Manute Bol

Manute Bol
Bol in 2006
Personal information
Born Said to be (1962-10-16)October 16, 1962; possibly much earlier
Turalei or Gogrial, Sudan
Died June 19, 2010 (said to be aged 47)
Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.
Nationality Sudanese / American
Listed height 7 ft 7 in (2.31 m)
Listed weight 200 lb (91 kg)
Career information
College Bridgeport (1984–1985)
NBA draft 1985 / Round: 2 / Pick: 31st overall
Selected by the Washington Bullets
Playing career 1985–1996
Position Center
Number 10, 11, 4, 1
Career history
1985 Rhode Island Gulls
1985–1988 Washington Bullets
1988–1990 Golden State Warriors
1990–1993 Philadelphia 76ers
1993–1994 Miami Heat
1994 Washington Bullets
1994 Philadelphia 76ers
1994–1995 Golden State Warriors
1995–1996 Florida Beach Dogs
1996 C. Montana Forlì
Career highlights and awards
Career NBA statistics
Points 1,599 (2.6 ppg)
Rebounds 2,647 (4.2 rpg)
Blocks 2,086 (3.3 bpg)
Stats at Basketball-Reference.com

Manute Bol (/məˈnuːt ˈboʊl/; c. October 16, 1962 – June 19, 2010) was a Sudanese-born American basketball player and political activist. Listed at 7 ft 7 in (2.31 m) tall, he was the tallest player in the history of the National Basketball Association, along with Gheorghe Mureșan.[1] He was officially measured and listed at 7 feet 6 3⁄4 inches (2.305 m) tall in the Guinness Book of World Records. He is believed to have been born on October 16, 1962, in either Turalei or Gogrial, Sudan (currently South Sudan). He was the son of a Dinka tribal elder who gave him the name Manute, which means "special blessing".

Bol played for two colleges and four NBA teams over his career. A center, he was known as a specialist player and was considered among the best shot-blockers in the history of the sport despite other aspects of his game being considered fairly weak. Over the course of his career, Bol blocked more shots than he scored points, making him the only NBA player ever to do so. He is second all-time in NBA history in terms of average blocked shots per game, and ranks 15th on the career blocks list.

Early life and family background

Manute Bol was born to Madute and Okwok Bol in Turalei or Gogrial and raised near Gogrial. His date of birth was not recorded; college basketball coach Kevin Mackey listed Bol's birthday as October 16, 1962, but believed he was actually much older.[2] Bol came from a family of extraordinarily tall men and women: "My mother was 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m), my father 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m), and my sister is 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)", he said. "And my great-grandfather was even taller—7 ft 10 in (2.39 m)." His ethnic group, the Dinka, and the Nilotic people[3] of which they are a part, are among the taller populations of the world. Bol's hometown, Turalei, is the origin of other exceptionally tall individuals, including 7 ft 4 in (2.24 m) basketball player Ring Ayuel. Ayuel is a refugee from the civil war which broke out soon after Bol emigrated to the U.S. and which eventually led to the destruction of most of Turalei.[4]

He tended his family's cattle in boyhood. According to a tale he was often asked to repeat in interviews, he once killed a lion with a spear after it attacked his cattle. The lion was asleep, though he was often encouraged to embellish the story. He started playing basketball only at about age 15.

Complementing his great height, Bol possessed exceptionally long limbs (inseam 49 inches (120 cm)) and large hands and feet (size 16 1/2). His arm span, at 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m), is (as of 2013) the longest in NBA history, and his reach was 10 feet 5 inches (3.18 m).[5][6] He was extremely slender, limiting his offensive capability. When he arrived in the United States, he weighed 180 pounds (82 kg)[7] and had gained just under 20 pounds (9.1 kg) by the time he entered the NBA. The Washington Bullets sent Bol to strength training with University of Maryland coach Frank Costello, where he could initially lift only 44 pounds (20 kg) on 10-repetition bench press and 55 pounds (25 kg) on 10-repetition squat[8] (his body mass index was 15.3 and he initially had a 31" (80 cm) waist).[9]

