Deposition (politics)
Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch.[1] It may be done by coup, impeachment, invasion, or forced abdication.[2] The term may also refer to the official removal of a clergyman, especially a bishop, from ecclesiastical office.
Notable deposed politicians
- Juan Manuel de Rosas (1852)
- Sam Houston (1861)
- José Antonio Páez (1863)
- Mariano Melgarejo (1871)
- Porfirio Díaz (1911)
- Alexander Kerensky (1917)
- Konstantin Päts (1940)
- Antanas Smetona (1940)
- Kārlis Ulmanis (1940)
- Fulgencio Batista (1959)[3]
- Nikita Khrushchev (1964)[4]
- João Goulart (1964)
- Eric Gairy (1973)
- Richard Nixon (1974)
- Idi Amin (1979)[5]
- Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1979)
- Jean-Claude Duvalier (1986)
- Ferdinand Marcos (1986)[6]
- Habib Bourguiba (1987)
- Alfredo Stroessner (1989)[7]
- Erich Honecker (1989)[8]
- Todor Zhivkov (1989)[9]
- Manuel Noriega (1989)[10]
- Nicolae Ceaușescu (1989)[11]
- Hissène Habré (1990)
- Mengistu Haile Mariam (1991)
- Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1991, 2004)
- Fernando Collor de Mello (1992)
- Carlos Andrés Pérez (1993)
- Nawaz Sharif (1993, 1999)
- Slobodan Milošević (2000)[12]
- Gustavo Noboa (2003)
- Saddam Hussein (2003)
- Charles Taylor (2003)[13]
- Lucio Gutiérrez (2005)
- Thaksin Shinawatra (2006)
- Manuel Zelaya (2009)
- Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (2011)[14]
- Hosni Mubarak (2011)[15]
- Muammar Gaddafi (2011)
- Mohamed Morsi (2013)
- Viktor Yanukovych (2014)
- Lutfur Rahman (politician) (2015)
- Dilma Rousseff (2016)
- Park Geun-hye (2017)
- Robert Mugabe (2017)
Notable deposed monarchs
- Ethelred II of England (1013)
- Sancho II of Portugal (1248)
- Adolf of Nassau (1298)
- Edward II of England (1327)[1]
- Richard II of England (1399)[2]
- Wenceslaus, King of the Romans (1400)
- Henry VI of England (1461)
- Edward V of England (1483)
- Mary, Queen of Scots (1567)
- Gwanghaegun of Joseon (1623)
- Philip III of Portugal (1640)
- James II of England (1688)[16]
- Louis XVI of France (1792)
- Bahadur Shah II of the Mughal Empire (1858)[17]
- Isabel II of Spain (1868)
- Pedro II of Brazil (1889)
- Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII of Nembe (1898)
- Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire (1908)[18]
- Manuel II of Portugal (1910)
- Aisin-Gioro Puyi of the Qing Dynasty (1911)
- Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire (1922)
- Alfonso XIII of Spain (1931)
- Farouk of Egypt (1952)[19]
- Constantine II of Greece (1967)
- Idris of Libya (1969)[20]
- Mohammed Zahir Shah (1973)
- Haile Selassie I (1974)[21]
- Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1979)
Notable deposed bishops
- Cyril of Alexandria
- Cyril Lucaris
- John Chrysostom
- Nestorius
- Photios I of Constantinople
- Antipope Benedict XIII
- Antipope John XXIII
- The Nine Bishops of the Nonjuring Schism
- Robert Duncan, VII Bishop of Pittsburgh
- Mark Lawrence, XIV Bishop of South Carolina
- John-David Schofield, IV Bishop of San Joaquin
See also
References
- 1 2 The Deposition of Edward II, Medieval England, Steven Muhlberger, ORB: The Online Reference for Medieval Studies, 1999
- 1 2 The deposition of Richard II, J.P.Sommerville, History Department, University of Wisconsin
- ↑ Sierra, Jerry A. "Batista - From Army Sergeant to Dictator". History of Cuba. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "Khrushchev Ousted From Top Posts". The New York Times - On This Day, October 14, 1964. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
- ↑ "Head to Head: Toppling of Idi Amin". BBC News. BBC. 10 April 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
- ↑ "The Downfall of Marcos". H Monte Hill, Air University. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
- ↑ 25 Years after the Fall of Alfredo Stroessner Right Livelihood.
- ↑ "East Germany Leader Ousted". BBC News - On This Day (18 October). BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ↑ "Evolution in Europe: Bulgarian Communist stalwart says he'd do it all differently". The New York Times. 28 November 1990. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "US Forces Oust General Noriega". BBC News - On This Day (20 December). BBC. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
- ↑ "The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceaușescu". The Seventh Art. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ↑ "Milošević's Yugoslavia - Downfall". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ↑ "President Charles Ghankay Taylor, 1997-2003". Liberia Past and Present. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "Tunisia: The fall of Ben Ali". Al-Bab. 17 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ↑ "Egypt's Last Pharaoh? The rise and fall of Hosni Mubarak". Time. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
- ↑ "The 1688 Revolution". History Learning Site. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
- ↑ "The last days of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in Burma". Two Circles. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ↑ "The Young Turk Revolution and the 1908 annexation of Bosnia". Balkan Analysis. 25 April 2006. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "The overthrow of Egypt's King Farouk - a dramatic departure from power". Al-Arabiya. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
- ↑ "Bloodless Coup in Libya". BBC News - On This Day (1 September). BBC. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
- ↑ "The Last Emperor - The Fall of Haile Selassie". Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
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