List of first women lawyers and judges in North America

This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in North America (a separate list is devoted to the United States). It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are the first women in their country to achieve a certain distinction such as obtaining a law degree or becoming a political figure.

Anguilla (GBR)

Antigua and Barbuda

Aruba (NLD)

Bahamas

Barbados

  • Marie Elizabeth Bourne-Hollands (1947):[22] First female to practice law in Barbados
  • Norma E. Maynard-Marshall (1962):[23] First female solicitor in Barbados
  • Billie Miller (1969):[24] First female barrister in Barbados
  • Marie McCormack (1971):[25][26] First female judge (1971) and Judge of the High Court (1995) in Barbados
  • Sandra Mason (1975):[23][27][28] First Barbadian woman admitted to the Barbados Bar Association. She was the first female appointed as a Judge of the Court of Appeal (2008), as well as the first female magistrate appointed as an Ambassador from Barbados.
  • Mia Mottley (1986):[29] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Barbados (2001)

Belize

  • Hadie Goldson:[30] First female lawyer in Belize
  • Zoila Ellis-Browne:[31] First Garifuna female lawyer in Belize
  • Michelle Arana:[32] First female judge in Belize (2006)
  • Vanessa Retreage:[33] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Belize (2015)
  • Lisa Shoman (1988):[34] First female appointed as a Judge of the Inter-American Development Bank's Tribunal (2017). She was also the first female to serve as the Ambassador of Belize to the United States (2000-2007), Minister of Foreign Affairs & Foreign Trade (2007), and President of the Bar Association of Belize (1996).

Bermuda (GBR)

  • Lois Browne-Evans (1953):[35][36] First female lawyer in Bermuda
  • Dianna Kempe (1970):[37] First female lawyer to become Queen's Counsel (QC) in Bermuda (2000)
  • Norma Wade-Miller (1977):[38][39][40][41] First female magistrate in Bermuda. She was also the first female Judge of the High Court, Justice of the Supreme Court of Bermuda and Acting Chief Justice in Bermuda.

Bonaire (NLD)

British Virgin Islands (GBR)

Canada

  • Clara Brett Martin (1897): First female lawyer in Canada (upon being called to the Ontario Bar)
  • Alice Jamieson and Emily Murphy:[49][50][51][52][53] First female judges in Canada (Alberta; 1914-1916)
  • Helen Kinnear (1920):[54][55] First female appointed as a judge by the Government of Canada (1943). She was also the first female lawyer in the British Commonwealth to become a King's Counsel (1934) and to argue a case before the Supreme Court of Canada (1935)
  • Muriel McQueen Fergusson (1925):[56] First female (a lawyer) to serve as the Speaker of the Senate of Canada (1972-1974). She was also the first female judge of a probate court in New Brunswick.
  • Mary A. Wawrykow (c. 1940s):[57] First female lawyer of Ukrainian descent in Canada
  • Greta Grant (1946): First female lawyer of Chinese ancestry in Canada
  • Violet King Henry (1954):[58] First Black female lawyer in Canada
  • Constance Glube (1956):[59][60] First female appointed as a Chief Justice in Canada (1982). She was also the first female appointed as a Justice of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court.
  • Gabrielle Vallée (1954):[61] First female appointed as the Associate Chief Justice of a Superior Court of Canada (1976)
  • Réjane Laberge-Colas (1957):[62] First female appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court in Canada (1969)
  • Beverley McLachlin (1969):[63][64][65] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of Canada (2000-2017). She was also the first female appointed as a Judge of the British Columbia Court of Appeal (1985) and Chief Justice of the British Columbia Supreme Court (1988).
  • Marion Ironquil Meadmore (1977):[66] First indigenous female lawyer in Canada
  • Bertha Wilson (c. 1950s):[67][68][69] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court in Canada (1982). She was also the first female to sit on the Ontario Court of Appeal in 1975.
  • Rosalie Abella:[70] First Jewish female judge in Canada (1975) and Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (2004)
  • Kim Campbell (1984): First female (a lawyer) Prime Minister of Canada. She was also the first female Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (1990-1993).
  • Corrine E. Sparks:[71] First Black female judge in Canada (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Nova Scotia Family Court in 1987)
  • Palbinder K. Shergill (1991):[72] First female (a Sikh) turbaned judge in Canada (2017)
  • Terry Vyse:[73] First aboriginal female judge in Canada (1991)
  • Maryka Omatsu:[74] First East Asian female judge in Canada (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Ontario Court of Justice in 1993)
  • Violet Ford (c. 1997):[75] First Inuk female lawyer in Canada
  • Michelle O'Bonsawin:[76][77] First Abenakise (and female) judge in Canada (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Superior Court of Justice in 2017)
  • Geneviève Bernatchez:[78] First female appointed as Judge Advocate General of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) (2017)