Basketball career

Amateur years

Bol started playing soccer (association football) in 1972, but abandoned the game because he was too tall.[10] During his later teens, he started playing basketball, playing in Sudan for several years with teams in Wau and Khartoum, where he experienced prejudice from the northern Sudanese majority.[11] While still living in Sudan, Bol apparently held an $80-a-month (1983 US$) job in the Sudanese military and played on the national team.[12] Coach Don Feeley from Fairleigh Dickinson University saw Bol play basketball in Khartoum and convinced him to go to the United States.[13] Bol was drafted by the San Diego Clippers in the fifth round of the 1983 NBA draft (97th overall), but the league ruled that Bol had not been eligible for the draft and declared the pick invalid.[14] He was then invited to Cleveland by Cleveland State University head basketball coach Kevin Mackey, but he did not speak or write English very well at the time. He improved his English skills after months of classes at ELS Language Centers on the Case Western Reserve University campus, but not enough to qualify for enrollment at Cleveland State, and he never played a game there. Five years later, Cleveland State was placed on two years' probation for providing improper financial assistance to Bol and two other African players.[15] He enrolled at the University of Bridgeport, a Division II basketball school, and played college basketball for the Purple Knights there in the 1984–1985 season. He averaged 22.5 points, 13.5 rebounds, and 7.1 blocks per game. The team, which previously drew 500–600 spectators, routinely sold out the 1,800-seat gym.[12] This was followed by a short stint with the Rhode Island Gulls of the United States Basketball League.

NBA

Going into the 1985 NBA draft, scouts felt that Bol needed another year or two of college, but Bol opted for the draft because he felt that it was the only way to earn enough money to get his sister out of Sudan, which was in a state of political unrest at the time.[12] In 1985, Bol was drafted as the seventh pick in the second round by the Washington Bullets (31st overall). He played in the NBA for ten seasons, from 1985 to 1995, spending parts of four seasons with the Bullets, parts of three with the Golden State Warriors, parts of four with the Philadelphia 76ers, and part of one season with the Miami Heat. In 1987, the Bullets drafted the 5 ft 3 in (1.60 m) point guard Muggsy Bogues, pairing the tallest and shortest players in the league on the court for one season.

Washington Bullets

Bol's first tenure with the Bullets lasted three seasons, from 1985 to 1988. In his rookie season (1985–1986), he appeared in 80 games and recorded a career-high 5.0 blocks per game. His total of 397 blocks set the NBA rookie record, and remains the second-highest single-season total in league history behind Mark Eaton's 456 in 1984–85.

Golden State Warriors

Bol's first tenure with the Golden State Warriors lasted for two seasons, from 1988 to 1990. In his first season with Golden State, he first attempted three-point shots with regularity. In that season, he shot a career-high 91 three-pointers and made 20 of them. During this time, he may have helped to popularize the expression "my bad", although a 2005 suggestion that he coined the phrase has been discounted.[16][17]

Philadelphia 76ers

Bol's first tenure with the Philadelphia 76ers lasted for three seasons, from 1990 to 1993. Although he played in a career-high 82 games in his first season as a 76er, his production began to decline afterward (in both games played and per-game statistics). After playing in all 82 games in 1990–1991, he played in 71 games the next season, and in 58 (a career low at the time) games the following season. During his last season in Philadelphia, he had a memorable night playing against former teammate Charles Barkley and the Phoenix Suns, hitting 6 of 12 three-pointers, all in the second half in a losing effort.[18] Fans were known to yell out "shoot" as soon as Bol received the ball far from the basket.[19]

Miami Heat

Bol played in eight games in the 1993–1994 season with the Miami Heat, the only team that did not use him as a starter. He scored only one two-point field goal with the team and blocked six shots in 61 total minutes.[20]

Washington Bullets (2nd stint)

Bol's second stint with the Bullets lasted only two games in 1993–1994. After this, he helped develop fellow 7 ft 7 teammate Gheorghe Mureșan.[20]

Philadelphia 76ers (2nd stint)

Bol's second stint with the 76ers lasted for four games, near the end of the 1993–1994 season, helping to mentor 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) teammate Shawn Bradley. In only 49 minutes, he played more aggressively than he did earlier in the season with Miami and Washington. He scored six points, grabbed six rebounds and blocked nine shots.[20]

