List of monarchs who abdicated

This is a list of monarchs who have abdicated. Some monarchs have been forced to abdicate. The list is chronological.

List

Ruler Country Position Date Successor/Fate
Wuling Zhao State King of Zhao 299 BC Huiwen
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Roman Republic Roman dictator 79 BC retired
Xian Han dynasty Emperor of China 11 December 220 empire dissolved
Pontian  Papal States Pope 28 September 235 Anterus
Diocletian  Roman Empire Roman emperor 305 Maximian
Romulus Augustulus  Roman Empire Emperor of the Western Roman Empire 476 empire dissolved
Gaozu Tang dynasty Emperor of China 4 September 626 Taizong
Kōgyoku Japan Empress of Japan 12 July 645 Kōtoku
Jitō Japan Empress of Japan 22 August 697 Monmu
Genmei Japan Empress of Japan 3 October 715 Genshō
Genshō Japan Empress of Japan 3 March 724 Shōmu
Shōmu Japan Emperor of Japan 19 August 749 Kōken
Kōken Japan Empress of Japan 7 September 758 Junnin
Junnin Japan Emperor of Japan 6 November 764 Shōtoku
Kōnin Japan Emperor of Japan 30 April 781 Kanmu
Heizei Japan Emperor of Japan 18 May 809 Saga
Saga Japan Emperor of Japan 29 May 823 Junna
Junna Japan Emperor of Japan 22 March 833 Ninmyō
Ninmyō Japan Emperor of Japan 4 May 850 Montoku
Seiwa Japan Emperor of Japan 18 December 876 Yōzei
Yōzei Japan Emperor of Japan 4 March 844 Kōkō
Uda Japan Emperor of Japan 4 August 897 Daigo
Daigo Japan Emperor of Japan 16 October 930 Suzaku
Suzaku Japan Emperor of Japan 16 May 946 Murakami
Reizei Japan Emperor of Japan 27 September 969 En'yū
En'yū Japan Emperor of Japan 24 September 984 Kazan
Kazan Japan Emperor of Japan 1 August 986 Ichijō
John XVIII  Papal States Pope 1009 Sergius IV
Ichijō Japan Emperor of Japan 16 July 1011 Sanjō
Sanjō Japan Emperor of Japan 10 March 1016 Go-Ichijō
Go-Suzaku Japan Emperor of Japan 5 February 1045 Go-Reizei
Benedict IX  Papal States Pope 1045 Gregory VI
Isaac I Comnenus  Byzantine Empire Emperor of the Byzantine Empire 1059 Constantine X Doukas
Go-Sanjō Japan Emperor of Japan 18 January 1073 Shirakawa
Shirakawa Japan Emperor of Japan 3 January 1087 Horikawa
Henry IV  Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Emperor 1105 Henry V
Toba Japan Emperor of Japan 25 February 1123 Sutoku
Huizong China° Emperor of China 18 January 1126 Qinzong
Sutoku Japan Emperor of Japan 5 January 1142 Konoe
Go-Shirakawa Japan Emperor of Japan 5 September 1158 Nijō
Gaozong China Emperor of China 24 July 1162 Xiaozong
Nijō Japan Emperor of Japan 3 August 1165 Rokujō
Rokujō Japan Emperor of Japan 9 April 1168 Takakura
Dermot McMurrough Leinster High King of Ireland 1169 Domhnall Caomhánach
Takakura Japan Emperor of Japan 18 March 1180 Antoku
Xiaozong  China Emperor of China 1189 Guangzong
Guangzong  China Emperor of China 1194 Ningzong
Go-Toba Japan Emperor of Japan 18 February 1198 Tsuchimikado
Władysław III Spindleshanks Kingdom of Poland High Duke of Poland 1206 Konrad I
Tsuchimikado Japan Emperor of Japan 12 December 1210 Juntoku
Juntoku Japan Emperor of Japan 13 May 1221 Chūkyō
Chūkyō Japan Emperor of Japan 29 July 1221 Go-Horikawa
Go-Horikawa Japan Emperor of Japan 17 November 1232 Shijō
Go-Saga Japan Emperor of Japan 16 February 1246 Go-Fukakusa
Kameyama Japan Emperor of Japan 6 March 1274 Go-Uda
Waldemar  Kingdom of Sweden King of Sweden 1277 (deposed 1275) Magnus III
Go-Uda Japan Emperor of Japan 27 November 1287 Fushimi
