List of gendarmeries
Countries with a gendarmerie
Countries that formerly had a gendarmerie
Countries with a nominal gendarmerie
A gendarmerie or gendarmery is a military component with jurisdiction in civil law enforcement. The term maréchaussée (or marshalcy) may also be used (e.g., Royal Marechaussee) but is now uncommon.
Although pioneered in France, the concept of a gendarmerie was adopted by several other European nations during the Napoleonic Wars.[1] It remains an integral part of the military establishment in most Francophone states and territories.[1] A somewhat related phenomenon has been the formation of paramilitary units which fall under the authority of civilian police agencies. Since these are not strictly military forces, however, they are not considered gendarmerie.[2]
List of active gendarmeries
The Coat of arms of the Romanian Gendarmerie, re-established in 1990, after the fall of communism.
Emblem of the Serbian Gendarmery.
Roundel of the Carabineros of Chile.
_cap_insignia.svg.png)
Badge of the Chinese People's Armed Police.
| Country | English name | Native-language name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Afghan National Civil Order Police | The Afghan National Civil Order Police is a branch of the Afghan National Police | |
| Algeria | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale (الدرك الوطني) | |
| Argentina | Argentine National Gendarmerie | Gendarmería Nacional Argentina | |
| Azerbaijan | Internal Troops of Azerbaijan | Azərbaycan Respublikası Daxili Qoşunları | |
| Bahrain | National Guard | الحرس الوطني | |
| Bahrain | Public Security Forces | ||
| Bangladesh | Bangladesh Ansar | ||
| Belarus | Internal Troops | Belarusian: Унутраныя войскі (Unutranyja vojski) Russian: Внутренние войска (Vnutrennie voyska) | |
| Benin | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Bhutan | Royal Bhutan Police | ||
| Brazil | Military Police | Polícia Militar | Brazilian states have their own gendarmeries and federal government has a National Public Security Force, a department formed with personal from states' Military Police Forces, Military Firefighters Corps and Civil Police. |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian Gendarmerie | Zhandarmeriya (Жандармерия) | The Bulgarian Gendarmerie was disbanded by the country's General Directorate of Police and its personnel absorbed into various specialized police units. |
| Burkina Faso | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Burundi | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Cambodia | Royal Gendarmerie of Cambodia | កងរាជអាវុធហត្ថ | |
| Cameroon | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Canada | Royal Canadian Mounted Police | Gendarmerie royale du Canada | |
| Canada | Canadian Forces Military Police | Police militaire des Forces canadiennes | Sworn as peace officers who can arrest civilians on military bases |
| Central African Republic | Gendarmerie | ||
| Chad | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Chile | Carabineros of Chile | Carabineros de Chile | |
| Chile | Chilean Gendarmerie | The national prison service of Chile. | |
| China | People's Armed Police | Zhōngguó Rénmín Wǔzhuāng Jǐngchá Bùduì (中国人民武装警察部队) | The PAP perform military-civilian police duties. The PAP is a component of the Paramilitary forces of China. |
| Colombia | Corps of Carabiners Mobile Carabinier Squadrons | Cuerpo de Carabineros Escuadrones Móviles de Carabineros | |
| Comoros | Gendarmerie | ||
| Costa Rica | Public Force | Fuerza Pública | |
| D. R. Congo | Gendarmerie | ||
| Djibouti | Djiboutian National Gendarmerie | ||
| Egypt | Central Security Forces | A separate force known as the Egyptian Gendarmerie was created in 1882 and continued in existence until the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952. In 2014 it was announced that the Gendarmerie were to be recreated, initially for policing and security duties in certain districts of Cairo. | |
| France | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Gabon | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Guinea | Gendarmerie | ||
| Guinea-Bissau | National Guard | Guarda Nacional | Created in 2010 through the merger of several former security agencies. Modeled on the Portuguese National Republican Guard and other similar organizations. |
| Haiti | Haitian National Police | Police Nationale d'Haiti | |
| India | Corps of Military Police Indian Home Guard Railway Protection Force Rashtriya Rifles State Armed Police Forces | The Military Police Corps (nicknamed Red Berets) is a component of the Indian Army. The Rashtriya Rifles are a branch of the Indian Army. | |