Golden State Warriors (2nd stint)

In the 1994–95 NBA season, Bol returned to the Warriors. He made the season-opening roster and played in what would be his final five NBA games. On a memorable night in the middle of November, Bol finally made his home debut, coming off of the bench to play 29 minutes against the Minnesota Timberwolves. Bol attempted three three-pointers in the fourth quarter, scoring all of them.[21] Seven nights later in Charlotte, in a game that was nationally televised by TNT, he was in the starting lineup again. By this time, two weeks into the season, his career seemed rejuvenated under Warrior head coach Don Nelson; he was again a defensive force, making threes and contributing as a starter to create matchup problems. After playing only ten minutes against the Hornets on November 22, 1994, he suffered a season-ending knee injury. Before he left the game, he recorded one block and two points and attempted a three-pointer in ten minutes of play.[21]

Bol was waived by Golden State on February 15, 1995.[20]

Shot blocking

With his great height and very long limbs, Bol was one of the league's most imposing defensive presences. Along with setting the rookie shot-blocking record in 1985–86, over the course of his career, Bol tied for the NBA record for the most blocked shots in one half (11) and in one quarter (eight, twice).[22] On January 31, 1992, in a game against the Orlando Magic, he blocked four consecutive shots within a single possession.[23] Throughout his career, he blocked a shot an average of every 5.6 minutes of playing time.[24]

However, Bol's other basketball skills were very limited, and his rail-thin physique made it difficult for him to establish position against the league's bulkier centers and power forwards. The sight of the tall, gangly Bol spotting up for a three-pointer during blow-outs became a fan favorite. Off the court, he established a reputation as a practical joker; Charles Barkley, a frequent victim of his pranks, attested to Bol's sense of humor.[25] Bol also developed a close friendship with Warriors teammate Chris Mullin and named one of his sons after him.

Career accomplishments

Over the course of his career, Bol averaged 2.6 points, 4.2 rebounds, 0.3 assists, and 3.3 blocks per game, while only playing an average of 18.7 minutes per game. Bol finished his career with totals of 1,599 points, 2,647 rebounds, and 2,086 blocks, having appeared in 624 games over 10 seasons.[26] As of 2010, Manute Bol remains:

  • First in career blocks per 48 minutes (8.6), almost 50% beyond second-place Mark Eaton (5.8).[27]
  • Second in career blocks-per-game average (3.34).[28]
  • Fifteenth in total blocked shots (2,086).[29]
  • The only player in NBA history to block more shots than points scored, blocking 2,086 shots and scoring 1,599 points.[29]

After the NBA

After the end of his NBA career, Bol played 22 games for the Florida Beach Dogs of the Continental Basketball Association during the 1995–1996 season. The Beach Dogs' games against the Sioux Falls Skyforce in that season were broadcast by ESPN, as the Skyforce also featured a former NBA player, Darryl Dawkins. In 1996, the Portland (Maine) Mountain Cats of the United States Basketball League announced that he would be playing with the team, and included him in the team program, but he never appeared in uniform. He then played professionally in Italy in 1997 and had a stint in Qatar in 1998 before rheumatism forced him to retire permanently.[24]

NBA career statistics

Legend
  GP Games played   GS  Games started  MPG  Minutes per game
 FG%  Field goal percentage  3P%  3-point field goal percentage  FT%  Free throw percentage
 RPG  Rebounds per game  APG  Assists per game  SPG  Steals per game
 BPG  Blocks per game  PPG  Points per game  Bold  Career high
* Led the league

Regular season

Year Team GP GS MPG FG% 3P% FT% RPG APG SPG BPG PPG
1985–86 Washington 806026.1.460.000.4886.00.30.45.0*3.7
1986–87 Washington 821218.9.446.000.6724.40.10.23.73.1
1987–88 Washington 77414.8.455.000.5313.60.20.12.72.3
1988–89 Golden State 80422.1.369.220.6065.80.30.14.3*3.9
1989–90 Golden State 752017.5.331.188.5103.70.50.23.21.9
1990–91 Philadelphia 82618.6.396.071.5854.30.20.23.01.9
1991–92 Philadelphia 71217.8.383.000.4623.10.30.22.91.5
1992–93 Philadelphia 582314.7.409.313.6323.30.30.22.12.2
1993–94 Miami 807.6.083.000.0001.40.00.00.80.3
1993–94 Philadelphia 4012.3.429.000.0001.50.00.52.31.5
1993–94 Washington 203.0.000.000.0000.50.00.50.50.0
1994–95 Golden State 5216.2.600.600.0002.40.00.01.83.0
Career 62413318.7.407.210.5614.20.30.23.32.6