Celestine V  Papal States Pope 13 December 1294 Boniface VIII
John Balliol  Kingdom of Scotland King of Scots 10 July 1296 Robert the Bruce
Fushimi Japan Emperor of Japan 30 August 1298 Go-Fushimi
Go-Fushimi Japan Emperor of Japan 2 March 1301 Go-Nijō
Hanazono Japan Emperor of Japan 29 March 1318 Go-Daigo
Edward II  Kingdom of England King of England 20 January 1327 Edward III
Kōgon Northern Court of Japan Emperor of Japan 7 July 1333 Kōmyō
Go-Daigo Southern Court of Japan Emperor of Japan 18 September 1339 Go-Murakami
Kōmyō Northern Court of Japan Emperor of Japan 18 November 1348 Sukō
Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi Majapahit Empire Queen of Majapahit 1350 Hayam Wuruk
Sukō Northern Court of Japan Emperor of Japan 26 November 1351 Go-Kōgon
John Cantacuzene  Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor 1355 John V Palaiologos
Go-kōgon Northern Court of Japan Emperor of Japan 9 April 1371 Go-En'yū
Go-En'yū Northern Court of Japan Emperor of Japan 24 May 1382 Go-Komatsu
Chōkei Southern Court of Japan Emperor of Japan 1383 Go-Kameyama
Go-Kameyama Japan Emperor of Japan 19 November 1392 Go-Komatsu
Richard II  Kingdom of England King of England 29 September 1399 Henry IV
Albert  Kingdom of Sweden King of Sweden 1405 (deposed 1389) Margaret
Go-Komatsu Japan Emperor of Japan 5 October 1412 Shōkō
Gregory XII  Byzantine Empire Pope 4 July 1415 Martin V
Amadeus VIII  Duchy of Savoy Duke of Savoy 1440 Louis I
Murad II  Ottoman Empire Ottoman Sultan 1444 Mehmed II
Go-Hanazono Japan Emperor of Japan 21 August 1464 Go-Tsuchimikado
Bayezid II  Ottoman Empire Ottoman Sultan 25 April 1512 Selim I
Charles V[lower-alpha 1]  Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Emperor 1555/1556 Ferdinand I
Mary  Kingdom of Scotland Queen of Scots 24 July 1567 James VI
Ōgimachi Japan Emperor of Japan 17 December 1586 Go-Yōzei
Go-Yōzei Japan Emperor of Japan 9 May 1611 Go-Mizunoo
Go-Mizunoo Japan Emperor of Japan 22 December 1629 Meishō
Meishō Japan Empress of Japan 14 November 1643 Go-Kōmyō
Christina  Kingdom of Sweden Queen of Sweden 6 June 1654 Charles X Gustav
Go-Sai Japan Emperor of Japan 5 March 1663 Reigen
John II Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth King of Poland 1668 Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
Reigen Japan Emperor of Japan 2 May 1687 Higashiyama
James II, VII  Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Scotland
King of England and Scotland 11 December 1688 William III, II and Mary II
Frederick Augustus Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth King of Poland 24 September 1706 Stanisław Leszczyński
Higashiyama Japan Emperor of Japan 27 July 1709 Nakamikado
Ulrica Eleanor  Kingdom of Sweden Queen of Sweden 29 February 1720 Frederick
Philip V  Kingdom of Spain King of Spain 14 January 1724 Louis I
Victor Amadeus  Kingdom of Sardinia King of Sardinia 3 September 1730 Charles Emmanuel III
Ahmed III  Ottoman Empire Ottoman Sultan 1 October 1730 Mahmut I
Nakamikado Japan Emperor of Japan 13 April 1735 Sakuramachi
Sakuramachi Japan Emperor of Japan 9 June 1747 Momozono
Charles III  Kingdom of Sicily and  Kingdom of Naples King of Naples and Sicily 6 October 1759 Ferdinand I
Go-Sakuramachi Japan Empress of Japan 23 May 1770 Go-Momozono
Stanislaus II Augustus Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth King of Poland 7 January 1795 Third Partition of Poland