| India | Assam Rifles Border Security Force Central Industrial Security Force Central Reserve Police Force Indo-Tibetan Border Police Sashastra Seema Bal Special Frontier Force | The Assam Rifles, Border Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Central Industrial Security Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Sashastra Seema Bal and Special Frontier Force are components of the paramilitary forces of India. The Central Reserve Police Force, including its specialized wing the Rapid Action Force. | |
| Indonesia | Indonesian National Police | Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia | For part of its history (1946 - 2000), it was a service branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, under the Department of Defense and Security. Since 2000 it is an Independent civilian police under direct command of Indonesian President |
| Iraq | National Police | Not to be confused with civilian Iraqi Police Service, although at present both are highly militarized | |
| Iraqi Kurdistan | Zeravani | ||
| Israel | Israel Border Police | Mishmar HaGvul (משמר הגבול) | |
| Italy | Corps of Carabineers Finance Guard/ Customs | Arma dei Carabinieri Guardia di Finanza | The Carabinieri is a component of the Italian Armed Forces and the Guardia di Finanza is a State Military Force and a Police Armed Corps who is part of the Italian Armed Forces, although they are controlled by different ministries |
| Ivory Coast | Gendarmerie | ||
| Jordan | General Directorate of Gendarmerie | General Directorate of Gendarmerie (قوات الدرك الأردني) | |
| Kazakhstan | National Guard | Kazakh: Ұлттық Ұлан (Ulttıq Ulan) Russian: Национальная гвардия (Natsionalnaya Gvardiya) | |
| Kenya | Administration Police | ||
| North Korea | Korean People's Internal Security Forces | ||
| Kuwait | Kuwait National Guard | الحرس الوطني الكويتي | |
| Lebanon | Internal Security Forces | Internal Security Forces - ISF (قوى الأمن الداخلي) | Nicknamed "El Darak" |
| Lithuania | Public Safety Service | Viešojo saugumo tarnyba | |
| Madagascar | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Mali | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Mauritania | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Mautitania | National Guard | ||
| Mexico | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmería nacional | The National Gendarmerie was created in 2014, and is legally defined as a military force within the Federal Police. On account of its heavily armed agents, its culture, and its origins, the Federal Police as a whole may be considered a gendarmerie |
| Moldova | Carabinier Troops | Trupele de Carabinieri | |
| Monaco | Prince's Company of Carabiniers | Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince | The Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers provide an armed support service |
| Morocco | Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Royale (الدرك الملكي) | |
| Morocco | Auxiliary Forces | ||
| Nepal | Armed Police Force | ||
| Netherlands | Royal Marechaussee | Koninklijke Marechaussee | |
| Niger | National Police of Niger | Includes the National Gendarmerie and the Niger Internal Security Forces. | |
| Pakistan | Balochistan Levies Frontier Constabulary Frontier Corps Gilgit Baltistan Scouts Malakand Levies Pakistan Rangers | The Frontier Constabulary, Frontier Corps, Gilgit Baltistan Scouts and Pakistan Rangers are components of the paramilitary forces of Pakistan. | |
| Panama | Panamanian Public Forces | ||
| Poland | Military Gendarmerie | Żandarmeria Wojskowa | |
| Portugal | National Republican Guard | Guarda Nacional Republicana | |
| Romania | Romanian Gendarmerie | Jandarmeria Română | |
| Russia | Military Police | ||
| Russia | Russian National Guard | ||
| Rwanda | Gendarmerie | ||
| San Marino | Corps of Gendarmerie of San Marino Guard of the Rock | Gendarmeria Guardia di Rocca | |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabian National Guard Saudi Emergency Force | الـحرس الوطني (al-Ḥaras al-Waṭanī) قوات الطوارئ | |
| Senegal | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Serbia | Gendarmery | Žandarmerija (Жандармерија) | |
| Spain | Civil Guard | Guardia Civil | |
| Switzerland | Border Guard Corps Federal Office of Police | Both have civilian status. (The cantonal police of the French-speaking cantons are called gendarmerie, but do not fit any of the criteria.) | |
| Tajikistan | Internal Troops | Қӯшунҳои дохилӣ | |
| Togo | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