Playoffs

Year Team GP GS MPG FG% 3P% FT% RPG APG SPG BPG PPG
1986 Washington 5530.4.588.000.3757.60.20.65.84.6
1987 Washington 3014.3.400.000.0003.00.00.01.62.6
1988 Washington 508.8.571.0002.0002.40.00.00.41.8
1989 Golden State 8018.5.194.091.2863.80.10.23.62.2
1991 Philadelphia 8013.6.500.000.6672.30.10.11.53.0
Career 29517.1.386.087.4443.70.10.22.62.8

Activism

Bol was very active in charitable causes throughout his career. In fact, he said he spent much of the money he made during a 10-year NBA career supporting various causes related to the war-ravaged nation of his birth, Sudan.[30] He frequently visited Sudanese refugee camps, where he was treated like royalty. In 2001, Bol was offered a post as minister of sport by the Sudanese government. Bol, who was a Christian,[31] refused because one of the conditions was converting to Islam.[32] Later, Bol was hindered from leaving the country by the Sudanese government, who accused him of supporting the Dinka-led Christian rebels, the Sudan People's Liberation Army. The Sudanese government refused to grant him an exit visa unless he came back with more money. Assistance by supporters in the United States, including Connecticut Senator Joseph Lieberman, raised money to provide Bol with plane tickets to Cairo, Egypt. After 6 months of negotiations with U.S. consulate officials regarding refugee status, Bol and his family were finally able to leave Egypt and return to the United States.[32]

Bol established the Ring True Foundation to continue fund-raising for Sudanese refugees. He gave most of his earnings (an estimated $3.5 million) to their cause. In 2002, Fox TV agreed to broadcast the telephone number of his Ring True Foundation in exchange for Bol's agreement to appear on their Celebrity Boxing show. After the referee goaded, "If you guys don't box, you won't get paid", he scored a third-round victory over former football player William "The Refrigerator" Perry.

In the fall of 2002, Bol signed a one-day contract with the Indianapolis Ice of the Central Hockey League. Though he could not skate, the publicity generated by his single-game appearance helped raise money to assist children in Sudan.[33] Bol once suited up as a horse jockey for similar reasons.

Bol was involved in the April 2006 Sudan Freedom Walk, a three-week march from the United Nations building in New York City to the United States Capitol in Washington, DC. The event was organized by Simon Deng, a former Sudanese swimming champion (currently a lifeguard at Coney Island), who was a longtime friend of Bol's. Deng, who was a slave for three years from the age of nine, is from another tribe in Southern Sudan. His Sudan Freedom Walk is especially aimed at finding a solution to the genocide in Darfur (western Sudan), but it also seeks to raise awareness of the modern-day slavery and human-rights abuses throughout Sudan. Bol spoke in New York City at the start of the walk, and in Philadelphia at a rally organized by former hunger striker Nathan Kleinman.

Bol was also an advocate for reconciliation efforts, and worked to improve education in South Sudan. A Nicholas Kristoff article[34] in The New York Times highlighted this belief and Bol's work for reconciliation and education with an organization called Sudan Sunrise. Bol first began working with Sudan Sunrise to raise awareness on issues of reconciliation in 2005. This included speaking at the United States Capitol in Washington, DC, and subsequently partnering with Sudan Sunrise to build schools across South Sudan that, in the spirit of reconciliation, would enroll students regardless of tribe or religion.[35]

During his time in Egypt, Bol ran a basketball school in Cairo. One of his pupils was a fellow Sudanese refugee, Los Angeles Lakers player Luol Deng, the son of a former Sudanese cabinet minister. Deng later moved to the United States to further his basketball career, continuing a close relationship with Bol.