Qianlong  China Emperor of China 9 February 1796 Jiaqing
Charles Emanuel IV  Kingdom of Sardinia King of Sardinia 4 June 1802 Charles Felix
Francis II  Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Emperor 6 August 1806 dissolving the empire
Charles IV  Kingdom of Spain King of Spain 19 March 1808 Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII  Kingdom of Spain King of Spain 6 May 1808 Joseph I
Gustav IV Adolf  Kingdom of Sweden King of Sweden 29 March 1809 Charles XIII
Louis Bonaparte Netherlands Kingdom of Holland King of Holland 2 July 1810 Napoléon Louis Bonaparte
Joseph I  Kingdom of Spain King of Spain 11 December 1813 Ferdinand VII
Napoleon I  First French Empire Emperor of the French 11 April 1814 Bourbon Restoration
Kōkaku Japan Emperor of Japan 7 May 1817 Ninkō
Victor Emmanuel I  Kingdom of Sardinia King of Sardinia 13 March 1821 Charles Felix
Charles X  Kingdom of France King of France 2 August 1830 Louis Philippe I
Louis XIX[lower-alpha 2]  Kingdom of France King of France 2 August 1830 Louis Philippe I
Pedro IV  Kingdom of Portugal King of Portugal[lower-alpha 3] 28 May 1826 Maria II
Pedro I  Empire of Brazil Emperor of Brazil[lower-alpha 3] 7 April 1831 Pedro II
Miguel  Kingdom of Portugal King of Portugal 26 May 1834 Maria II
William I  Kingdom of the Netherlands King of the Netherlands 7 October 1840 William II
Louis Philippe  Kingdom of France King of the French 24 February 1848 Monarchy abolished
Ludwig I  Kingdom of Bavaria King of Bavaria 21 March 1848 Maximilian II
Ferdinand I  Austrian Empire Emperor of Austria 2 December 1848 Franz Joseph I
Charles II  Duchy of Parma Duke of Parma 14 March 1849 Charles III
Charles Albert  Kingdom of Sardinia King of Sardinia 23 March 1849 Victor Emmanuel II
Leopold II Grand Duchy of Tuscany Grand Duke of Tuscany 21 July 1859 Ferdinand IV
Isabella II  Kingdom of Spain Queen of Spain 25 June 1870 Amadeo I
Shō Tai  Ryūkyū Kingdom King of Ryukyu 16 October 1872 monarchy abolished
Amadeo I  Kingdom of Spain King of Spain 11 February 1873 monarchy abolished
Alexander  Principality of Bulgaria Prince of Bulgaria 7 September 1886 Ferdinand I
Milan II  Kingdom of Serbia King of Serbia 6 March 1889 Alexander I
Liliuokalani  Kingdom of Hawaii Queen of Hawaii 24 January 1895
(relinquished power on 17 January 1893)
monarchy abolished
Sunjong  Korean Empire Emperor of Korea 29 August 1910 monarchy abolished
Manuel II  Kingdom of Portugal King of Portugal 5 October 1910 monarchy abolished
Pu Yi  China Emperor of China 12 February 1912 monarchy abolished
Rama Varma XV Kingdom of Cochin Maharaja of Cochin December 1914 Rama Varma XVI
Nicholas II  Russian Empire Emperor of Russia 15 March 1917 monarchy abolished
Ferdinand I  Kingdom of Bulgaria Tsar of the Bulgarians 3 October 1918 Boris III
William II  German Empire German Emperor 9 November 1918 monarchies abolished
Marie-Adélaïde  Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Grand Duchess of Luxembourg 14 January 1919 Charlotte
Constantine I  Kingdom of Greece King of the Hellenes 27 September 1922 George II
Taimur bin Feisal  Sultanate of Oman Sultan of Oman 10 February 1932 Said bin Taimur
Prajadhipok  Kingdom of Thailand King of Siam 2 March 1935 Ananda Mahidol
Edward VIII  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King of the United Kingdom 11 December 1936 George VI
