessica Jones, David Priest at c|net wrote about how the series rescues "Marvel from itself ... Jessica Jones takes big steps forward in terms of theme, craft and diversity. It's a good story first, and a superhero show second. And for the first time, the MCU seems like it matters. Our culture needs stories like this. Here's hoping Marvel keeps them coming."[300] For Paul Tassi and Erik Kain of Forbes, watching the series made them question the MCU, with Kain feeling that the "morally complex, violent, dark world of Jessica Jones has no place in the MCU ... right now, the MCU is holding back shows like Jessica Jones and Daredevil, while those shows are contributing absolutely nothing to the MCU."[301] Tassi went so far as to wonder what "the point of the Marvel Cinematic Universe" is, lamenting the lack of major crossovers in the franchise since the Winter Soldier reveal on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., and saying that Jessica Jones is "so far removed from the world of The Avengers, it might as well not be in the same universe at all ... [I] really don't understand the point of [the MCU] if they're going to keep everything within it separated off in these little boxes".[302] Conversely, Eric Francisco of Inverse called Jessica Jones's lack of overt connections to the MCU "the show's chief advantage. Besides demonstrating how physically wide open the MCU's scope really is, Jessica Jones also proves the MCU's thematic durability."[303]
In April 2016, Marvel Studios revealed that Alfre Woodard would appear in Captain America: Civil War, having already been cast as Mariah Dillard in Luke Cage the previous year.[304] This "raised hopes that Marvel could be uniting its film and Netflix universes",[305] with "one of the first and strongest connections" between the two.[304] However, Civil War writers Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely revealed that Woodard would instead be portraying Miriam Sharpe in the film, explaining that she had been cast on the suggestion of Robert Downey, Jr., and they had not learnt of her casting in Luke Cage until afterwards.[304] This was not the first instance of actors being cast in multiple roles in the MCU, but this casting was called more "significant", and seen by many as a "disappointing" indication of "the growing divide" and "lack of more satisfying cooperation" between Marvel Studios and Marvel Television following the September 2015 corporate reshuffling of Marvel Entertainment.[304][306]
Speaking to the 1990s setting of Captain Marvel, "the MCU's first full period piece since Phase One's Captain America: The First Avenger in 2011", Richard Newby of The Hollywood Reporter felt the return of younger versions of some characters introduced and killed in earlier films "open[ed] up the MCU in a whole new way and broaden[ed] the franchise's mantra of 'it's all connected'." Speaking specifically to Clark Gregg's appearance as Agent Phil Coulson in the film, Newby noted the appearance "doesn't exactly mend fences between Marvel's film and TV divisions, [but] it does strengthen the connective tissue and the sense that these characters still matter in the grand scheme of Marvel's film plans." He also hoped that continuity from Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. would be maintained in Captain Marvel, especially since Coulson has dealt with the Kree in the series. Newby also added that shifting to different time periods would help Marvel Studios "sustain this cinematic universe for the next 10 years" by allowing them to repeat some of the genres previously used, as they could then feel "fresh" and have "different rules and different restraints," as well as allow them to build upon material established in the television series such as Agent Carter. He concluded, "Marvel Studios has an entire sandbox to play in, but, for necessary reasons, has largely chosen to remain in a small corner in order to ground audiences in these concepts. Now that the basis has been laid, the opportunity for exploration in both film and television lies ahead, with Captain Marvel leading the way. Wherever Marvel Studios plans to take the MCU in the future, it's refreshing to know that its past is expansive and filled with infinite possibilities."[307]
Cultural impact
Other studios
After the release of The Avengers in May 2012, Tom Russo of Boston.com noted that aside from the occasional "novelty" such as Aliens vs. Predator (2004), the idea of a shared universe was virtually unheard of in Hollywood.[6] Since that time, the shared universe model created by Marvel Studios has begun to be replicated by other film studios that held rights to other comic book characters. In April 2014, Tuna Amobi, a media analyst for Standard & Poor's Equity Research Services, stated that in the previous three to five years, Hollywood studios began planning "megafranchises" for years to come, opposed to working one blockbuster at a time. Amobi added, "A lot of these superhero characters were just being left there to gather dust. Disney has proved that this [approach and genre] can be a gold mine."[308] However, with additional studios now "playing the megafranchise game", Doug Creutz, media analyst for Cowen and Company, feels the allure will eventually die for audiences: "If Marvel's going to make two or three films a year, and Warner Brothers is going to do at least a film every year, and Sony's going to do a film every year, and Fox [is] going to do a film every year, can everyone do well in that scenario? I'm not sure they can."[308] In March 2018, Patrick Shanley of The Hollywood Reporter opined that "the key differences between a regular franchise, such as The Fast and the Furious or Pitch Perfect films, and a shared universe is the amount of planning and interweaving that goes into each individual film. Its all too easy to make a film that exists solely for the purpose of setting up future installments and expanding a world, rather than a film that stands on its own merits while deftly hinting or winking at its place in the larger mythos. In that, the MCU has flourished." He felt that Iron Man "itself was aimed at being an enjoyable stand-alone experience, not as an overall advertisement for 17 subsequent movies. That mentality has persisted through most of the MCU films over the past decade, which is all the more impressive as its roster of heroes now exceeds the two-dozen mark."[309]
DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Pictures
In October 2012, following its legal victory over Joe Shuster's estate for the rights to Superman, Warner Bros. Pictures announced that it planned to move ahead with its long-awaited Justice League film, uniting such DC Comics superheroes as Batman, Superman, and Wonder Woman. The company was expected to take the opposite approach to Marvel, releasing individual films for the characters after they have appeared in a team-up film.[310] The release of Man of Steel in 2013 was intended to be the start of a new shared universe for DC, "laying the groundwork for the future slate of films based on DC Comics."[311] In 2014, Warner Bros. announced that slate of films, similarly to Disney and Marvel claiming dates for films years in advance.[312] That year, DC CCO Geoff Johns stated that the television series Arrow and The Flash were set in a separate universe from the new film one,[313] later clarifying that "We look at it as the multiverse. We have our TV universe and our film universe, but they all co-exist. For us, creatively, it's about allowing everyone to make the best possible product, to tell the best story, to do the best world. Everyone has a vision and you really want to let the visions shine through ... It's just a different approach [to Marvel's]."[314]
Discussing the apparent failure of the cinematic universe's first team-up film, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, to establish a successful equivalent to the MCU, Todd VanDerWerff noted that where the MCU has a television-like "showrunner" in Feige, "the visionary behind Marvel's entire slate", the DCEU has director Zack Snyder, whose DC films "seemingly start from the assumption that people have come not to see an individual story but a long series of teases for other ones. It's like he knows what he needs to do but can't focus on the task at hand. TV certainly isn't immune to that problem, but shows that get caught up in high-concept premises and big-picture thinking before doing the necessary legwork to establish characters and their relationships tend to be canceled."[295] Subsequently, in May 2016, Warner Bros. gave oversight of the DCEU to Johns and executive Jon Berg in an attempt to "unify the disparate elements of the DC movies" and emulate Marvel's success. The two were made producers on the Justice League films, on top of Johns' involvement in several "solo" films, such as the post-production process of Suicide Squad or the writing process of a standalone Batman film.[315] After the successful release of Wonder Woman in June 2017, DC decided to begin deemphasizing the shared nature of their films, with DC Entertainment president Diane Nelson stating, "Our intention, certainly, moving forward is using the continuity to help make sure nothing is diverging in a way that doesn't make sense, but there's no insistence upon an overall story line or interconnectivity in that universe... Moving forward, you'll see the DC movie universe being a universe, but one that comes from the heart of the filmmaker who's creating them." Additionally, DC began focusing on films "completely separate from everything else, set entirely outside the" DCEU as part of a new label, with the first centered on the Joker.[316]
20th Century Fox
In November 2012, 20th Century Fox announced plans to create their own shared universe, consisting of Marvel properties that it holds the rights to including the Fantastic Four and X-Men, with the hiring of Mark Millar as supervising producer. Millar said, "Fox are thinking, 'We're sitting on some really awesome things here. There is another side of the Marvel Universe. Let's try and get some cohesiveness going.' So they brought me in to oversee that really. To meet with the writers and directors to suggest new ways we could take this stuff and new properties that could spin out of it."[317] X-Men: Days of Future Past, released in 2014, was Fox's first step towards expanding their stable of Marvel properties and creating this universe,[318] ahead of the release of a Fantastic Four reboot film the next year.[319] However, in May 2014, Days of Future Past and Fantastic Four screenwriter Simon Kinberg stated that the latter film would not take place in the same universe as the X-Men films, explaining that "none of the X-Men movies have acknowledged the notion of a sort of superhero team—the Fantastic Four. And the Fantastic Four acquire powers, so for them to live in a world where mutants are prevalent is kind of complicated, because you're like, 'Oh, you're just a mutant.' Like, 'What's so fantastic about you?' ... they live in discrete universes."[319] In July 2015, X-Men director Bryan Singer said that there was still potential for a crossover between the X-Men and Fantastic Four franchises, if reaction to Fantastic Four and X-Men: Apocalypse warranted it.[320]
Feeling that Singer's efforts in Apocalypse to establish a larger world, similar to the MCU, did not meet the standards established by Marvel, VanDerWerff noted that unlike Feige's ability to serve as "pseudo-showrunner", Singer is instead "steeped in film and the way movie stories have always been told", so "when it comes time to have Apocalypse dovetail with story threads from the earlier X-Men: First Class (which was directed by Matthew Vaughn), both Singer's direction and Simon Kinberg's script rely on hackneyed devices and clumsy storytelling", indicating a lack of "the kind of big-picture thinking this sort of mega franchise requires".[295]
Sony Pictures
In November 2013, Sony Pictures Entertainment Co-Chairman Amy Pascal announced that the studio intended to expand their universe created within the Marc Webb Amazing Spider-Man series, with spin-off adventures for supporting characters, in an attempt to replicate Marvel and Disney's model.[318] The next month, Sony announced Venom and Sinister Six films, both set in the Amazing Spider-Man universe. With this announcement, IGN stated that the spin-offs are "the latest example of what we can refer to as "the Avengers effect" in Hollywood, as studios work to build interlocking movie universes."[321] Sony chose not to replicate the Marvel Studios model of introducing individual characters first before bringing them together in a team-up film, instead making the Spider-Man adversaries the stars of future films.[308] However, in February 2015, Sony Pictures and Marvel Studios announced that the Spider-Man franchise would be retooled, with a new film co-produced by Feige and Pascal being released in July 2017, and the character being integrated into the MCU. Sony Pictures would continue to finance, distribute, own, and have final creative control of the Spider-Man films.[43] With this announcement, sequels to The Amazing Spider-Man 2 were canceled,[322] and by November 2015 the Venom and Sinister Six films, as well as spin-offs based on female characters in the Spider-Man universe, were no longer moving forward.[322][323] By March 2016, the Venom film had itself been retooled, to start its own franchise unrelated to the MCU Spider-Man.[324] A year later, Sony officially announced the Venom film to be in development, for an October 5, 2018 release,[325] along with a film centered on the characters Silver Sable and Black Cat known as Silver & Black.[326] Both projects were not intended to be a part of the MCU nor spin-offs to Spider-Man: Homecoming, but rather part of an intended separate shared universe known as Sony's Marvel Universe.[326][327]