| Tunisia | National Guard | Garde Nationale | |
| Turkey | Gendarmerie | Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı | |
| Ukraine | National Guard | Національна гвардія України (Natsionalna hvardiia Ukrainy) | |
| Vatican City | Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City | Corpo della Gendarmeria dello Stato della Città del Vaticano | General responsibility for security and public order which encompasses all regular police duties, including border control, crime prevention and investigation, and enforcement of financial and commercial regulations. |
| Venezuela | Venezuelan National Guard | Guardia Nacional de Venezuela | |
| Yemen | Special Security Forces | ||
| Europe | European Gendarmerie Force | French: Force de gendarmerie européenne Italian: Forza di Gendarmeria Europea Portuguese: Força de Gendarmerie Europeia Spanish: Fuerza de Gendarmería Europea | Formed by seven members of the European Union: France, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Spain. The European Gendarmerie Force was created as an intervention force at the service of the EU, the NATO, the UN, the OSCE, or other “ad hoc” alliances. It is characterized by its robustness, and quick deployability, and it specializes in the management of crisis areas. Lithuania is currently a Partner Member, and Turkey has Observer status. |
List of former gendarmeries
| Country or territory | English name | Native-language name | Formed | Disbanded | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Defenders of the Revolution | Sarandoy | ~1980 | ~1988 | Formed and employed under the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan |
| Principality of Albania | International Gendarmerie | 1913 | 1914 | ||
| Kingdom of Albania (1928-1939) | Royal Albanian Gendarmerie | Xhandarmëria Mbretërore e Shqipëris | 1924 | ~1939 | Formed as a counterweight to the Royal Albanian Army, it employed British advisors on its staff and with the units |
| Albania | Republican Guard | Garda e Republikës | 1928 | 2013 | |
| Austria | Federal Gendarmerie | Bundesgendarmerie | 1849 | 2005 | Dissolved under occupation from 1938 to 1945. Merged with other agencies to form new Bundespolizei in 2005 |
| Austria | B-Gendarmerie | 1949 | |||
| Belgium | Belgian Gendarmerie | French: Gendarmerie Dutch: Rijkswacht | 1796 | 2001 | Was formed under French rule in what now is Belgian territory, even before the establishment of Belgium itself (1830). Merged with federal and local police to form a new policing system |
| Belgium | Garde Civique | 1830 | 1920 | ||
| Belgian Congo | Force Publique | 1886 | 1960 | ||
| Canada | North-West Mounted Police | 1873 | 1920 | ||
| Colombia | National Gendarmerie Corps | Cuerpo de Gendarmeria Nacional | 1906 | 1909 | Created to function decentralized from the National Police command and more militarized regime, managed by the Ministry of War. In 1909 General Jorge Holguín suppressed the National Gendarmerie Corps and gave the provincial governors the authority to organize police services at their own will |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rican Civil Guard | 1949 | 1996 | ||
| Cyprus | Cyprus Military Police | 1880 | 1935 | ||
| Czechoslovakia | Czechoslovakian Gendarmerie | Československé četnictvo | 1918 | 1942 | Managed by the Ministry of Interior. In 1942 merged with police and fire brigades. After the liberation in 1945 created a unified police force—the Corps of National Security (SNB)—that amalgamated gendarmerie, police and intelligence. |
| Crete | Cretan Gendarmerie | Κρητική Χωροφυλακή, Kritiki Chorofylaki | 1899 | 1916 | |
| Denmark | Border Gendarmerie | Grænsegendarmeriet | 1838 | 1958 | Pre-dated by De Blå Gendarmer (1885–1897) |
| Dutch East Indies | Korps Marechaussee te voet | 1890 | 1942 | ||
| El Salvador | National Guard | Guardia Nacional | 1912 | 1922 | |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian Gendarmery | Zabagna | 1916 | 1936 | Included the Kebur Zabagna Imperial Guard |
| Gambia | Gambia Constabulary | 1866 | 1965 | ||
| Germany | |||||
| Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie and other denominations | 19th century | mid-20th century | Due to the distinctive autonomy of the German states, every state has his own history of establishing and denomination. In Prussia it was called Gendarmerie, in other states it was called Landjägerei, Dragoon corps or Hussar | |
| German Empire | Feldgendarmerie | 1866 | 1918 | ||
| Nazi Germany | Feldgendarmerie | 1933 | 1945 | ||
| Nazi Germany | Forest Protection Service | ||||
