Name |
Title |
Home country |
Exile period |
Exiled country or countries |
Napoleon |
Emperor of France |
France |
1815–1821 |
Saint Helena |
Louis Philippe I |
King of France |
France |
1848–1851† |
United Kingdom |
Bahadur Shah II |
Mughal Emperor |
Mughal Empire |
1857–1862 |
British Burma |
José Antonio Páez |
President of Venezuela |
Venezuela |
1863–1873† |
United States |
Napoleon III |
Emperor of the French |
France |
1871–1873† |
United Kingdom |
Khalid bin Barghash |
Sultan of Zanzibar |
Zanzibar |
1896–1927 |
1) German East Africa 2) Seychelles 3) Saint Helena 4) British East Africa |
Cipriano Castro |
President of Venezuela |
Venezuela |
1909–1924† |
United States |
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar |
Shah of Iran |
Iran |
1909–1925† |
1) Russian Empire (1909–1920) 2) Ottoman Empire (1920–1921) 3) Kingdom of Italy (1921–1925) |
José Santos Zelaya |
President of Nicaragua |
Nicaragua |
1909–1919† |
Spain United States |
Manuel II of Portugal |
King of Portugal |
Portugal |
1910–1932† |
United Kingdom |
Porfirio Díaz |
President of Mexico |
Mexico |
1911–1915† |
Spain France |
Victoriano Huerta |
President of Mexico |
Mexico |
1914–1916† |
United Kingdom Spain United States |
Wilhelm II |
Emperor of Germany |
German Empire |
1918–1941† |
Netherlands |
Mehmed VI |
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire |
Ottoman Empire |
1922–1926† |
Italy |
Ahmad Shah Qajar |
Shah of Iran |
Iran |
1923–1930† |
France |
Arturo Alessandri[2] |
President of Chile |
Chile |
1924–1925 |
Italy |
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo |
President of Chile |
Chile |
1931–1937 |
Argentina |
Alfonso XIII of Spain |
King of Spain |
Spain |
1931–1941† |
Italy |
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora |
Prime Minister of Spain |
Spain |
1936–1949† |
1) France (1936–1942) 2) Argentina (1942–1949) |
Plutarco Elías Calles |
President of Mexico |
Mexico |
1936–1941 |
United States |
Juan Bautista Sacasa |
President of Nicaragua |
Nicaragua |
1936–1946† |
United States |
Edvard Beneš |
President of Czechoslovakia |
Czechoslovakia |
1938–1945 |
United Kingdom |
Manuel Azaña |
Prime Minister of Spain |
Spain |
1939–1940† |
France |
Władysław Sikorski |
Prime Minister of Poland |
Poland |
1939–1941† |
United Kingdom |
Antanas Smetona |
President of Lithuania |
Lithuania |
1940–1944† |
United States |
Zog I of Albania |
King of Albania |
Albania |
1941–1961 |
1) United Kingdom 2) France |
Rezā Shāh |
Shah of Iran |
Iran |
1941–1944† |
1) Mauritius 2) South Africa |
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez |
President of El Salvador |
El Salvador |
1944–1966† |
Honduras |
Isaías Medina Angarita |
President of Venezuela |
Venezuela |
1945–1953† |
United States |
Miklós Horthy |
Regent of Hungary |
Hungary |
1945–1957† |
1) France (1945–1949) 2) Portugal (1949–1957) |
Peter II of Yugoslavia |
King of Yugoslavia |
Yugoslavia |
1945–1970† |
United States |
Umberto II of Italy |
King of Italy |
Italy |
1946–1983† |
1) Portugal 2) Switzerland |
Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
King of Bulgaria |
Bulgaria |
1946–1996 |
1) Egypt 2) Spain |
Leonardo Argüello Barreto |
President of Nicaragua |
Nicaragua |
1947 |
Mexico |
Rómulo Betancourt |
President of Venezuela |
Venezuela |
1948–1958 |
United States Cuba Costa Rica |
Rómulo Gallegos |
President of Venezuela |
Venezuela |
1948–1958 |
Cuba Mexico |
José Bustamante y Rivero |
President of Peru |
Peru |
1948–1955 |
Argentina |
Michael I of Romania |
King of Romania |
Romania |
1948–1997 |
1) United Kingdom 2) Switzerland |
Farouk of Egypt |