Firsts in a particular region in Canada

Alberta

  • Lillian Ruby Clements (c. 1915):[79] First female called to the Bar in Alberta, Canada
  • Alison Redford (c. 1988):[80] First female (a lawyer) to serve as the Premier of Alberta (2011-2014)
  • Catherine Fraser:[81] First female appointed as the Chief Justice of Alberta (1992)
  • Karen Crowshoe (1994):[82] First Blackfoot female called to the Alberta Bar. She later became the first female First Nations provincial court judge (2018).
  • Mary Moreau:[83] First female justice appointed as Chief Justice of the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench (2017)

British Columbia

  • Mabel French (1912):[66][84][85] First female lawyer called to the British Columbia Bar and New Brunswick
  • Helen Gregory MacGill:[86] First female judge in British Columbia (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Juvenile Court in 1917)
  • Edith Paterson (1916):[87] First female member of the Law Society of British Columbia to become a judge (1929)
  • Shirley Giroday (1956):[88] First female lawyer in Northern British Columbia, Canada. She later became a judge.
  • Patricia Proudfoot:[87] First female appointed as a Justice of the British Columbia Supreme Court (1977). She was also the first female appointed as a Judge of the Criminal Division of the Provincial Court.
  • Marion Buller:[89] First female of the First Nations appointed as a Judge of the Provincial Court of British Columbia (1994)
  • Shirley Bond:[87] First female Attorney General of British Columbia (2011-2013)
  • Micheline Rawlins:[90] First female appointed as a Judge of the Ontario Court of Justice (1992)
  • Agnes Kristin Krantz:[91] First female lawyer in Prince George, Canada. In 2012, she died at the age of 67 after brief illness.[92]
  • Alicia Hubbard (2014):[93] First female called to the Bar in Salmon Arm, British Columbia

Manitoba

  • I.R. Macbean (c. 1917):[94] First female called to the Bar in Manitoba, Canada
  • Judith Webster:[95] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Provincial Court of Manitoba (1993-2001)
  • Doreen Redhead:[96] First First Nations female appointed as a Judge of the Provincial Court of Manitoba (2007)

New Brunswick

  • Mabel French (1912):[66][84][85] First female lawyer called to the British Columbia Bar and New Brunswick Bar
  • Barbara Baird Filliter (c. 1985):[97] First female (a lawyer) to serve as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick (1989-1991)
  • Jolène Richard:[98] First female appointed as the Chief Judge of the New Brunswick Provincial Court (2017)

Newfoundland and Labrador

Nova Scotia

  • Frances Fish (1918):[99][100] First female lawyer in Nova Scotia, Canada
  • Elizabeth Roscoe:[101] First female appointed as a Judge of the Family Court judge in Nova Scotia (1984)
  • Nancy Bateman:[101] First female appointed as a Judge of the Nova Scotia County Court (1990)
  • Kathryn M. Dumke (c. 1990s):[102] First openly LGBT lawyer to practice in Nova Scotia, Canada
  • Catherine Benton:[103] First Mi'kmaq and aboriginal female judge in Nova Scotia (2017)

Nunavut

  • Sandra Kunuk Inutiq (2006):[104] First Inuk female lawyer in Nunavut

Ontario

  • Annie Epstein Baker (1929):[66] Reputed to be the first Jewish woman called to the Ontario Bar [Canada]
  • Delia Opekokew (1979): First Aboriginal female lawyer called to the Ontario Bar and Saskatchewan Bar [Canada]
  • Lida Bell Pearson (1921):[66] First female lawyer in Preston, Ontario [Canada]
  • Susan Ursel (1986):[66] First openly LGBT female lawyer called to the Ontario Bar [Canada]
  • Mary McNulty (1918):[66] First female lawyer in Ottawa, Ontario [Canada]
  • Edra Ferguson (1930): First female lawyer in St. Thomas, Ontario [Canada]
  • Lesley Ault:[105] First female lawyer in Leeds and Grenville County, as well as Dundas County [Ontario Province, Canada]

Prince Edward Island

  • Nancy Orr:[107] First female judge of the provincial court of Prince Edward Island (1995). She later became the first Chief Judge (2015).