After Sony canceled their shared universe plans and started sharing the Spider-Man character with Marvel Studios, multiple critics discussed their failure at replicating the MCU. Scott Meslow of The Week noted the perceived flaws of the first Amazing Spider-Man film, outside of its lead performances, and how the sequel "doubles down on all the missteps of the original while adding a few of its own. …We now have a textbook example of how not to reboot a superhero franchise, and if Sony and Marvel are wise, they'll take virtually all those lessons to heart as they chart Spider-Man's next course."[328] Scott Mendelson noted that The Amazing Spider-Man 2 "was sold as less a sequel to The Amazing Spider-Man than a backdoor pilot for Spider-Man vs. the Sinister Six. …Had Sony stuck with the original plan of a scaled-down superhero franchise, one that really was rooted in romantic drama, they would have at least stuck out in a crowded field of superhero franchises. When every superhero film is now going bigger, Amazing Spider-Man could have distinguished itself by going small and intimate." This would have saved Sony "a boatload of money", and potentially reversed the film's relative financial failure.[329]
Academia
In September 2014, the University of Baltimore announced a course beginning in the 2015 spring semester revolving around the Marvel Cinematic Universe, to be taught by Arnold T. Blumberg. "Media Genres: Media Marvels" examines "how Marvel's series of interconnected films and television shows, plus related media and comic book sources and Joseph Campbell's monomyth of the 'hero's journey', offer important insights into modern culture" as well as Marvel's efforts "to establish a viable universe of plotlines, characters, and backstories."[330][331]
Outside media
Disney theme park attractions
After the acquisition by Disney in 2009, Marvel films began to be marketed at the Innoventions attraction in Tomorrowland at Disneyland. For Iron Man 3, the exhibit, entitled Iron Man Tech Presented by Stark Industries, features the same armor display that was shown at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con, with the Marks I-VII and the new Mark XLII. In addition, there is a simulator game, titled "Become Iron Man", that uses Kinect-like technology to allow the viewer to be encased in an animated Mark XLII armor and take part in a series of "tests," in which you fire repulsor rays and fly through Tony Stark's workshop. The game is guided by J.A.R.V.I.S., who is voiced again by Paul Bettany. The exhibit also has smaller displays that include helmets and chest pieces from the earlier films and the gauntlet and boot from an action sequence in Iron Man 3.[332] The exhibit for Thor: The Dark World is called Thor: Treasures of Asgard, and features displays of Asgardian relics and transports guests to Odin's throne room, where they are greeted by Thor.[333] Captain America: The Winter Soldier's exhibit, Captain America: The Living Legend and Symbol of Courage, features a meet and greet experience.[334]
From May to September 2017, Disneyland Resort featured the "Summer of Heroes", which sees members of the Guardians and Avengers making appearances throughout the Disneyland Resort. Additionally, the Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Dance Off event was featured, which involved Peter Quill / Star-Lord blasting music from his boombox, along with the Avengers Training Initiative, a limited experience where Black Widow and Hawkeye "assemble a group of young recruits to see if they have what it takes to be an Avenger." Marvel related food and merchandise was also available throughout Hollywood Land at Disney California Adventure during the "Summer of Heroes".[335]
In March 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced three new Marvel-themed areas inspired by the MCU to Disney California Adventure, Walt Disney Studios Paris, and Hong Kong Disneyland. The developments will be designed by Walt Disney Imagineering in collaboration with Marvel Studios and Marvel Themed Entertainment.[336]
Hong Kong Disneyland
In October 2013, the Iron Man Experience attraction was announced for Hong Kong Disneyland.[337] It is set in the Tomorrowland section of the park,[338] with the area built to look like a new Stark Expo created by Tony Stark after the 2010 one, as seen in Iron Man 2,[339] with various exhibit halls that include the Mark III armor from the films.[338][340] The area also has Iron Man and Marvel-themed merchandise items and memorabilia, plus an interactive game where guests can have the chance to try on Iron Man's armor.[341] Iron Man Experience sees guests assist Iron Man in defeating Hydra throughout Hong Kong,[338] and opened on January 11, 2017.[341]
In March 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced a new Marvel-themed area inspired by the MCU to Hong Kong Disneyland and a new attraction where guests team up with Ant-Man and the Wasp, to join Iron Man Experience.[336][342] Inspired by Ant-Man and the Wasp,[343] Ant Man and the Wasp: Nano Battle! is an enclosed interactive dark ride that sees guests use laser powered weapons to team up with Ant-Man and the Wasp to defeat Arnim Zola and his army of Hydra swarm bots.[343][344] Ant Man and the Wasp: Nano Battle! replaces the Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters ride,[343] and is scheduled to open in 2019.[344]
Disney California Adventure
By San Diego Comic-Con 2016, the Tower of Terror at Disney California Adventure was set to be replaced by a new attraction, Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!. Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista and Benicio del Toro all filmed exclusive footage for the attraction, reprising their roles as Peter Quill / Star-Lord, Gamora, Drax and Taneleer Tivan / The Collector, respectively.[345][346] James Gunn, director of Guardians of the Galaxy and its sequel, directed footage for the attraction and consulted on all aspects of it.[347] Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout! sees visitors assisting Rocket to rescue the other Guardians from the Collector's fortress, while the attraction features randomized events during the experience and music inspired by the Awesome Mix Vol. 1 soundtrack. The attraction opened on May 27, 2017.[335] Despite having multiple references to the MCU, the attraction is not part of the MCU, rather the start of its own theme park universe that is inspired by the MCU.[348]
In March 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced a new Marvel-themed area inspired by the MCU to Disney California Adventure, anchored by Mission: Breakout!, that will see characters from the MCU such as Iron Man and Spider-Man join the Guardians of the Galaxy in a "completely immersive superhero universe." The area will replace the "A Bug's Land" area, which closed in mid-2018 to start construction on the Marvel area.[336][342]
Walt Disney Studios Park
In March 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced a new Marvel-themed area inspired by the MCU to Disneyland Paris' Walt Disney Studios Park. The area will include a reimagined attraction where riders will team up with Iron Man and other Avengers on a "hyper-kinetic adventure" in 2020. The park will also host the "Summer of Super Heroes" live-action stage show from June–September 2018.[336][342]
Other live attractions
Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N.
In May 2014, the Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N. (Scientific Training and Tactical Intelligence Operative Network) exhibit opened at the Discovery Times Square center. The exhibit features replica set pieces, as well as actual props from the films, mixed with interactive technology and information, crafted through a partnership with NASA and other scientists. Titus Welliver also provides a "debrief" to visitors, reprising his role as S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Felix Blake. Created by Victory Hill Exhibits, Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N. cost $7.5 million to create,[349][350] and ran through early September 2015.[351]
The exhibit also opened in South Korea at the War Memorial of Korea in April 2015,[352][353] in Paris, France, at Esplanade de La Défense a year later, and in Las Vegas at the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino in June 2016.[353] The Las Vegas version of the exhibit featured updated character details and corresponding science to incorporate the Marvel films that have released since the original exhibit in New York. Additionally, the Las Vegas version features Cobie Smulders reprising her role as Maria Hill to "debrief" visitors, replacing Welliver.[354]
GOMA exhibit
An art exhibit, titled "Marvel: Creating the Cinematic Universe", was displayed exclusively at the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art (GOMA) from May to September 2017. The exhibit, which included "300 plus objects, films, costumes, drawings and other ephemera", featured content "from the collection of Marvel Studios and Marvel Entertainment and private collections" with "significant focus [given] to the creative artists who translate the drawn narrative to the screen through production design and storyboarding, costume and prop design, and special effects and postproduction". "Marvel: Creating the Cinematic Universe" was also extended to GOMA's Australian Cinémathèque with a retrospective of the MCU films.[355]
Television specials
Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe (2014)
On March 18, 2014, ABC aired a one-hour television special titled Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe, which documented the history of Marvel Studios and the development of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and included exclusive interviews and behind-the-scenes footage from all of the films, One-Shots and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., and sneak peeks of Avengers: Age of Ultron, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Guardians of the Galaxy, unaired episodes of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.,[356] and Ant-Man.[357] Brian Lowry of Variety felt the special, "contains a pretty interesting business and creative story. While it might all make sense in hindsight, there was appreciable audacity in Marvel's plan to release five loosely connected movies from the same hero-filled world, beginning with the cinematically unproven Iron Man and culminating with superhero team The Avengers. As such, this fast-moving hour qualifies as more than just a cut-and-paste job from electronic press kits, although there's an element of that, certainly."[358] The special was released on September 9, 2014 on the home media for Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 1.[359]
Marvel 75 Years: From Pulp to Pop! (2014)
In September 2014, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. executive producer Jeffrey Bell stated that in order to meet production demands and avoid having to air repeat episodes, ABC would likely air a Marvel special in place of a regular installment at some point during the first ten episodes of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s second season.[87] In October, the special was revealed to be Marvel 75 Years: From Pulp to Pop!, which was hosted by Emily VanCamp, who portrays Agent 13 in Captain America: The Winter Soldier, and aired on November 4, 2014.[360] The special features behind the scenes footage from Avengers: Age of Ultron and Ant-Man, as well as footage from the Agent Carter television series previously screened at New York Comic-Con.[361] Brian Lowry of Variety felt an hour for the special did not "do the topic justice" adding, "For anyone who has seen more than one Marvel movie but would shrug perplexedly at the mention of Jack Kirby or Steve Ditko, Marvel 75 Years: From Pulp To Pop! should probably be required viewing. Fun, fast-paced and encompassing many of the company's highlights along with a few lowlights, it's a solid primer on Marvel's history, while weaving in inevitable self-promotion and synergistic plugs."[362] Eric Goldman of IGN also wished the special had been longer, adding, "Understandably, the more you already know about Marvel, the less you'll be surprised by Marvel 75 Years: From Pulp to Pop!, but it's important to remember who this special is really made for – a mainstream audience who have embraced the Marvel characters, via the hugely successful movies, in a way no one could have imagined."[361]
Books
In September 2015, Marvel announced the Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, named as a nod to the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe. Each guidebook is compiled by Mike O'Sullivan and the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe team, with cover art from Mike Del Mundo and Pascal Campion, and features facts about the MCU films, film-to-comic comparisons, and production stills. Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Iron Man, Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Incredible Hulk / Marvel's Iron Man 2,[363] Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Thor,[364] and Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Captain America: The First Avenger[365] released each month from October 2015 to January 2016, respectively.