| East Germany | Kasernierte Volkspolizei | 1948 | 1956 | ||
| East Germany | Volkspolizei-Bereitschaft | 1990 | |||
| Greece | Hellenic Gendarmerie | Ελληνική Χωροφυλακή, Elliniki Chorofylaki | 1833 | 1984 | Merged with the City Police and formed the current Hellenic Police |
| Georgia (country) | Internal Troops of Georgia | 1991 | 2004 | ||
| Haiti | Gendarmerie of Haiti | 1915 | 1928 | ||
| Hungary (Kingdom) | Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie | Magyar Királyi Csendőrség | 1881 | 1945 | Disbanded by the Interim National Government after WWII because Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie took part in the Holocaust by gathering the Hungarian Jews and giving them to the Nazi German forces. |
| Hungary (Republic) | Law Enforcement and Public Safety Service | Rendészeti Biztonsági Szolgálat | 2004 | 2008 | Couple years after the fall of the communist regime, a new gendarmerie-type police force within the frameworks of the Hungarian National Police:, Rendészeti Biztonsági Szolgálat was formed and existed between 2004 and 2008. |
| Iran | Islamic Republic of Iran Gendarmerie | ژاندارمری (Zhāndārmerī) | 1979 | 1990 | Persian Central Government Gendarmerie 1911-1921, Amniyeh Kol-e Mamlekati 1921-1943; GENMISH 1943-1957; State Gendarmerie 1957-1979; gendarmerie dissolved in 1990 |
| Ireland | Royal Irish Constabulary[3] | 1822 | 1922 | Royal added to the name in 1867.[4] | |
| Italian East Africa | Italian African Police | Polizia dell'Africa Italiana | 1936 | 1941 | Operated throughout Italian East Africa |
| Italian colonies of Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, Eritrea and Italian Somaliland | Zaptié | 1889 | 1942 | ||
| Italy | National Republican Guard | Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana | 1943 | 1945 | Formed by the Italian Social Republic |
| Japan | Corps of Law Soldiers (lit) | Kempeitai | 1881 | 1945 | Part of the Imperial Japanese Army |
| Naval Secret Police | Tokkeitai, 特警隊 | 1945 | The Imperial Japanese Navy's military police, they were equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Army's Kempeitai. They were also the smallest military police service. | ||
| Special Higher Police | (特別高等警察, Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu | 1911 | 1945 | Often shortened to Tokkō (特高, Tokkō ?), established specifically to investigate and control political groups and ideologies deemed to be a threat to public order. Its main function was as a civilian counterpart to the military's Kempeitai. | |
| National Police Reserve | 1950 | 1952 | National force in Japan until formation of JSDF and NPA | ||
| Kingdom of Laos | Royal Lao Police | 1949 | 1975 | ||
| Luxembourg | Grand Ducal Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Grand-Ducale | 1733 | 2000 | Dissolved under Nazi occupation from 1940 to 1944. Merged on 1 January 2000 with local Police to form the new Grand Ducal Police |
| Mexico | Rural Guard | Guardia Rural | 1861 | 1914 | In modern Mexico, the name is applied to the part-time Rural Defence Corps. |
| National Gendarmerie | Gendarmeria Nacional | 1877 | 1970 | It was a body that has militarized police functions whose jurisdiction in large urban areas. | |
| Mozambique (Portuguese Province) | Republican Guard of Lourenço Marques | Guarda Republicana de Lourenço Marques | 1913 | 1924 | Replaced both the former military Guarda Cívica (Civic Guard) and the Civil Police of Lourenço Marques. |
| Mozambique (Portuguese Province) | Police Guard of the Mozambique Company | Guarda Policial da Companhia de Moçambique | 1914 | 1925 | Military and police force of the territory under administration of the Mozambique Company (Territory of Manica and Sofala). Replaced by the Police Forces of the Mozambique Company (Forças Policiais da Companhia de Moçambique). |
| Nicaragua | National Guard | Guardia Nacional | 1909 | 1979 | Dissolved along with the Somoza regime. The concept of the Civil Guard was integrated into what would later become the National Police of Nicaragua |
| Northern Ireland | Royal Ulster Constabulary | 1922 | 2001 | ||
| Northern Ireland | Ulster Special Constabulary | 1920 | 1970 | ||
| Northern Rhodesia | Northern Rhodesia Police | 1889 | 1964 | ||
| Norway | Statspolitiet | 1941 | 1945 | ||
| Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Gendarmerie | 1869 | |||
| Pakistan | Gilgit Scouts | 1889 | 1975 | ||
| Palestine (British Mandate) | British Gendarmerie | 1920 | 1926 | Replaced by the Transjordan Frontier Force on 1 April | |
| Persia | Qarasuran | ||||