Life after basketball

Despite initially knowing little English and an absence of awareness regarding Western culture, Bol adjusted and was widely regarded as a well-rounded personality who was inquisitive and well-read. He developed a strong friendship with Charles Barkley, who remarked, "If everyone in the world was a Manute Bol, it's a world I'd want to live in. He's smart. He reads The New York Times. He knows what's going on in a lot of subjects. He's not one of these just-basketball guys".[36] He spoke Dinka and Arabic before mastering English.[37]

After a political dispute in Sudan, Bol was admitted to the United States as a religious refugee in 2002 and settled in West Hartford, Connecticut.[5] In July 2004, he was seriously injured in a car accident in Colchester when he was ejected from a taxi that hit a guardrail and overturned, resulting in a broken neck.[38] The driver was under the influence, with a suspended license.[39] Because his fortunes were mostly donated to Sudan, he was financially ruined because he had no health insurance.[23] When he recovered from his injuries, he moved to Olathe, Kansas.[5]

Bol was also the "Brand Ambassador" for Ethiopian Airlines and Ethiopian Airlines Journeys.

One of Bol's sons, Madut (born December 19, 1989), played college basketball at Southern University and graduated from college in 2013.[40] Another son, Bol Bol, is a 7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)-tall 12th grader as of January 2018 and played basketball for Findlay Prep in Henderson, Nevada, after first transferring from Bishop Miege High School in Roeland Park, Kansas, to Mater Dei in Santa Ana, California.[41] Bol Bol is considered a top recruit for the class of 2018 and committed to join the Oregon Ducks.[42] Bol's nephew Peter Jok previously played basketball at the University of Iowa and currently plays for the Northern Arizona Suns of the NBA G League.

Death

On June 19, 2010, Bol died from acute kidney failure and complications from Stevens–Johnson syndrome at the University of Virginia Medical Center in Charlottesville, Virginia.[5][43] He was survived by his 10 children, six with his first wife, Along, and four with his second wife, Ajok.[44]

After his death, tributes to Bol's basketball career and charitable works came from around the United States and the world.[45][46][47][48][49][50] His former teams, and the NBA, issued statements in recognition of his impact on the sport of basketball and on his native Sudan.[51][52][53] Kansas senator Sam Brownback paid tribute to Bol on the floor of the United States Senate just a few days after his death.[54]

Funeral service and tribute

Bol's memorial service at the National Cathedral

The memorial service for Manute Bol was held on Tuesday, June 29, 2010, at 10:00 am at the National Cathedral in Washington, DC. Bol's body lay in an eight-foot-long, specially built casket.[55]

Bol was given tributes by United States Senator Sam Brownback from Kansas, former National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane, Sudan's Ambassador to the United States, Dr. Akec Khoc Acieu, Bol's uncle Bol Bol Chol, and vice president of the National Basketball Players Association Rory Sparrow.[55]

Sparrow remembered Bol as "a giant off the court", who should be remembered for humanitarian work and his basketball career.[55] Senator Brownback recalled, "He literally gave his life for his people. He went over [to Sudan], he was sick. He stayed longer than he should have. He probably contracted this ailment that took his life while in Sudan, and he didn't have to do that. He was an NBA basketball player. He could have stayed here and had an easy life. I've never seen anybody use his celebrity status more nor give his life more completely to a group of people than Manute Bol did. It makes me look at efforts that I do as not enough."

Dr. Akec K.A. Khoc, Ambassador of Sudan to the U.S., said, "Manute had a very great heart for his country and people. He did everything to support anybody in need of shoes, blankets, health service, food, and people who were struggling. He went to see them and to encourage them to continue their struggle for their rights, for their freedoms. Manute embodied everything we can think of in Sudan. Reconciling warring groups between the north and south, in Darfur he was working for reconciliation between Darfur and the south and between Darfur and the rest of Sudan. So, Manute was a voice for hope."