Video game tie-ins
| Title | U.S. release date | Publisher | Developer | Platforms | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consoles | Handhelds | Mobile | ||||
| Iron Man | May 2, 2008[366] | Sega[366] | Secret Level[367] | PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 | – | – |
| Artificial Mind and Movement[367] | PlayStation 2, Wii, Microsoft Windows | Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable | – | |||
| Hands-On Mobile[368] | – | – | Various | |||
| The Incredible Hulk | June 5, 2008[369] | Sega[370] | Edge of Reality[369][370] | PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows, Wii | – | – |
| Amaze Entertainment[371] | – | Nintendo DS | – | |||
| Hands-On Mobile[372] | – | – | Various | |||
| Iron Man 2 | May 4, 2010[373] | Sega | Sega Studios San Francisco[373] | PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 | – | – |
| High Voltage Software[374] | Wii | PlayStation Portable | – | |||
| Griptonite Games[375] | – | Nintendo DS | – | |||
| Gameloft[376][377] | – | – | iOS, BlackBerry | |||
| Thor: God of Thunder | May 3, 2011[378] | Sega[378] | Liquid Entertainment | PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 | – | – |
| Red Fly Studio | Wii | Nintendo 3DS | – | |||
| WayForward Technologies | – | Nintendo DS | – | |||
| Captain America: Super Soldier | July 19, 2011[379] | Sega[379] | Next Level Games | PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 | – | – |
| High Voltage Software | Wii | Nintendo 3DS | – | |||
| Graphite Games | – | Nintendo DS | – | |||
| Iron Man 3: The Official Game | April 25, 2013[380] | Gameloft[380] | – | – | iOS, Android | |
| Thor: The Dark World – The Official Game | October 31, 2013[381] | Gameloft[381] | – | – | iOS, Android | |
| Captain America: The Winter Soldier – The Official Game | March 27, 2014[382] | Gameloft[383] | – | – | Windows Phone 8, iOS, Android | |
| Other video games | ||||||
| Lego Marvel's Avengers | January 26, 2016[384] | Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment | TT Games | PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Xbox One, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows, Wii U |
Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation Vita | – |
A Mini Marvel
In February 2016, a commercial for Coca-Cola mini cans aired during Super Bowl 50. A Mini Marvel was created by Wieden+Kennedy for Coca-Cola through a partnership with Marvel, and was directed by the Russo brothers.[385][386] In the ad, Ant-Man (voiced by Paul Rudd, reprising his role) and the Hulk first fight, and then bond, over a Coke mini can.[385] Luma Pictures provided visual effects for the spot, having worked previously with the two characters in MCU films. For the Hulk, Luma redefined its previous muscular system and simulation process to create and render the character, while Ant-Man received new motion capture.[386] The Super Bowl campaign extended to "limited-edition Coke mini cans [six packs] that are emblazoned with images of Marvel characters, including Hulk, Ant-Man, Black Widow, [Falcon, Iron Man] and Captain America." Consumers had the opportunity to purchase the cans by finding hidden clues in the commercial, though "if the program goes well, Coke will consider making the cans available in stores."[385] The ad had the third most social media activity of all the film-related trailers that aired during the game,[387] and was nominated for Outstanding Visual Effects in a Commercial at the 15th Visual Effects Society Awards.[388]
See also
- Outline of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
References
- ↑ Philbrick, Jami (April 26, 2010). "Kevin Fiege Talks Iron Man 2, The Avengers and More". MovieWeb. Archived from the original on March 27, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
- 1 2 Fritz, Ben; Harris, Dana (April 27, 2005). "Paramount pacts for Marvel pix". Variety. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
- ↑ Benezra, Karen (July 8, 1996). "Marvel wants to be a movie mogul". MediaWeek. VNU eMedia, Inc. 6 (28).
- 1 2 Waxman, Sharon (June 18, 2007). "Marvel Wants to Flex Its Own Heroic Muscles as a Moviemaker". The New York Times. p. 2. Archived from the original on March 31, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 Leonard, Devin (April 3, 2014). "The Pow! Bang! Bam! Plan to Save Marvel, Starring B-List Heroes". Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
- 1 2 3 Russo, Tom (April 25, 2012). "SUPER GROUP". Boston.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2013.
- ↑ Beall, Mark (September 14, 2006). "Marvel Avengers Update". Cinematical. Moviefone. Archived from the original on July 4, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ↑ Guedj, Philippe (May 2, 2014). "Avi Arad : 'J'ai pardonné à Kevin Feige, il suivait des ordres' (Exclu Daily Mars)". Daily Mars. Archived from the original on July 23, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
- ↑ Orange, B. Alan (June 5, 2009). "Marvel's Kevin Feige on the Future of The Avengers, Thor, Ant Man, Doctor Strange, and Captain America!". MovieWeb. Archived from the original on March 31, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ↑ Douglas, Edward (April 25, 2010). "Exclusive: Marvel Studios Production Head Kevin Feige". Superherohype.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2013.
- ↑ Shaw-Williams, H. (May 1, 2013). "Kevin Feige on 'Iron Man 3′ and the Shared Marvel Movie Universe". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
- ↑ Lussier, Germain (November 13, 2013). "/Film Interview: 'Thor: The Dark World' Producer Kevin Feige". /Film. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Nicholson, Max (July 21, 2014). "Marvel's Kevin Feige Explains Upcoming Slate Plan". IGN. Archived from the original on July 23, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ Couto, Anthony (February 12, 2014). "Feige: Black Widow's Past to be Explored in Avengers 2 and Possible Solo Film". IGN. Archived from the original on February 13, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ↑ Vary, Adam (October 27, 2014). "What's at Stake For Thor, Captain America, And The 'Avengers' Franchise". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
- ↑ "The Marvel Cinematic Universe Expands Through". Marvel.com. July 18, 2014. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
- ↑ Huver, Scott (July 29, 2014). "SDCC: Kevin Feige Lays Out The Map For An Ever-Expanding Cinematic Universe". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
- 1 2 3 Siegel, Lucas (October 28, 2014). "Marvel Announces Black Panther, Captain Marvel, Inhumans, Avengers: Infinity War Films, Cap & Thor 3 Subtitles". Newsarama. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
- 1 2 3 Sciretta, Peter (October 28, 2014). "Watch: All Of Your Marvel Phase 3 Questions Answered By Marvel Head Kevin Feige". /Film. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
- 1 2 3 Goldman, Eric (March 6, 2014). "The Winter Soldier: Has America Changed Too Much for Captain America?". IGN. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
- ↑ "Ant-Man Plot Points, Arrow & Sin City 2 Trailers, X-Men: Days, Avengers 2 Movie News". Newsarama. April 24, 2014. Archived from the original on April 25, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
- ↑ Sciretta, Peter (October 28, 2014). "5 Announcements We Could Get at Today's Mystery Marvel Event". /Film. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
- ↑ Masters, Kim; Belloni, Matthew (August 31, 2015). "Marvel Shake-Up: Film Chief Kevin Feige Breaks Free of CEO Ike Perlmutter (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 2, 2015. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
- 1 2 Faraci, Drew (September 2, 2015). "The Marvel Creative Committee Is Over". BirthMoviesDeath.com. Archived from the original on September 2, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
- 1 2 Kit, Borys; Masters, Kim (September 3, 2015). "Marvel's Civil War: Why Kevin Feige Demanded Emancipation from CEO Ike Perlmutter". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 3, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
- 1 2 3 Gerding, Stephen (September 30, 2015). "Feige & Latcham Say "Infinity War" Leads to the End of the Avengers – As We Know Them". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
- ↑ Breznican, Anthony (April 15, 2016). "Will the Marvel Cinematic Universe ever ... end?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ↑ Chitwood, Adam (April 21, 2017). "Kevin Feige Says the Post-'Avengers 4' MCU May Be a 'New Thing', Not 'Phase 4'". Collider. Archived from the original on April 23, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
- ↑ Robinson, Joanna (November 27, 2017). "Secrets of the Marvel Universe". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on November 30, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
- ↑ Foutch, Haleigh (May 3, 2016). "Kevin Feige Talks 'Captain America: Civil War', 'Spider-Man', 'Black Panther' and More". Collider. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
- 1 2 "The Walt Disney Company To Acquire Twenty-First Century Fox, Inc., After Spinoff of Certain Businesses, For $52.4 Billion in Stock" (Press release). The Walt Disney Company. December 14, 2017. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ↑ Moyer, Liz (June 20, 2018). "Disney raises bid for Fox assets to $71.3 billion in cash and stock, topping Comcast". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- ↑ "The Incredible Hulk to Smash into Theaters June 13, 2008". Marvel.com. November 6, 2006. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
- ↑ Finke, Nikki (September 29, 2008). "PARAMOUNT-MARVEL DEAL: Paramount To Distribute Next Five Marvel Films". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
- ↑ Kim Masters (October 18, 2010). "Disney to Distribute Marvel's 'The Avengers,' 'Iron Man 3'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ↑ Finke, Nikki (May 6, 2012). "Paramount Makes Money Off 'Avengers' Too". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
- ↑ Stewart, Andrew (May 10, 2013). "Paramount's Super Payoff for 'Iron Man 3'". Variety. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
- ↑ Graser, Marc (October 11, 2011). "Why Par, not Disney, gets 'Avengers' credit". Variety. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ↑ Fixmer, Andy; Rabil, Sarah (September 1, 2009). "Disney's Marvel Buy Traps Hollywood in Spider-Man Web (Update2)". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
- ↑ Finke, Nikki (July 2, 2013). "Disney Completes Purchase of Marvel Home Entertainment Distribution Rights". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ↑ Hughes, Mark (June 19, 2015). "Details of Marvel's 'Hulk' Film Rights – Fans Can Relax About Sequel". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
...despite obtaining the cinematic rights to make Hulk movies, Marvel did not obtain distribution rights. Universal held those rights... the exact situation is that Universal currently retains the right of first refusal to distribute any Hulk films in the future. If for some reason Universal chose to forgo distribution, then Disney would immediately pick up the distribution rights for the Hulk movie.