King of Egypt |
Egypt |
1952–1965† |
Italy Monaco |
Laureano Gómez |
President of Colombia |
Colombia |
1953–1959 |
Spain |
Mohammed V |
Sultan of Morocco |
Morocco |
1953–1955 |
1) France (1953–1954) 2) Madagascar (1954–1955) |
Jacobo Árbenz |
President of Guatemala |
Guatemala |
1954–1971† |
1) France 2) Czechoslovakia 3) Soviet Union 4) Uruguay (1957–1960) 5) Cuba (1960–1965) 6) Mexico (1965–1971) |
Juan Perón |
President of Argentina |
Argentina |
1955–1973 |
1) Venezuela (1955–1958) 2) Spain (1958–1973) |
Bảo Đại |
Emperor of Vietnam |
Vietnam |
1955–1997† |
France Monaco |
Paul Magloire |
President of Haiti |
Haiti |
1956–1986 |
United States |
Imre Nagy |
Prime Minister of Hungary |
Hungary |
1956 |
Yugoslavia (embassy) |
Iskander Mirza |
President of Pakistan |
Pakistan |
1958–1969† |
United Kingdom |
Marcos Pérez Jiménez |
President of Venezuela |
Venezuela |
1958–1963 |
United States |
Tenzin Gyatso |
14th Dalai Lama |
Tibet |
1959–present |
India |
Fulgencio Batista |
President of Cuba |
Cuba |
1959–1973† |
Portugal Spain |
Kigeli V |
King of Rwanda |
Rwanda |
1959–1961 |
1) Tanganyika 2) Uganda 3) Kenya 4) United States |
Syngman Rhee |
President of South Korea |
South Korea |
1960–1965† |
United States |
Joaquín Balaguer |
President of the Dominican Republic |
Dominican Republic |
1962–1966 |
United States |
Manuel Prado Ugarteche |
President of Peru |
Peru |
1962–1967† |
France |
Juan Bosch |
President of the Dominican Republic |
Dominican Republic |
1963–1966 |
Puerto Rico |
Jamshid bin Abdullah |
Sultan of Zanzibar |
Zanzibar |
1963–present |
United Kingdom |
Víctor Paz Estenssoro |
President of Bolivia |
Bolivia |
1964–1978 |
Peru |
Saud of Saudi Arabia |
King of Saudi Arabia |
Saudi Arabia |
1964–1969 |
1) Switzerland 2) Egypt 3) Greece |
João Goulart |
President of Brazil |
Brazil |
1964–1976† |
1) Uruguay (1964–1973) 2) Argentina (1973–1976) |
Mutesa II of Buganda |
President of Uganda |
Uganda |
1966–1969† |
United Kingdom |
Kwame Nkrumah |
President of Ghana |
Ghana |
1966–1972† |
1) Guinea (1966–1971) 2) Romania (1971–1972) |
Constantine II of Greece |
King of Greece |
Greece |
1967–2013 |
1) Italy 2) United Kingdom |
Fernando Belaúnde Terry |
President of Peru |
Peru |
1968–1980 |
United States |
Marcos Pérez Jiménez |
President of Venezuela |
Venezuela |
1968–2001† |
Spain (1968–2001) |
Idris of Libya |
King of Libya |
Libya |
1969–1983† |
Egypt |
Norodom Sihanouk |
Prime Minister of Cambodia |
Cambodia |
1970–1993 |
China North Korea |
Muhammad al-Badr |
King of Yemen |
Yemen |
1970–1996† |
United Kingdom |
Said bin Taimur |
Sultan of Oman |
Oman |
1970–1972† |
United Kingdom |
Milton Obote |
President of Uganda |
Uganda |
1971–1979 |
Tanzania (1971–1979) |
Mohammed Zahir Shah |
King of Afghanistan |
Afghanistan |
1973–2002 |
Italy |
Cheng Heng |
President of the Khmer Republic |
Cambodia |
1975–1992 |
United States |
Lon Nol |
President of the Khmer Republic |
Cambodia |
1975–1985† |
United States |
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu |
President of South Vietnam |
South Vietnam |
1975–2001† |
1) United Kingdom 2) United States |
Michel Micombero |
President of Burundi |
Burundi |
1976–1983† |
Somalia |
James Mancham |
President of the Seychelles |
Seychelles |
1977–1991 |
United Kingdom |
Ange-Félix Patassé |
Prime Minister of the Central African Empire |
Central African Republic |
1978–1979 |
France |
Idi Amin |
President of Uganda |
Uganda |
1979–2003† |
1) Libya (1979–1980) 2) Saudi Arabia (1980–2003) |
Jean-Bédel Bokassa |
Emperor of Central Africa |
Central African Republic |
1979–1986 |
1) Ivory Coast (1979–1983) 2) France (1983–1986) |