Sudan Sunrise founder, Tom Prichard, says Bol's work to reconcile former enemies lives on. "Manute's legacy and vision of education and reconciliation, his determination to grow grassroots reconciliation—whether that reconciliation is expressed in a country that divides or holds together, wherever the boundary lines are drawn. Manute stood for grassroots reconciliation."[56] Prichard went on to say "There's no question Manute gave his life for his country."[57][57]

Manute Bol's family patriarch, Bol Bol Chol, said, "This man is not an ordinary man. I believe this man is a messenger like other messengers who were sent into this world—to do something in this world. He has accomplished most of his mission, and so God took him and left the rest of the work to be done by others."[56]

Bol is buried in South Sudan.[58]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Brown, Donald H. (2007). A Basketball Handbook. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4259-6190-9.
  2. ↑ Anderson, Stefan (November 21, 2017). "Manute Bol lied about his age, may have been 50 years old when he played in the NBA: report". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  3. ↑ Roberts, D. F.; D. R. Bainbridge (Sep 1963). "Nilotic physique". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 21 (3): 341–70. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330210309.
  4. ↑ Steward, Carl (12 Jan 2011). "His spirit, giant: Sudanese player embraced at Ohlone College". Inside Bay Area (via Ohlone College). Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Schudel, Matt (19 June 2010). "Manute Bol, former Washington Bullet and one of NBA's tallest players, dies at 47". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  6. ↑ "Former NBA player Manute Bol to speak at Union". Union College. Nov 3, 2008. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
  7. ↑ Epting, Chris (Jun 24, 2010). "The Manute We Knew: Curious, Shy, One of the Family . . . and a Lion Slayer". AOL News. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013.
  8. ↑ McCallum, Jack (Oct 21, 1985). "Welcome To 'Air Bol': Stronger and heavier, the Bullets' 7'7" Manute Bol could be a force". Sports Illustrated.
  9. ↑ McManis, Sam (Feb 11, 1985). "At 7 Foot 6, Manute Bol of Sudan Is Surely Rangy Enough for America's City Game and He Has Talent, but at 190 Pounds He May Not Be Strong Enough for Big Time: Basketball's Tallest Story". Los Angeles Times.
  10. ↑ "Sudan's NBA giant". BBC News. 29 Oct 2001.
  11. ↑ "Manute Bol". Contemporary Black Biography. Detroit: Thomson Gale.
  12. 1 2 3 Blumenstock, Kathy (April 12, 1985). "Scouts: Bol has slim chance at success". USA Today.
  13. ↑ "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". Answers.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  14. ↑ "Manute Bol". The Draft Review. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  15. ↑ Associated Press (Apr 22, 1988). "Penalties Upheld for Cleveland State". The New York Times.
  16. ↑ Pullum, Geoffrey K. (7 December 2005). "Language Log: Pick-up basketballism reaches Ivy League faculty vocabulary". Retrieved 2010-06-21.
  17. ↑ Zimmer, Ben (22 June 2010). "The Manute Bol Theory of "My Bad"". Word Routes. Thinkmap Visual Thesaurus. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
  18. ↑ "Philadelphia 76ers at Phoenix Suns Box Score, March 3, 1993". Basketball Reference.com. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on December 16, 2007. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  19. ↑ Kerry Eggers, "Around the League", The Sunday Oregonian, March 7, 1993
  20. 1 2 3 4 "Manute Bol Stats | Basketball-Reference.com". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  21. 1 2 "Manute Bol 1994-95 Game Log | Basketball-Reference.com". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  22. ↑ "Regular Season Records: Blocked Shots". NBA Encyclopedia. National Basketball Association. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  23. 1 2 "Manute Bol: Beyond the Glory". Apr 17, 2005. FOX Sports Net. Missing or empty |series= (help)
  24. 1 2 Anderson, Kelli (Jul 2, 2001). "Manute Bol: Once the NBA's premier shot blocker, the Sudanese Sultan of Swat has tried to bring peace to his homeland". Sports Illustrated.
  25. ↑ Narducci, Marc (Jul 8, 2005). "Tough Time for a Tall Guy His sense of humor could be a help to Manute Bol as he seeks to recover his health after a serious car crash". Philly.com.