- ↑ Kilday, Gregg (June 24, 2015). "How Marvel's Hulk Got Caught Between Studios". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
- 1 2 3 "Sony Pictures Entertainment Brings Marvel Studios into The Amazing World of Spider-Man". Marvel.com. February 9, 2015. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
- ↑ Fritz, Ben (February 9, 2015). "Marvel and Sony Reach Deal on Spider-Man Movie Production". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (April 21, 2016). "Robert Downey, Jr. Joins 'Spider-Man: Homecoming'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ↑ Faraci, Devin (June 28, 2015). "Kevin Feige: Next Spider-Man Will Have New Villains, John Hughes Vibe". Birth. Movies. Death. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
- ↑ Fritz, Ben (June 30, 2017). "'Spider-Man:' A $175 Million Commercial for Disney Toys". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017. (Subscription required (help)).
- ↑ Andreeva, Natalie (June 28, 2010). "Marvel Entertainment Launches TV Division". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
- ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (July 27, 2012). "ABC And Marvel Eying 'Avengers'-Themed TV Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
- ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (August 28, 2012). "ABC Greenlights 'S.H.I.E.L.D' Marvel Pilot, Joss Whedon To Co-Write & Possibly Direct". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ↑ "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D". ABC Studios. April 6, 2013. Archived from the original on April 6, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
- 1 2 Goldberg, Lesley (January 17, 2014). "Marvel's 'Agent Carter': Hayley Atwell, Writers, Showrunners Confirmed for ABC Drama". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
- 1 2 3 Andreeva, Nellie (October 2, 2015). "Marvel Comics 'Damage Control' Adapted As Comedy TV Series By ABC". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
- ↑ Siegel, Lucas (January 14, 2016). "EXCLUSIVE: Marvel TV's Jeph Loeb Comments on Rumored Comedy Series". ComicBook.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
- ↑ Rose, Lacey (May 17, 2016). "ABC Entertainment Chief Talks 'Castle's' Demise, Shonda Rhimes' Future and More Marvel". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 17, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
- 1 2 "'Marvel's The Inhumans' Coming To IMAX & ABC in 2017". Marvel.com. November 14, 2016. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ↑ Goldberg, Lesley (November 14, 2016). "Marvel, ABC Set 'The Inhumans' TV Series". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (February 28, 2017). "'Marvel's Inhumans': 'Hell on Wheels' Anson Mount To Star As Black Bolt in ABC Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
- ↑ Barnes, Brooks (November 14, 2016). "Marvel's 'Inhumans' TV Series Will Arrive via Imax Theaters". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
- 1 2 Goldberg, Lesley (November 21, 2016). "Why ABC's Deal to Bring Marvel's 'The Inhumans' to Imax Is a 'Quadruple Win'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
- ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (October 14, 2013). "Marvel Preps 60-Episode Package of Four Series & A Mini For VOD & Cable Networks". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ↑ Lieberman, David (November 7, 2013). "Disney To Provide Netflix With Four Series Based on Marvel Characters". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
- ↑ Graser, Marc (November 7, 2013). "Why Disney Chose to Put Marvel's New TV Shows on Netflix". Variety. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
- ↑ Li, Shirley (January 14, 2017). "The Defenders: How Marvel's street-level heroes landed on Netflix". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 14, 2017. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
- ↑ Cornet, Roth (April 8, 2015). "Daredevil: How the Netflix Series Will Change the Marvel Cinematic Universe". IGN. Archived from the original on April 9, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
- 1 2 Blackmon, Joe (April 27, 2014). "Marvel Netflix Series Part of Marvel Cinematic Universe, Available For Binge Watching According To Joe Quesada". ComicBook.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
- ↑ Hibberd, Jane (December 29, 2014). "'Daredevil': 7 things we learned about Netflix's new series". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 30, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
- ↑ Goldman, Eric (January 7, 2015). "Netflix Clarifies Release Plans For Marvel Series After Daredevil". IGN. Archived from the original on January 8, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
- ↑ Hibberd, James (January 17, 2016). "Netflix open to more Marvel shows: Any character could get spin-off". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 18, 2016. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- 1 2 Hibberd, James (April 29, 2016). "Marvel's The Punisher spin-off ordered by Netflix". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
- ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (July 27, 2016). "Netflix Boss Ted Sarandos Talks Ratings, New Original Programming Spending Increase & 'Stranger Things' Renewal – TCA". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 28, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
- ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (August 17, 2016). "Hulu Orders 'Marvel's Runaways' Series From Josh Schwartz & Stephanie Savage". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
- ↑ Goldberg, Lesley (May 3, 2017). "Marvel's 'Runaways,' From 'The O.C.' Creators, Ordered to Series at Hulu". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
- ↑ Velocci, Carli (July 27, 2017). "Does 'Runaways' Connect With the Marvel Cinematic Universe? Sort Of". The Wrap. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
- ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (July 31, 2017). "Marvel TV-Netflix New York Projects Will Count 135 Episodes By Year's End; Record Production Commitment in State's History". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ↑ Littleton, Cynthia (November 9, 2017). "New 'Star Wars' Trilogy in Works With Rian Johnson, TV Series Also Coming to Disney Streaming Service". Variety. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
- ↑ Sciretta, Peter (July 6, 2018). "Kevin Feige Explains How They Planned 'Ant-Man and The Wasp' Alongside 'Infinity War,' the Disney Streaming Service and More [Interview]". /Film. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- 1 2 Kroll, Justin (September 18, 2018). "Loki, Scarlet Witch, Other Marvel Heroes to Get Own TV Series on Disney Streaming Service (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
- 1 2 Patten, Dominic (October 12, 2018). "Netflix Knocks Out 'Marvel's Iron Fist', No Season 3 For Martial Arts Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
- ↑ Goldberg, Lesley (October 12, 2018). "'Iron Fist' Canceled After Two Seasons at Netflix". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
- 1 2 Wagmeister, Elizabeth (April 7, 2016). "Freeform Greenlights Marvel Romance Superhero Series 'Cloak and Dagger' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- 1 2 Goldberg, Lesley (November 11, 2016). "Freeform's Fraught Year: Inside the Rebranded Network's Chase for Millennials (and a Hit Show)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 11, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
- ↑ "Freeform Continues to Grow Its Programming Slate with New Series, Pilots, Returning Series and More". The Futon Critic. April 7, 2016. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
- ↑ Goldberg, Lesley (April 5, 2017). "Marvel's 'New Warriors,' With Squirrel Girl, Ordered Straight-to-Series at Freeform (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
- 1 2 Goldberg, Lesley (July 27, 2017). "Hulu's 'Runaways' 'Lives in the Same World' as Other Marvel Fare". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
- ↑ Goldberg, Lesley (November 1, 2017). "Marvel's 'New Warriors' Won't Air on Freeform, Series Will Be Shopped Elsewhere (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
- 1 2 Connelly, Brendon (September 11, 2014). "Exclusive! Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Showrunner Talks Interconnection With Avengers: Age Of Ultron, Agent Carter, & Marvel Cinematic Universe". Comicbook.com. Archived from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
- ↑ Ellwood, Gregory (March 23, 2014). "10 things we learned at the 'Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.' Paleyfest panel". HitFix. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- 1 2 Strauss, Gerry (September 9, 2015). "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Executive Producer Jeff Bell on What to Expect in Season Three and Beyond". Paste. Archived from the original on October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
- ↑ Goldberg, Lesley (April 1, 2014). "'Agents of SHIELD' EPs Respond to Critics: Don't Expect a Marvel Movie Every Week". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 27, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
- ↑ Fitzpatrick, Kevin (January 3, 2016). "Joss Whedon Defends 'Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.' Comments, Says Marvel TV Gets 'Leftovers'". ScreenCrush. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
- ↑ Tanswell, Adam (March 4, 2015). "Marvel's Head of TV talks Agents of SHIELD, Inhumans and Netflix". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on March 8, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- ↑ Topei, Fred (July 29, 2016). "Why Marvel TV Characters Are Unlikely to Appear in Marvel Films [TCA 2016]". /Film. Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
- ↑ Hood, Cooper (April 3, 2017). "Spider-Man: Homecoming Producer Wants to See Defenders References". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
- ↑ Eames, Tom (January 16, 2017). "Daredevil star Vincent D'Onofrio says he doubts he'll ever be in a Marvel movie as Kingpin". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on January 17, 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
- ↑ Palmer, Frank (March 19, 2017). "Exclusive: Anthony Mackie Says Marvel TV and Movie Crossover Wouldn't Work At All". Screen Geek. Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
- ↑ Lussier, Germain (May 5, 2017). "Kevin Feige Thinks That Eventually, Marvel TV and Movies Will Cross Over". io9. Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
- ↑ Abrams, Natalie (March 9, 2018). "Will the Avengers discover that Agent Coulson is still alive?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on March 12, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
- ↑ Grebey, James (October 19, 2017). "There's a Reason Why We Don't See Avengers Tower in Marvel's TV Shows". Inverse. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
- ↑ Mitovich, Matthew Webb (June 7, 2018). "Marvel TV Boss on Defenders' Future, Thanos' Snap and [Spoiler] Suiting Up". TV Line. Archived from the original on June 8, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
- ↑ Tobin, Paul (October 20, 2008). "Paul Tobin on Iron Man: Fast Friends". Newsarama. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
- ↑ Wigler, Josh (November 1, 2010). "Joe Quesada Outlines Plans For 'Marvel Cinematic Universe' Comics With Movie Creators". MTV. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (May 17, 2010). "Iron Man 2: Comic Tie-ins Ezpand Story!". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
- ↑ Richards, David (February 25, 2015). "Exploring Untold Tales of the Marvel Cinematic Universe in Comics Form". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on February 28, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
- 1 2 3 Strom, Marc (August 2, 2011). "Marvel One-Shots: Expanding the Cinematic Universe". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
- ↑ Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe. Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: The Complete First Season Home media, bonus material: ABC Home Entertainment. 2014.