Fred Degazon |
President of Dominica |
Dominica |
1979–2008† |
United Kingdom |
Jafar Sharif-Emami |
Prime Minister of Iran |
Iran |
1978–1998† |
United States |
Gholam Reza Azhari |
Prime Minister of Iran |
Iran |
1978–2001† |
United States |
Ali Amini |
Prime Minister of Iran |
Iran |
1979–1992† |
France |
Shapour Bakhtiar |
Prime Minister of Iran |
Iran |
1979–1991† |
France |
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
Shah of Iran |
Iran |
1979–1980† |
1) Egypt 2) Morocco 3) Bahamas 4) Mexico 5) United States 6) Panama 7) Egypt |
Félix Malloum |
President of Chad |
Chad |
1979–2002 |
Nigeria |
Anastasio Somoza Debayle |
President of Nicaragua |
Nicaragua |
1979–1980† |
Paraguay |
Ange-Félix Patassé |
Prime Minister of the Central African Republic |
Central African Republic |
1980–1981 |
France |
Víctor Paz Estenssoro |
President of Bolivia |
Bolivia |
1980–1982 |
Peru |
Ahmed Ben Bella |
President of Algeria |
Algeria |
1980–1990 |
Switzerland |
Luís Cabral |
President of Guinea-Bissau |
Guinea-Bissau |
1980–2009† |
1) Cuba (1980–1984) 2) Portugal (1984–2009) |
Johan Ferrier |
President of Suriname |
Suriname |
1980–2010† |
Netherlands |
Isabel Martínez de Perón |
President of Argentina |
Argentina |
1981–present |
Spain |
Abolhassan Banisadr |
President of Iran |
Iran |
1981–present |
France |
Luis García Meza Tejada |
President of Bolivia |
Bolivia |
1981–1995 |
Brazil |
Ange-Félix Patassé |
Prime Minister of the Central African Republic |
Central African Republic |
1982–1992 |
Togo |
Dương Văn Minh |
President of South Vietnam |
South Vietnam |
1983–2001† |
1) France 2) United States |
Gaafar Nimeiry |
President of Sudan |
Sudan |
1985–1999 |
Egypt |
Milton Obote |
President of Uganda |
Uganda |
1985–2005† |
Zambia |
Jean-Claude Duvalier |
President of Haiti |
Haiti |
1986–2011 |
France |
Ferdinand Marcos |
President of the Philippines |
Philippines |
1986–1989† |
United States |
Tito Okello |
President of Uganda |
Uganda |
1986–1993 |
Kenya |
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza |
President of Burundi |
Burundi |
1987–1993 |
Libya |
Ahmed al-Mirghani |
President of Sudan |
Sudan |
1989–2001 |
Egypt |
Alfredo Stroessner |
President of Paraguay |
Paraguay |
1989–2006† |
Brazil |
Hissène Habré |
President of Chad |
Chad |
1990–present |
Senegal |
Jabir III al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah |
Emir of Kuwait |
Kuwait |
1990–1991 |
Saudi Arabia |
Erich Honecker |
General Secretary |
East Germany |
1991–1994† |
1) Soviet Union (1989–1991) 2) Russia (1991–1993) 3) Chile (1992–1994) |
Jean-Bertrand Aristide |
President of Haiti |
Haiti |
1991–1994 |
Venezuela United States |
Siad Barre |
President of Somalia |
Somalia |
1991–1995† |
1) Kenya (1991) 2) Nigeria (1991–1995) |
Mengistu Haile Mariam |
President of Ethiopia |
Ethiopia |
1991–present |
Zimbabwe |
Alan García |
President of Peru |
Peru |
1992–2001 |
Colombia France |
Ayaz Mutallibov |
President of Azerbaijan |
Azerbaijan |
1992–2012 |
Russia |
Mohammad Najibullah |
President of Afghanistan |
Afghanistan |
1992–1996 |
United Nations (mission) |
Joseph Saidu Momoh |
President of Sierra Leone |
Sierra Leone |
1992–1997 |
Guinea |
Jorge Serrano Elías |
President of Guatemala |
Guatemala |
1993–present |
Panama |
Didier Ratsiraka |
President of Madagascar |
Madagascar |
1993–1996 |
France |
Dawda Jawara |
President of the Gambia |
Gambia |
1994–2002 |
Senegal United Kingdom |
Bettino Craxi |
Prime Minister of Italy |
Italy |
1994–2000 |
1) Tunisia |
Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani |
Emir of Qatar |
Qatar |
1995–2004 |