  26. ↑ "Manute Bol". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  27. ↑ "Career Leaders for Blocks Per 48 Minute". Basketball Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  28. ↑ "Career Leaders and Records for Blocks Per Game". Basketball Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  29. 1 2 "Career Leaders and Records for Blocks". Basketball Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  30. ↑ Zumoff, Marc. "Catching up with Manute Bol". Drive. NBA Media Ventures. Archived from the original on 2007-12-15.
  31. ↑ Shields, Jon A. (Jun 25, 2010). "Manute Bol's radical Christianity". The Wall Street Journal.
  32. 1 2 Luo, Michael. "NBA Star Now Refugee". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2007-02-23.
  33. ↑ Scott, Jon C. (2006). Hockey Night in Dixie: Minor Pro Hockey in the American South. Heritage House Publishing Company Ltd. p. 184. ISBN 1-894974-21-2.
  34. ↑ Kristof, Nicholas D. (Jun 23, 2010). "Most Valuable Helper". The New York Times.
  35. ↑ "Manute Bol School". Current Projects in South Sudan. Sudan Sunrise. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  36. ↑ Montville, Leigh (Dec 17, 1990). "A Tall Story: Manute Bol, the Sixers' 7'7" center, views life from a unique perspective". Sports Illustrated.
  37. ↑ Lidz, Franz (Dec 10, 1984). "Come See The Dinka Dunker Do: Manute Bol, an import from Sudan, is giving a 7'6" lift to Bridgeport". Sports Illustrated.
  38. ↑ Fox, Tracy Gordon; Farrell, Jim (2 July 2014). "Bol critically injured in car accident". The Hartford Courant. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  39. ↑ "Where Are They Now: Manute Bol". Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  40. ↑ "Manute Bol remembered as 'also a giant off the court' at funeral". USA Today. June 29, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  41. ↑ Smith, Cam (12 December 2014). "Manute Bol's son, Bol Bol, is dominating JV hoops in Kansas". usatodayhss.com. USA Today High School Sports. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  42. ↑ "Shoes to Fill | By Bol Bol". The Players' Tribune. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  43. ↑ Kendall, Justin (June 19, 2010). "Manute Bol, retired basketball player, has died". The Pitch. Archived from the original on June 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
  44. ↑ McGeehan, Patrick (Jun 19, 2010). "Manute Bol, N.B.A. Player and Activist, Dies at 47". The New York Times.
  45. ↑ Jasner, Phil (Jun 21, 2010). "Remembering the best of times with former NBA player Manute Bol". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  46. ↑ "Manute Bol's other legacy". The Washington Post.
  47. ↑ "Manute Bol, former Washington Bullet: 1962-2010". The Washington Post.
  48. ↑ Ryan, Bob (June 22, 2010). "Height, and depth". The Boston Globe.
  49. ↑ http://www.courant.com/news/opinion/editorials/hc-editorial-manute-bol-20100622,0,5943117.story%5Bpermanent+dead+link%5D
  50. ↑ http://www.kctv5.com/news/23978190/detail.html%5Bpermanent+dead+link%5D
  51. ↑ Leonsis, Ted (Jun 19, 2010). "Ted Leonsis' Statement on Passing of Manute Bol". Washington Wizards news. NBA Media Ventures. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  52. ↑ "Former Warrior Manute Bol Passes Away". Golden State Warriors news. NBA Media Ventures. Jun 19, 2010. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  53. ↑ Stefanski, Ed (Jun 19, 2010). "Philadelphia 76ers statement on the passing of Manute Bol". Philadelphia 76ers news. NBA Media Ventures. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  54. ↑ "Video: A Senate salute to Manute". The Washington Post. 2010-06-22.
  55. 1 2 3
  56. 1 2 "Dignitaries, Friends Say Farewell to NBA's Manute Bol". VOA News. Jun 28, 2010. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  57. 1 2 http://www.kansascity.com/2010/06/22/2036636/nba-legend-spent-his-life-helping.html
  58. ↑ "Memorial To Honor Manute Bol". Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  • "Manute Bol at NBA.com". Archived from the original on 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
  • Career NBA stats
  • Player Profile (InterBasket)
  • Manute Bol at Find a Grave
  • Manute Bol on IMDb
  • Montville, Leigh (1993). Manute: The Center of Two Worlds. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0671749286.
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