- ↑ Graser, Marc (July 23, 2013). "How Marvel is Turning to Short Films to Sell More DVDs, Blu-rays". Variety. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 Breznican, Anthony (July 3, 2012). "First Look: Marvel unveils top-secret 'Avengers' short film 'Item 47' – Exclusive". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ↑ Marston, George (March 29, 2015). "ECCC 2015: Marvel Talks About Animated 'AVENGERS DISASSEMBLED' And Possible MCU Tie-Ins". Newsarama. Archived from the original on April 4, 2015. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
- 1 2 3 Collinson, Gary (July 2, 2015). "Leslie Bibb's Christine Everhart returns in Ant-Man viral video, plus new featurette". Flickering Myth. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- ↑ Fitzpatrick, Kevin (December 7, 2016). "'Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.' Sets 'Slingshot' Digital Series for December Hiatus". Screen Crush. Archived from the original on December 7, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
- ↑ McIntyre, Gina (January 10, 2014). "'Captain America': Chris Evans fights evil, and the present, in 'Winter Soldier'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
- ↑ Goldman, Eric (March 6, 2014). "The Winter Soldier: Has America Changed Too Much for Captain America?". IGN. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
- ↑ Laporte, Nicole (February 21, 2018). "The Marvel Studios Mind-Set For Making Hit After Hit". Fast Company. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
- 1 2 Sciretta, Peter (November 4, 2016). "Kevin Feige on How a Marvel Movie Like 'Doctor Strange' Is Developed, & Why Time Travel Won't Ruin the MCU". /Film. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- 1 2 3 Foutch, Haleigh (April 30, 2016). "The Russo Brothers on What It Takes to Land a Marvel Directing Gig". Collider. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ↑ Sullivan, Kevin P. (August 27, 2014). "Will 'Captain America 3′ Be The End of His Story?". MTV. Archived from the original on March 11, 2015. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
- ↑ Bibbiani, William (September 9, 2014). "The Russo Brothers on Captain America 2 & Captain America 3". CraveOnline. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
- ↑ Holloway, Daniel (July 19, 2017). "Marvel Television's Jeph Loeb Talks Studio's Rise, Importance of Netflix's 'Daredevil'". Variety. Archived from the original on July 22, 2017.
- ↑ Romano, Nick. "Exclusive: 'Daredevil' Star Vincent D'Onofrio Talks Kingpin, Marvel Fans and 'Defenders' Crossover". ScreenCrush. Archived from the original on August 25, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (February 25, 2009). "Jackson's Fury in flurry of Marvel films". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 13, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ↑ Perry, Spencer (July 26, 2014). "Comic-Con Interview: Kevin Feige Talks The Future of the Marvel Cinematic Universe". Superhero Hype!. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
- ↑ "Dardevil's Charlie Cox About His New-Found Love of Comic Books". Close-Up Film. April 25, 2015. Archived from the original on April 28, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ↑ Tilly, Chris (October 1, 2014). "Adrianne Palicki Says Mockingbird Joining The Avengers Has Been Discussed". IGN. Archived from the original on October 2, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
- ↑ "Rosario Dawson Returns to Hell's Kitchen in the Netflix Original Series 'Marvel's Daredevil' Season 2 & More". Marvel.com. May 8, 2015. Archived from the original on May 8, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
- ↑ Radish, Christina (April 21, 2017). "Rosario Dawson on 'Unforgettable' and the Revenge of the Ex". Collider. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
- ↑ White, Brett (August 23, 2016). "Charlie Cox Reveals Where 'Luke Cage' Falls in the Marvel/Netflix Timeline". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on August 23, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2016.
- ↑ Fischer, Russ (August 8, 2012). "Marvel Has Joss Whedon on Contract Through 2015". /Film. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
- ↑ Yamato, Jen (March 7, 2013). "Joss Whedon Q&A on Eve of SXSW". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
- ↑ Franklin, Oliver (June 13, 2013). "GQ&A: Joss Whedon on S.H.I.E.LD, Shakespeare and Star Wars". GQ. Archived from the original on September 18, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
- ↑ Lussier, Germain (April 11, 2016). "Avengers: Infinity War Parts 1 and 2 Will Be Very Different Movies". io9. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ↑ Couch, Aaron (July 2, 2018). "'Ant-Man and the Wasp' Director on Wooing Michelle Pfeiffer and His Marvel Future". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- 1 2 Li, Shirley (January 13, 2017). "The Defenders EP talks juggling four heroes – and the 'crisis' that unites them". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ↑ Couch, Aaron (April 17, 2017). "'Guardians of the Galaxy 3': James Gunn Returning to Write and Direct". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017.
- ↑ Kit, Borys; Couch, Aaron (July 20, 2018). "James Gunn Fired as Director of 'Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ↑ Fleming Jr., Mike (July 20, 2018). "James Gunn Fired From 'Guardians Of The Galaxy' Franchise Over Offensive Tweets". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- 1 2 3 Trumbore, Dave (May 1, 2018). "MCU Timeline Explained: From Infinity Stones to Infinity War and Beyond". Collider. Archived from the original on July 5, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- 1 2 McClintock, Pamela (April 27, 2006). "Marvel Making Deals for Title Wave". Variety. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2008.
- ↑ Jensen, Jeff (April 17, 2008). "Iron Man: Summer's first Marvel?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on March 28, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2008.
- ↑ Cairns, Bryan (October 3, 2011). "Director Louis Leterrier Talks Incredible Hulk". Newsarama.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
- ↑ Juarez, Vanessa (July 26, 2008). "Comic-Con: 'Incredible Hulk' screenwriter Zak Penn discusses strife with Edward Norton". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 21, 2013.
- ↑ Finke, Nikki (July 9, 2008). "So What Was All The Fuss About? Marvel Locks in Jon Favreau For 'Iron Man 2′". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 21, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2012.
- ↑ Graser, Marc (July 15, 2008). "Theroux to write 'Iron Man' sequel". Variety. Archived from the original on August 24, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
- ↑ Fleming, Michael (September 28, 2008). "Branagh in talks to direct 'Thor'". Variety. Archived from the original on April 18, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2008.
- ↑ "Thor Movie: New Release Date! May 6, 2011". Marvel.com. January 7, 2010. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (November 9, 2008). "'Captain America' recruits director". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
- ↑ Kit, Borys; Fernandez, Jay A. (November 18, 2008). "'Captain America' enlists two scribes". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2008. . (First paragraph; subscription required for full story.)
- ↑ Graser, Marc (April 13, 2010). "Whedon to head 'Avengers'". Variety. Archived from the original on April 25, 2011. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
- 1 2 "Shane Black talks direction of Iron Man 3 and whether or not to expect more Marvel cameos!". Ain't It Cool News. March 7, 2011. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
- ↑ Fleming, Mike (March 31, 2011). "Marvel Taps Its 'Runaways' Scribe Drew Pearce To Write 'Iron Man 3′ Script". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
- ↑ Fleming Jr., Mike (December 24, 2011). "'Thor 2′ Director Will Be 'Game of Thrones' Helmer Alan Taylor". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 27, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
- ↑ "'Thor: The Dark World' Official Synopsis Released". StitchKingdom.com. October 12, 2012. Archived from the original on September 19, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
- ↑ Sneider, Jeff (June 6, 2012). "Russo brothers tapped for 'Captain America 2': Disney and Marvel in final negotiations with 'Community' producers to helm pic". Variety. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved July 3, 2012.