Carol II  Kingdom of Romania King of Romania 6 September 1940 Michael I
Rezā Shāh Iran Iran Shah of Iran 16 September 1941 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Bảo Đại Vietnam Emperor of Vietnam 25 August 1945 monarchy abolished
Peter II  Kingdom of Yugoslavia King of Yugoslavia 29 November 1945 monarchy abolished
Victor Emmanuel III  Kingdom of Italy King of Italy 9 May 1946 Umberto II
Charles Vyner Brooke  Kingdom of Sarawak Rajah of Sarawak 1 July 1946 monarchy abolished
Michael I  Kingdom of Romania King of Romania 30 December 1947 monarchy abolished
Wilhelmina  Kingdom of the Netherlands Queen of the Netherlands 4 September 1948 Juliana
Leopold III  Kingdom of Belgium King of the Belgians 16 July 1951 Baudouin
Farouk I  Kingdom of Egypt King of Egypt 26 July 1952 Fuad II
Talal  Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan King of Jordan 11 August 1952 Hussein
Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani  State of Qatar Emir of Qatar 24 October 1960 Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani
Saud  Kingdom of Saudi Arabia King of Saudi Arabia 2 November 1964 Faisal
Charlotte  Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Grand Duchess of Luxembourg 12 November 1964 Jean
Omar Ali Saifuddin  Brunei Darussalam Sultan of Brunei 4 October 1967 Hassanal Bolkiah
Juliana  Kingdom of the Netherlands Queen of the Netherlands 30 April 1980 Beatrix
Moshoeshoe II  Kingdom of Lesotho King of Lesotho[1] 25 January 1995 Letsie III
Jean  Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Grand Duke of Luxembourg 7 October 2000 Henri
Norodom Sihanouk  Kingdom of Cambodia King of Cambodia 7 October 2004 Norodom Sihamoni
Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah  State of Kuwait Emir of Kuwait 23 January 2006 Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
Jigme Singye Wangchuck  Kingdom of Bhutan King of Bhutan 15 December 2006 Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck
Benedict XVI   Vatican City State Pope 28 February 2013 Francis
Beatrix  Kingdom of the Netherlands Queen of the Netherlands 30 April 2013 Willem-Alexander
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani  State of Qatar Emir of Qatar 25 June 2013 Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Albert II  Kingdom of Belgium King of the Belgians 21 July 2013 Philippe
Juan Carlos I  Kingdom of Spain King of Spain 19 June 2014 Felipe VI

Notes

  1. Charles abdicated as Lord of the Netherlands (25 October 1555) and King of Spain (16 January 1556), in favor of his son Philip II of Spain. Also in 1556 he separately voluntarily abdicated his German possessions and the title of Holy Roman Emperor.
  2. Louis was only "King" of France for the twenty minutes it took for him to decide to sign the instrument of abdication. This means his 'abdication' debatable. However, it should be noted that abdication as an heir has no legal basis; therefore he had to become king in order to abdicate.
  3. 1 2 Pedro IV of Portugal and Pedro I of Brazil were the same person. He was already Emperor of Brazil when he succeeded to the throne of Portugal in 1826, but abdicated two months later in favour of his daughter Maria II of Portugal. Later he abdicated the throne of Brazil in favour of his son Pedro II

References

  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
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