| Peru | Peruvian Gendarmerie | Gendarmería Nacional del Perú | 1852 | 1924 | Became the basis of the Civil Guard. |
| Peru | Republican Guard | 1991 | |||
| Philippines | Civil Guard | 1868 | 1898 | ||
| Philippines | Philippine Constabulary | Hukbóng Pamayapà ng Pilipinas | 1901 | 1991 | Absorbed the Integrated National Police on 1 January 1991 to form the present-day Philippine National Police. |
| Poland | Territorial Defence Force | 1965 | 2008 | ||
| Portugal | Fiscal Guard | Guarda Fiscal | 1885 | 1993 | It was military force controlled by the Portuguese Ministry of Finance, responsible for the tax and customs law enforcement and border surveillance. In 1993, it became part of the National Republican Guard, as the Fiscal Brigade. |
| Portuguese India | Police and Supervion Corps of India | Corpo de Polícia e Fiscalização da Índia | 1924 | 1946 | Transformed in the entirely civilian Polícia do Estado da Índia (State of India Police) in 1946. |
| Rhodesia | British South African Police | 1889 | 1980 | ||
| Russia | Internal Troops of Russia | 1811 | 2016 | ||
| Russian Empire | Special Corps of Gendarmes | Отдельный корпус жандармов | 1836 | 1917 | |
| United States Occupation Zone of West Germany and Austria | United States Constabulary | - | 1946 | 1952 | |
| Kingdom of Saxony | Feldgendarmerie | 1810 | 1812 | ||
| South Africa | Cape Mounted Police | 1882 | 1913 | ||
| South Africa | South African Constabulary | 1900 | 1908 | ||
| Soviet Union | Internal Troops | 1919 | 1991 | ||
| Soviet Union | KGB Security Troops | ||||
| Spain | Carabineros | 1829 | 1940 | ||
| Second Spanish Republic | Guardia de Asalto | 1932 | 1939 | ||
| Francoist Spain | Armed Police Corps | 1939 | 1979 | ||
| Syria | Syrian Gendarmerie | 1921 | 1958 | Formed by the French to combat local insurgencies,[5] and maintained as late as 1958.[6] | |
| Thailand | Royal Siamese Provincial Gendarmerie | 1897 | 1915 | Formed in 1897 by Danish mercenaries, integrated with the Royal Thai Police in 1915.[7] | |
| Ukraine People's Republic | Free Cossacks | 1917 | 1918 | ||
| Ukraine | Internal Troops of Ukraine | 1992 | 2014 | ||
| Ukraine | Berkut | 1992 | 2014 | ||
| United States Indian Territory | Lighthorse | ? | The name given by the Five Civilized Tribes of the United States to their mounted police force. The US Army's cavalry performed gendarme duties until the advent of law and order. | ||
| Vatican City | Corps of Gendarmes | Corpo della Gendarmeria | 1816 | 1974 | Replaced by a civilian Central Security Office which itself became the Corpo di Vigilanza dello Stato della Città del Vaticano |
| Republic of Vietnam | Republic of Vietnam National Police | 1962 | 1975 |
See also
 |
Look up list of gendarmeries in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Gendarmerie (disambiguation)
- Military Aid to the Civil Power
- Paramilitary
- Military police
- Police
- Carabinier
- Field Force
- National Guard (disambiguation)
- United States National Guard
- State Police (United States)
- Constabulary
- People's Armed Police
- Association of the European and Mediterranean Police Forces and Gendarmeries with Military Status
References
- 1 2 Lioe, Kim Eduard. Armed Forces in Law Enforcement Operations? - The German and European Perspective (1989 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 52–57. ISBN 978-3-642-15433-1.
- ↑ Kumar, Kuldeep. Police and Counterinsurgency: The Untold Story of Tripura's COIN Campaign (2016 ed.). SAGE Publications India. pp. 90–94. ISBN 978-9351507475.
- ↑ Emsley, Clive (1999), Gendarmes and the State in Nineteenth-Century Europe, Oxford University Press, pp. 246–247, 267, ISBN 978-0-19-820798-6,
Henry Goulburn...drafted a bill for a centralized, permanent armed constabulary linked to salaried police magistrates ... Even Grant condemned what he considered as an attempt ‘to place the whole of Ireland under an armed police, to subject it to a species of gendarmerie’.
- ↑ Replaced by the Royal Ulster Constabulary and the Garda Síochána on the partition of Ireland in 1922
- ↑ Deep, Daniel (2012). Occupying Syria Under the French Mandate: Insurgency, Space and State Formation. Cambridge University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-107-00006-3.
- ↑ Podeh, Elie (1999), The Decline of Arab Unity: The Rise And Fall of the United Arab Republic, Sussex Academic Press, p. 54, ISBN 1-84519-146-3
- ↑ Phraya Vasuthep: The Good Danish Soldier of Fortune
This article is issued from
Wikipedia.
The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike.
Additional terms may apply for the media files.