- ↑ Marshall, Rick (April 14, 2011). "'Captain America' Writers Talk Sequel, Post-'Avengers' Plans, And The Marvel Movie-Verse". MTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
- ↑ "Marvel Studios Begins Production on Guardians of the Galaxy". Marvel.com. July 20, 2013. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
- 1 2 Graser, Marc (July 25, 2014). "James Gunn to Write, Direct 'Guardians of the Galaxy' Sequel". Variety. Archived from the original on July 26, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ↑ Graser, Marc (August 7, 2012). "Joss Whedon will return for 'The Avengers 2'". Variety. Archived from the original on August 7, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
- ↑ "Director Peyton Reed and Writer Adam McKay Join Marvel's Ant-Man". Marvel.com. June 7, 2014. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
- ↑ Sneider, Jeff (April 22, 2015). "Marvel's 'Ant-Man' Resolves Writing Credit Dispute (Exclusive)". The Wrap. Archived from the original on April 23, 2015. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
- 1 2 Weintraub, Steve (March 11, 2014). "Directors Joe & Anthony Russo Confirm They'll Direct Captain America 3; Say They're Breaking the Story Now with Screenwriters Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely". Collider.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
- ↑ Siegel, Tatiana; Kit, Borys (June 3, 2014). "Scott Derrickson to Direct Marvel's 'Doctor Strange'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 3, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ↑ "Doctor Strange" (PDF). Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 30, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ↑ "Sony Pictures and Marvel Studios Find Their 'Spider-Man' Star and director" (Press release). Marvel.com. June 23, 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (July 23, 2016). "SDCC 2016: 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' Introduces Its Villain". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ↑ Fleming, Mike (October 15, 2015). "Mark Ruffalo Bringing Hulk Into 'Thor: Ragnarok'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ↑ Couch, Aaron (November 2, 2017). "'Thor: Ragnarok' Writer on the Secret to Revitalizing a Franchise". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
- ↑ Keyes, Rob (October 16, 2017). "Why Isn't Lady Sif in Thor: Ragnarok?". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (January 11, 2016). "Ryan Coogler to Direct Marvel's 'Black Panther'". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
- ↑ Patterson, Brandon Ellington (February 6, 2016). "Oscars So White? Black Panther to the Rescue". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
- ↑ Foutch, Haleigh (April 11, 2016). "'Black Panther': Kevin Feige Reveals Ryan Coogler Is Co-Writing; Talks Filming Dates". Collider. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
- 1 2 Strom, Marc (April 7, 2015). "Joe & Anthony Russo to Direct 2-Part Marvel's 'Avengers: Infinity War' Event". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
- 1 2 Strom, Mark (May 7, 2015). "Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely to Write Marvel's 2-Part 'Avengers: Infinity War' Event". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on May 8, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
- ↑ Cabin, Chris (November 13, 2015). "'Ant-Man and the Wasp': Michael Douglas Eyeing Return for Sequel". Collider. Archived from the original on November 13, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
- ↑ Perry, Spencer (August 1, 2017). "Production Officially Begins on Ant-Man and the Wasp!". ComingSoon.net. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (October 8, 2015). "Marvel Studios Phase 3 Update". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2015. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ Kroll, Justin (April 19, 2017). "'Captain Marvel' Finds Directors in Anna Boden, Ryan Fleck (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
- ↑ Dinh, Christine (March 26, 2018). "Production Underway on Marvel Studios' 'Captain Marvel'". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on March 26, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
- ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (December 9, 2016). "'Spider-Man: Homecoming 2' Shoots Web Around Independence Day 2019 Frame; 'Bad Boys 4' Moves To Memorial Day". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on December 10, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- ↑ Hood, Cooper (December 9, 2017). "Kevin Feige Confirms Jon Watts Will Direct Spider-Man: Homecoming 2". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on December 9, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
- ↑ Vlessing, Etan; Kit, Borys (May 21, 2018). "Jake Gyllenhaal in Talks to Star in 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' Sequel". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (August 24, 2018). "'Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3' Production Put On Hold (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (August 8, 2018). "James Gunn in Demand for Major Studio Movies After Disney Firing". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on August 9, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ↑ Littleton, Cynthia (August 28, 2012). "ABC orders Marvel 'S.H.I.E.L.D' pilot". Variety. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
- ↑ Goldberg, Lesley (May 14, 2018). "'Agents of SHIELD' Renewed for Abbreviated Sixth Season at ABC". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 14, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
- ↑ Jacobs, Mira (August 13, 2018). "Agents of SHIELD Season 6 Confirmed For July 2019 Debut". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
- ↑ McIntrye, Gina (January 2, 2015). "'Agent Carter': Hayley Atwell reprises capable 1940s spy for Marvel TV show". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
- ↑ Petski, Denise (June 26, 2017). "'Marvel's Inhumans' Gets Premiere Date on ABC". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (December 6, 2016). "'Marvel's The Inhumans' Finds Its Showrunner". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Steven S. DeKnight Joins 'Marvel's Daredevil'". Marvel.com. May 24, 2014. Archived from the original on May 24, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
- ↑ Cavanaugh, Patrick (April 21, 2015). "Netflix Orders a Second Season of 'Marvel's Daredevil'". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
- ↑ Dinh, Christine (October 25, 2017). "Vincent D'Onofrio Returns As Wilson Fisk in Season 3 Of 'Marvel's Daredevil'". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
- ↑ Couch, Aaron (November 12, 2013). "Melissa Rosenberg to Oversee Marvel's Jessica Jones Series for Netflix". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
- ↑ Petski, Denise (April 12, 2018). "Marvel's 'Jessica Jones' Renewed For Season 3 By Netflix". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
- ↑ Spangler, Todd (March 31, 2015). "Netflix, Marvel Pick 'Luke Cage' Showrunner, Cheo Hodari Coker". Variety. Archived from the original on March 31, 2015. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (December 7, 2015). "Scott Buck to Showrun the Netflix Original Series 'Marvel's Iron Fist'". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on December 7, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
- ↑ Hibberd, James (July 22, 2017). "Iron Fist changing showrunners for season 2". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on July 22, 2017. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ↑ Lederer, Donnie; Pockross, Adam (June 28, 2018). "Exclusive: Jeph Loeb on Keeping The Defenders Dream Alive and Punisher Season 2". Syfy Wire. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
- ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (August 17, 2016). "Hulu Orders 'Marvel's Runaways' Series From Josh Schwartz & Stephanie Savage". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
- 1 2 Mitovich, Matt Webb (August 13, 2018). "Marvel's Runaways Gets Season 2 Premiere Date — and MCU Connection?". TVLine. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
- 1 2 Patten, Dominic; Petski, Denise (July 20, 2018). "'Marvel's Cloak & Dagger' Renewed For Season 2 By Freeform – Comic-Con". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- 1 2 3 Goldberg, Lesly (April 5, 2017). "Marvel's 'New Warriors,' With Squirrel Girl, Ordered Straight-to-Series at Freeform (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
- ↑ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (August 20, 2015). "Marvel's Mockingbird Series Starring Adrianne Palicki Lands ABC Pilot Order (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on August 21, 2015. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- 1 2 Manning, Shaun (July 22, 2013). "SDCC: Marvel Debuts Atwell's 'Agent Carter One-Shot'". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
- 1 2 Breznican, Anthony (January 9, 2014). "Marvel One-Shot: First Look at Ben Kingsley's Mandarin encore in 'All Hail the King' short film – Exclusive". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
- 1 2 Garcia, James (June 25, 2015). "Iron Man actress Leslie Bibb teases return to the Marvel Cinematic Universe". Flickering Myth. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- ↑ Smith, Alanna (July 19, 2015). "WHiH Newsfront is a Real Marvel Cinematic Universe News Channel". Geek Chic Elite. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- 1 2 "Iron Man: I Am Iron Man! (2010) #1". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 "Iron Man 2: From Film to Comics". Marvel.com. September 13, 2010. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
- ↑ "Captain America: The First Avenger's First Vengeance". Marvel.com. September 6, 2011. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
- ↑ "Captain America: First Vengeance (2011) #1". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
- ↑ "Captain America: First Vengeance (2010) #3". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
- 1 2 "Writing The Avengers Movie Prelude". Marvel.com. March 6, 2012. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ "Marvel's The Avengers Prelude: Fury's Big Week (2011) #1". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
- ↑ Arrant, Chris (April 9, 2012). "To Russia with Guns: The Black Widow Strikes". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
- ↑ "Marvel's The Avengers: Black Widow Strikes (2012) #1". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- 1 2 "Marvel's Iron Man 2 Adaptation (2012)". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- 1 2 TFAW (January 16, 2013). "Marvels Thor Adaptation #1 (of 2)". TFAW. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
- 1 2 "Marvel's Iron Man 3 Prelude (2012) #1". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
- 1 2 "Marvel's Thor: The Dark World Prelude 2 (2012) #1". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
- ↑ "Marvel's Thor: The Dark World Prelude 2 (2012) #2". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on November 3, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
- 1 2 "Marvel's Captain America: The First Avenger Adaptation (2013 – PRESENT)". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- 1 2 "Read a Prelude to Captain America: The Winter Soldier". Marvel.com. January 30, 2014. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
- 1 2 "Marvel's Guardians Of The Galaxy Prequel Infinite Comic". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
- ↑ Arrant, Chris (March 18, 2014). "Abnett & Lanning Put the Band Back Together for Guardians of the Galaxy Movie Prequel". Newsarama. Archived from the original on March 18, 2014.
- 1 2 "Marvel Comics FULL DECEMBER 2014 SOLICITATIONS". Newsarama. September 16, 2014. Archived from the original on March 1, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- 1 2 "'Darth Vader' Arrives, 'Spider-Verse' Concludes in Marvel's February 2015 Solicitations". Comic Book Resources. November 18, 2014. Archived from the original on November 18, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
- 1 2 Arrant, Chris (February 3, 2015). "Marvel's Surprise, Official AGE OF ULTRON Prequel Has Wanda & Pietro SPOILERS". Newsarama. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
- 1 2 "Marvel's Ant-Man – Scott Lang: Small Time MCU Infinite Comic #1". Comixology. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
- 1 2 Arrant, Chris (October 7, 2015). "Bendis & Gaydos Return With New Jessica Jones Book – Today". Newsarama. Archived from the original on October 7, 2015. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
- 1 2 "MARVEL COMICS December 2015 Solicitations". Newsarama. September 15, 2015. Archived from the original on September 16, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
- 1 2 Pilgrim, Will Corona (w), Ferguson, Lee and Sudzuka, Goran and Mogorron, Guillermo (p), Rosenberg, Rachelle (i). Marvel's Captain America: Civil War Prelude Infinite Comic 1 (February 10, 2016), Marvel Comics
- 1 2 "Marvel Comics JULY 2016 Solicitations". Newsarama. April 19, 2016. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- ↑ "MARVEL COMICS January 2017 Solicitations". Newsarama. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
- 1 2 "MARVEL COMICS FULL MARCH 2017 Solicitations". Newsarama. December 20, 2016. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
- 1 2 "MARVEL COMICS Full JULY 2017 Solicitations". Newsarama. April 18, 2017. Archived from the original on April 18, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
- 1 2 Johnston, Rich (July 25, 2017). "Marvel Comics To Publish Cinematic Universe 'Black Panther' Origin And 'Infinity War' Preludes". Bleeding Cool. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
- 1 2 Marvel's Avengers: Infinity War Prelude. Amazon. ASIN 1302909436.
- 1 2 3 Marvel's Ant-Man and the Wasp Prelude. Amazon. ASIN 1302909444.