France |
Sylvestre Ntibantunganya |
President of Burundi |
Burundi |
1996–1997 |
United States (embassy) |
Abdalá Bucaram |
President of Ecuador |
Ecuador |
1997–2017 |
Panama |
Mobutu Sese Seko |
President of Zaire |
Zaire |
1997 |
Morocco |
Pascal Lissouba |
President of the Republic of Congo |
Republic of Congo |
1997–present |
1) United Kingdom (1997–2004) 2) France (2004–present) |
Joachim Yhombi-Opango |
President of the Republic of Congo |
Republic of Congo |
1997–2007 |
Benin Ivory Coast France |
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza |
President of Burundi |
Burundi |
1998–2002 |
Uganda |
Nawaz Sharif |
Prime Minister of Pakistan |
Pakistan |
1999–2007 |
1) Saudi Arabia 2) United Kingdom |
Joseph Saidu Momoh |
President of Sierra Leone |
Sierra Leone |
1999–2003 |
Guinea |
Henri Konan Bédié |
President of Ivory Coast |
Ivory Coast |
1999–2001 |
Togo |
Carlos Andrés Pérez |
President of Venezuela |
Venezuela |
1999–2010† |
Dominican Republic United States |
João Bernardo Vieira |
President of Guinea-Bissau |
Guinea-Bissau |
1999–2005 |
Portugal |
Henri Konan Bédié |
President of Ivory Coast |
Ivory Coast |
2000–2001 |
France |
Alberto Fujimori |
President of Peru |
Peru |
2000–2007 |
1) Japan (2000–2005) 2) Chile (2005–2007) |
André Kolingba |
President of the Central African Republic |
Central African Republic |
2001–2010† |
1) Uganda (2001–2003) 2) France (2003–2010) |
Didier Ratsiraka |
President of Madagascar |
Madagascar |
2002–2011 |
France |
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada |
President of Bolivia |
Bolivia |
2003–present |
United States |
Ange-Félix Patassé |
President of the Central African Republic |
Central African Republic |
2003–2009 |
Togo |
Jean-Bertrand Aristide |
President of Haiti |
Haiti |
2004–2011 |
1) Jamaica (2004) 2) South Africa (2004–2011) |
Norodom Sihanouk |
King of Cambodia |
Cambodia |
2004–2012 |
China North Korea |
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya |
President of Mauritania |
Mauritania |
2005–present |
1) Gambia (2005) 2) Qatar (2005–present) |
Lucio Gutiérrez |
President of Ecuador |
Ecuador |
2005 |
Brazil Peru United States |
Ian Smith |
President of Rhodesia |
Rhodesia |
2005–2007 |
1) South Africa |
Askar Akayev |
President of Kyrgyzstan |
Kyrgyzstan |
2005–present |
Russia |
Marc Ravalomanana |
President of Madagascar |
Madagascar |
2009–present |
1) Swaziland (2009) 2) South Africa (2009–present) |
Manuel Zelaya |
President of Honduras |
Honduras |
2009–2011 |
1) Costa Rica (2009) 2) Dominican Republic (2010–2011) |
Kurmanbek Bakiyev |
President of Kyrgyzstan |
Kyrgyzstan |
2010–present |
Belarus |
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali |
President of Tunisia |
Tunisia |
2011–present |
Saudi Arabia |
Amadou Toumani Touré |
President of Mali |
Mali |
2012–present |
Senegal |
François Bozizé |
President of the Central African Republic |
Central African Republic |
2013–2015 |
1) Cameroon 2) Benin (requested) |
Tom Thabane |
Prime Minister of Lesotho |
Lesotho |
2014 |
South Africa |
Viktor Yanukovych |
President of Ukraine |
Ukraine |
2014–present |
Russia |
Mikheil Saakashvili |
President of Georgia |
Georgia |
2014–present |
1) United States 2) Ukraine |
Blaise Compaoré |
President of Burkina Faso |
Burkina Faso |
2014–present |
1) Ivory Coast 2) Morocco |
Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi |
President of Yemen |
Yemen |
2015–present |
Saudi Arabia |
Mohamed Nasheed |
President of the Maldives |
Maldives |
2016–present |
United Kingdom |
Yahya Jammeh |
President of the Gambia |
Gambia |
2017–present |
Equatorial Guinea |