- ↑ "MARVEL COMICS January 2016 Solicitations". Newsarama. October 20, 2015. Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ↑ "MARVEL COMICS January 2017 Solicitations". Newsrama. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
- 1 2 "MARVEL COMICS January 2018 Solicitations". Newsarama. October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
- 1 2 "MARVEL COMICS February 2018 Solicitations". Newsarama. November 21, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
- ↑ "Titus Welliver Set to Return as Agent Blake in Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." Marvel.com. October 10, 2013. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
- ↑ Honeycutt, Kirk (July 20, 2011). "Captain America: The First Avenger: Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
- 1 2 3 Fletcher, Rosie (July 19, 2013). "Marvel's Agent Carter reaction: Comic-Con 2013". Total Film. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
- ↑ "NYCC 2012: Coulson Lives in Marvel's S.H.I.E.L.D." Marvel.com. October 13, 2012. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Watch Marvel's Agents of SHIELD: Slingshot in Full!". ComingSoon.net. December 13, 2016. Archived from the original on December 14, 2016. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 Fischer, Ross; Sciretta, Peter (July 16, 2015). "'Ant-Man' Viral: Interviews With Scott Lang and Pym Technologies CEO Darren Cross". /Film. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- 1 2 Goellner, Caleb (July 8, 2011). "The Howling Commandos and HYDRA Get Serious in New 'Captain America' Images". ComicsAlliance. Archived from the original on March 23, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
- 1 2 Logan, Michael (September 10, 2014). "First Look: Haley Atwell's Agent Carter on Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." TV Guide. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
- ↑ "Iron Man 3 Notes" (pdf). Marvel.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 18, 2013. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
- ↑ Fitzpatrick, Kevin (September 29, 2015). "Review: 'Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.' Breaks the 'Laws of Nature,' Gets Inhumanly Good in Season 3". Screen Crush. Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
- ↑ Lesnick, Silas (May 3, 2016). "WHIH Sits Down With Marvel Cinematic Universe President Ellis". SuperHeroHype. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
- 1 2 Goldberg, Lesley (November 13, 2012). "Joss Whedon's 'S.H.I.E.L.D.' Pilot Adds Two Agents (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ↑ Fleming, Michael (February 25, 2009). "Samuel Jackson joins 'Iron' cast". Variety. Archived from the original on August 21, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2009.
- ↑ Hibberd, James (October 2, 2013). "'Agents of SHIELD' ratings slip; Samuel L. Jackson makes cameo". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
- ↑ Snider, Mike (June 9, 2009). "First look: Mickey Rourke suits up as Whiplash for 'Iron Man 2'". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 21, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
- ↑ Wheeler, Andrew (March 28, 2014). "Gay Punchlines, LGBT Visibility and Marvel Studios' One-Shot 'All Hail The King'". Comics Alliance. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
- ↑ Goldberg, Lesley (July 19, 2013). "Cobie Smulders' Comic-Con Reveal: Secret 'Agents of SHIELD' Role". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (December 10, 2014). "Debriefing the Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Winter Finale". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
- ↑ Fitzpatrick, Kevin (April 7, 2015). "'Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.' 'Afterlife': What Does That Major Marvel Return Mean for 'Age of Ultron'?". ScreenCrush. Archived from the original on April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- ↑ Abrams, Natalie (October 3, 2016). "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. officially reveals new director's identity". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 3, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (August 7, 2014). "Henry Simmons Joins Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." Marvel.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
- ↑ Abrams, Natalie (October 15, 2015). "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. adds Powers Boothe in 'incredibly menacing' role". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 15, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
- ↑ "Former Colchester schoolgirl lands role in latest Marvel blockbuster". Clacton Gazette. October 24, 2016. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
- ↑ Siegel, Lucas (October 14, 2016). "First Look at Major Runaways Easter Eggs in Doctor Strange". Comicbook.com. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
- ↑ Dinh, Christine (February 9, 2017). "'Marvel's Runaways' Sets Remaining Cast For Television Project With Hulu". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
- ↑ Lovett, Jamie (February 16, 2016). "EXCLUSIVE: Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Casts Natalia Cordova-Buckley As Slingshot". ComicBook.com. Archived from the original on February 16, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (September 23, 2009). "Lightning strikes two more actors for 'Thor'". The Hollywood Reporter. Reuters. Archived from the original on October 21, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
- ↑ Logan, Michael (February 10, 2014). "First Look: Thor Star Jaimie Alexander Meets the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." TV Guide. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
- 1 2 White, Cindy (August 29, 2011). "First Impression: Thor 3D Blu-ray Special Features". IGN. Archived from the original on May 27, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ↑ "Declassifying Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: The Hub". Marvel.com. October 24, 2013. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
- 1 2 "(#515) 'Rise and Shine'". The Futon Critic. Archived from the original on March 12, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
- ↑ Truitt, Brian (October 26, 2012). "Ben Kingsley makes for a scary Mandarin in 'Iron Man 3'". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ↑ Holtreman, Vic (August 22, 2013). "Iron Man 2: Set Visit, Story Details & Meet Howard Stark". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ↑ Vejvoda, Jim (June 4, 2009). "Iron Man 2 Sneak Peek". IGN. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
- ↑ Philbrick, Jami (June 21, 2011). "Dominic Cooper talks 'Captain America: The First Avenger'". IAmRogue.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (September 30, 2014). "Dominic Cooper Returns as Howard Stark in Marvel's Agent Carter". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on September 30, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
- ↑ "'Agent Carter' Premiere Date Announced; Whiplash's Dad Cast". TVWeb. November 5, 2014. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
- ↑ Steinbeiser, Andrew (November 5, 2014). "Exclusive: Costa Ronin Cast as Anton Vanko in Marvel's Agent Carter". Comicbook.com. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014. Retrieved November 5, 2014.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (January 15, 2014). "'Dracula' Actor to Play Villain in 'Avengers: Age of Ultron'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Toby Jones to Play Arnim Zola in Captain America". ComingSoon. May 7, 2010. Archived from the original on July 5, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
- ↑ Schwartz, Terri (February 24, 2015). "'Agent Carter' Season 1 finale surprise gets HYDRA's return started". Zap2it. Archived from the original on February 25, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
- ↑ Kroll, Justin (February 6, 2014). "Paul Bettany to Play the Vision in Marvel's 'Avengers: Age of Ultron'". Variety. Archived from the original on February 7, 2014. Retrieved February 7, 2014.
- ↑ "Marvel Studios Begins Production on Marvel's 'Captain America: Civil War'". Marvel.com. May 7, 2015. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
- ↑ Simpson, George (September 26, 2016). "Benedict Cumberbatch's Doctor Strange CONFIRMED for Avengers: Infinity War". Daily Express. Archived from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
- ↑ Commandeur, Jordan (March 25, 2017). "Iron Fist: 15 Easter Eggs And References". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
- 1 2 Libbey, Dirk (May 15, 2017). "The Mistake James Gunn Admits He Left in Guardians of the Galaxy 2". Cinema Blend. Archived from the original on May 15, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
- 1 2 Lovett, Jamie (May 14, 2017). "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Nearly Included A Deadpool Movie Reference". ComicBook.com. Archived from the original on May 14, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
- ↑ Leadbeater, Alex (April 27, 2017). "Kevin Feige Endorses Stan Lee MCU Cameo Fan Theory". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on April 28, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
- ↑ Fritz, Ben (May 7, 2012). "The Marvel Cinematic Universe". Herald & Review. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
- ↑ Outlaw, Kofi (June 6, 2012). "Marvel's 'Avengers' Movie Universe: Was it Worth It?". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
- ↑ Mendelson, Scott (October 31, 2013). "Review: 'Thor: The Dark World' Is Flimsy But Functional". Forbes. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
- ↑ Goldberg, Matt (August 2, 2011). "Editorial: What Did Marvel Disassemble to Make THE AVENGERS?". Collider. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
- 1 2 3 VanDerWerff, Todd (May 12, 2016). "How Marvel films like Captain America: Civil War became the world's biggest TV show". Vox. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
- ↑ McNamara, Mary (May 13, 2014). "'Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.' is a true television marvel". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 19, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
- ↑ Schwartz, Terri (May 2, 2014). "'Marvel's Agents of SHIELD' shaped up to be an incredible show". Zap2it. Archived from the original on September 19, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
- ↑ Doran, Michael; McMillian, Graeme (January 7, 2015). "Ant-Man Teaser Trailer Point – Counterpoint: A Misstep or An Overreaction?". Newsarama. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- ↑ McMillian, Graeme (July 18, 2015). "Bring on the Bad Guys: Marvel Needs Better Villains Than 'Ant-Man's' Yellowjacket". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 19, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
- ↑ Priest, David (December 12, 2015). "How 'Jessica Jones' is rescuing Marvel from itself". CNET. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
- ↑ Kain, Erik (December 30, 2015). "'Jessica Jones' Shouldn't Be Part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe To Begin With". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
- ↑ Tassi, Paul (November 22, 2015). "'Jessica Jones' Makes Me Question The Point of the Marvel Cinematic Universe". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
- ↑ Francisco, Eric (January 5, 2016). "'Jessica Jones' Doesn't Need Season Two". Inverse. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 Sampson, Mike (April 5, 2016). "Here's Who Alfre Woodard Plays in 'Captain America: Civil War'". Screen Crush. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ↑ Erfanian, Sasha (April 6, 2016). "Alfre Woodard's Captain America: Civil War Character is Different Than Her Luke Cage Role". IGN. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
- ↑ Anderton, Ethan (April 6, 2016). "Alfre Woodard Has a Role in 'Captain America: Civil War' But It's Not Tied to 'Luke Cage'". /Film. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
- ↑ Newby, Richard (March 27, 2018). "'Captain Marvel' Looks to the Past to Ensure Marvel's Future". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
- 1 2 3 Vilkomerson, Sara (April 8, 2014). "Inside 'The Amazing Spider-Man 2' – And Sony's strategy to supersize its franchise". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
- ↑ Fritz, Ben (October 29, 2012). "'Justice League' aims for summer 2015 after Superman victory". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 30, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
- ↑ Breznican, Anthony (April 11, 2013). "'Man of Steel' will open door for more DC Comics superhero movies – Exclusive". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ↑ "'Batman V. Superman' Moves Release Date Again As Warner Bros Sets Its DC Game Plan". Deadline Hollywood. August 6, 2014. Archived from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
- ↑ Cornet, Roth (July 18, 2014). "Batman V Superman: Dawn Of Justice – Geoff Johns: 'No DC Movie/TV Crossover'". IGN. Archived from the original on July 18, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
- ↑ Wieselman, Jarett (October 23, 2014). "The Man at the Center of DC's TV Multiverse". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (May 17, 2016). "'Batman v. Superman' Fallout: Warner Bros. Shakes Up Executive Roles (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 18, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ↑ Riesman, Abraham (September 29, 2017). "DC Rethinks Its Universe". Vulture. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
- ↑ Fischer, Russ (November 9, 2012). "Mark Millar Discusses His Role in Creating a Cohesive Marvel Universe For Fox". /Film. Archived from the original on November 22, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
- 1 2 Collura, Scott (November 21, 2013). "Sony Chief Hints That the Spider-Man Movies Will Be Getting New Heroes and Villains". IGN. Archived from the original on November 21, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
- 1 2 Ryan, Mike (May 12, 2014). "'Fantastic Four' Writer-Producer Simon Kinberg on Shared Universes and the Challenges of an Origin Story". Screen Crush. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
- ↑ Falk, Ben (July 23, 2015). "Bryan Singer Hints at 'X-Men'/'Fantastic Four' Crossover (Exclusive)". Yahoo! Movies. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
- ↑ Goldman, Eric (December 13, 2013). "The Amazing Spider-Man Spinoffs Venom and The Sinister Six Announced by Sony". IGN. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
- 1 2 Graser, Marc; Lang, Brent (February 10, 2015). "Spider-Man: How Sony, Marvel Will Benefit from Unique Deal (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
- ↑ Sneider, Jeff (November 10, 2015). "17 Movies Shaken by Sony Hack, From 'The Interview' to 'Spectre' to 'Steve Jobs'". TheWrap. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (March 4, 2016). "'Spider-Man' Spinoff 'Venom' Revived at Sony (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (March 16, 2017). "'Spider-Man' Spinoff 'Venom' Gets a Release Date". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
- 1 2 Kit, Borys (March 22, 2017). "'Spider-Man' Spinoff: 'Thor' Writer Tackling Silver Sable, Black Cat Movie (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
- ↑ Davis, Erik (March 28, 2017). "Exclusive Interview: 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' Director Jon Watts On Easter Eggs, Iron Man, John Hughes And More". Fandango. Archived from the original on March 28, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
- ↑ Meslow, Scott (February 11, 2015). "When franchises fail: Saying goodbye to the not-so-Amazing Spider-Man". The Week. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
- ↑ Mendelson, Scott (May 13, 2014). "The Price Sony Paid For Rebooting 'Spider-Man'". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
- ↑ "First-of-Its-Kind Course to Examine 'Universe' of Cinematic Storytelling, Perspectives in Ongoing Marvel Films". University of Baltimore. September 16, 2014. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
- ↑ Linshi, Jack (September 24, 2014). "University of Baltimore to Offer Course on Marvel Movies". Time. Archived from the original on May 30, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ↑ Goldman, Eric (April 12, 2013). "Disneyland Introduces Their First Marvel Exhibit with Iron Man Tech". Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
- ↑ Lesnick, Silas (October 25, 2013). "CS Explores Disneyland's Thor: The Dark World Attraction, Treasures of Asgard". ComingSoon.net. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
- ↑ Slater, Shawn (February 10, 2014). "Captain America Arrives at Disneyland Park in Anaheim March 7". DisneyParks Blog. Archived from the original on June 26, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
- 1 2 Brown, Tracy; Martens, Todd (February 15, 2017). "Disney sets opening date for Guardians of the Galaxy attraction at California Adventure". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 McNary, Dave (March 20, 2018). "Marvel-Themed Lands Coming to Three Disney Parks". Variety. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
- ↑ Chu, Karen (October 8, 2013). "Hong Kong Disneyland to Open 'Iron Man' Experience in 2016". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
- 1 2 3 Read-Dominguez, Jennifer (January 16, 2017). "First look: Iron Man Experience opens in Disneyland Hong Kong – complete with Iron Girls". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
- ↑ Davis, Brandon (November 8, 2018). "A Look Inside of Hong Kong Disney's Iron Man Experience Ride". Comicbook.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
- ↑ "Iron Man Experience – Presented by AIA". Hong Kong Disneyland. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
- 1 2 Smith, Thomas (November 11, 2016). "Opening Date Set for Iron Man Experience, Hong Kong Disneyland's Marvel-Themed Ride". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
- 1 2 3 Glover, Erin (March 20, 2018). "Avengers and Other Super Heroes to Assemble in New Themed Areas at Disneyland Resort, Disneyland Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- 1 2 3 Nolfi, Joel (February 14, 2018). "Disney unveils new Ant-Man and the Wasp ride images". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- 1 2 Frater, Patrick (July 25, 2018). "'Ant-Man and the Wasp' Theme Park Ride Heads to Hong Kong Disneyland". Variety. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
- ↑ Ching, Albert (July 23, 2016). "SDCC: Marvel Studios Reveals Latest Phase 3 Secrets". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on July 25, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
- ↑ Marston, George (July 23, 2016). "Star-Lord's Father Revealed ... James Gunn Explains in Detail". Newsarama. Archived from the original on July 24, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
- ↑ Gunn, James (January 31, 2017). "I directed the actors and consulted on all aspects of the ride. Kevin Feige and I just rode it last week and it was an absolute blast". Facebook. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
- ↑ Lussier, Germain (May 25, 2017). "The New Guardians of the Galaxy Ride Exists in Its Own Unique Marvel Universe". io9. Archived from the original on May 30, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Sacks, Ethan (May 25, 2014). "Exclusive: Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N exhibit fan-tastic blend of props, high-tech". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
- ↑ Towers, Andrea (May 30, 2014). "Marvel's 'Avengers' S.T.A.T.I.O.N. exhibit: We took the tour (and chatted with Stan Lee)". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
- ↑ Nelson, Craig (October 6, 2015). "10 Essential Exhibits at Marvel's Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N." NewYork.com. Archived from the original on August 24, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
- ↑ Hyo-won, Lee (April 17, 2015). "South Korea Hypes Up for 'Avengers: Age of Ultron'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2016.
- 1 2 Victory Hill Exhibitions (June 25, 2016). "Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N. Immersive Attraction Opens in Las Vegas". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2016.
- ↑ Ouellette, Jennifer (June 24, 2016). "Explore the Science of The Avengers with This Sneak Peek into a New Vegas Exhibit". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2016.
- ↑ "'Marvel: Creating The Cinematic Universe' Comes To GOMA". Queensland Gallery of Modern Art. October 31, 2016. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- ↑ "Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe TV Special Premieres March 18 on ABC". Marvel.com. February 27, 2014. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ↑ "'Avengers: Age of Ultron': Marvel reveals new Scarlet Witch and Quicksilver concept art". insidemovies.ew.com. March 18, 2014. Archived from the original on March 19, 2014. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
- ↑ Lowry, Brian (March 16, 2014). "TV Review: 'Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe'". Variety. Archived from the original on March 19, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
- ↑ Fowler, Matt (May 30, 2014). "Marvel's Agents of SHIELD Blu-ray And DVD Details". IGN. Archived from the original on May 30, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
- ↑ Cavanaugh, Patrick (October 9, 2014). "Marvel to Celebrate 75 Years With 1-Hour Primetime Special on ABC". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- 1 2 Goldman, Eric (November 4, 2014). "Looking Back at How The Marvel Age Began". IGN. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
- ↑ Lowry, Brian (November 4, 2014). "TV Review: 'Marvel, 75 Years: From Pulp to Pop!'". Variety. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
- ↑ Cowen, Trace William (September 9, 2015). "Earn a PhD in Marvel With the Official 'Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe' Series". Complex. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ↑ "Preview: Guidebook To The Marvel Cinematic Universe – Marvel's Thor #1". Comic Book Resources. December 17, 2015. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
- ↑ "Preview: Guidebook To The Marvel Cinematic Universe – Marvel's Captain America: The First Avenger #1". Comic Book Resources. January 21, 2016. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
- 1 2 Geddes, Ryan (March 20, 2008). "Iron Man Film Cast To Voice Game". IGN. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- 1 2 "Iron Man". Polygon. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ "Hands-On Mobile And Marvel Entertainment Bring Iron Man To Mobile". IGN. April 30, 2008. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- 1 2 Provo, Frank (June 11, 2008). "The Incredible Hulk Review". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- 1 2 Burg, Dustin (April 9, 2008). "The Incredible Hulk features incredible voice talent". Engadget. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ "The Incredible Hulk Nintendo DS". Nintendo. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ "The Incredible Hulk Smashes onto Mobile Phone Worldwide". IGN. June 13, 2008. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- 1 2 "Iron Man 2". Game Informer. GameStop. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ Devries, Jack (May 21, 2010). "Iron Man 2 Review (Wii)". IGN. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ "Iron Man 2". IGN. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ Buchanan, Levi (May 10, 2010). "Iron Man 2 iPad Review". IGN. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ "Iron Man 2". BlackBerry World. Archived from the original on March 11, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
- 1 2 "Thor: God of Thunder". Polygon. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- 1 2 "Captain America: Super Soldier". Polygon. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- 1 2 Davis, Justin (April 30, 2013). "Iron Man 3 – The Official Game Review". IGN. Archived from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- 1 2 "Thor: The Dark World – The Official Game". Polygon. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ "Captain America: The Winter Soldier – The Official Game". IGN. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ "Captain America: The Winter Soldier". Polygon. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ Dornbush, Jonathon (October 12, 2015). "Lego Marvel's Avengers to include Phase 2, Agent Carter, more content". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 14, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
- 1 2 3 Schultz, E.J. (February 7, 2016). "The Strategy Behind Coke's Marvel Super Bowl Ad". Ad Age. Archived from the original on February 8, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
- 1 2 "A Mini Marvel". Luma Pictures. Archived from the original on February 9, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
- ↑ Busch, Anita (February 9, 2016). "Super Bowl: 'Bourne' Explodes On Social Media But Isn't The 'Captain'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 10, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
- ↑ Pederson, Erik (January 10, 2017). "VES Awards: 'Rogue One' Leads With 7 Film Noms; 'Game Of Thrones' Slays TV Rivals". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
External links
- A Marvel Cinematic Universe Timeline
- Marvel Cinematic Universe Wiki
- Info graphic Marvel Cinematic Universe
| Feature films |
| ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Television series |
| ||||||||||
| Other media |
| ||||||||||
| Cast and characters | |||||||||||
| Music | |||||||||||
| MCU-inspired media |
| ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