Quebec

  • Elizabeth Monk (1942)[108] and Suzanne R. Fillion (1942):[109][110] First women called to the Ordre du Barreau québécois, Canada
  • Jeanne D'Arc Lemay (1946): First female admitted to the Quebec Bar, Canada
  • Gabrielle Vallée (1950):[111] First female lawyer elected as the Bâtonnière in Quebec (1973)
  • Claire L'Heureux-Dubé (1952):[112] First female judge in the Court of Appeal of Quebec, Canada (1979)
  • Marie-Claire Kirkland (1952):[113] First female (a lawyer) elected as the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. She was the first female to be appointed as a Cabinet minister in Quebec and acting premier. She was also the first female judge in the Quebec Provincial Court.
  • Sylviane Borenstein:[111] First Jewish female lawyer elected as the Bâtonnière in Quebec (1989)
  • Nicole Duval Hesler (1968):[110] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of Quebec (2011)
  • Guylène Beaugé (1984):[114][115] First female of Haitian descent appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court of Quebec (2007)
  • Fanny Wylde (2007):[116] First female lawyer from the Algonquin Nation and the first public prosecutor of the Couronne autochtone du Québec
  • Yvette Dussault Mailloux:[117] First female appointed as a Judge of the Court of Welfare in Montreal (1964) [Quebec, Canada]
  • Ginette Fournier (c. 1950s):[111] First female lawyer in Quebec City, Quebec [Canada]
  • Thérèse Lemay-Lavoie (c. 1950s):[111] First female lawyer in Saint-Georges-de-Beauce, Quebec [Canada]

Saskatchewan

  • Margaret Burgess (1917):[118] First female called to the Saskatchewan Bar [Canada]
  • Ethel MacLachlan (1948):[119] First female judge in Saskatchewan (upon her appointment as a juvenile court judge in Saskatchewan in 1917)
  • Delia Opekokew (1979): First Aboriginal female lawyer called to the Ontario Bar and Saskatchewan Bar [Canada]
  • Mary Ellen Turpel-Lafond (1988):[120] First First Nations female judge in Saskatchewan [Canada]

Costa Rica

  • Ángela Acuña Braun (c. 1925): First female lawyer in Costa Rica
  • María Eugenia Vargas Solera:[121][122][123] First female judge in Costa Rica (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Juvenile Protection of Costa Rica in 1956)
  • Maruja Chacón Pacheco:[124] First female magistrate of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Costa Rica (1997)
  • Zarela Villanueva Monge (c. 1970s):[125][126] First female to preside over the Supreme Court of Costa Rica (2013)
  • Doris Arias Madrigal:[127] First female justice appointed to the Presidency of the Criminal Chamber (2017)
  • Cecilia Sánchez Romero:[128][129] First female (a lawyer) to become the Minister of Justice in Costa Rica (2017)
  • Emilia Navas:[130] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Costa Rica (2018)

Firsts in a particular region in Costa Rica

  • Virginia Martén Pagés (c. 1947):[131][132] First female lawyer (and notary) to graduate from the University of Costa Rica [San Pedro Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica]

Cuba

Curaçao (NLD)

Dominica

Dominican Republic

  • Minerva Argentina Mirabal (c. 1940s)[151]: First female to graduate with a law degree in the Dominican Republic, but she was denied the right to practice as an attorney
  • Ana Teresa Paredas:[152][153][154] First female lawyer in the Dominican Republic
  • Luisa Comarazamy de Los Santos:[155][156] First female Justice of the Peace in the Dominican Republic (c. 1950s)
  • Pura Luz Núñez Pérez and Semiramis Olivo de Pichardo[157][158][159]: First females to serve as the Attorney General of the Dominican Republic (their terms were 1988-1990 respectively)
  • Margarita Tavares Vidal (1947):[160][161] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the Dominican Republic (1997)
  • Zoila Martínez (1967):[160] First female appointed as Prosecutor of the National District in the Dominican Republic (1995)
  • Rhadys Abreu de Polanco:[160] First Dominican Republic female elected as a Judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of the Organization of American States (2006)
  • Aura Celeste Fernández:[162][163] First female appointed as a Judge of the Central Electoral Board in the Dominican Republic (2006)
  • Olga Herrera Carbuccia:[160][164] First Dominican Republic female elected as a Judge of the International Criminal Court (2011)

Firsts in a particular region in the Dominican Republic

  • Ana Luisa Cabral Taveras:[165] First female appointed as a Judge in Cabrera (1984) [María Trinidad Sánchez Province, Dominican Republic]

El Salvador

  • Alma Paredes Delgado:[166] First female lawyer in El Salvador
  • Miriam Geraldine Aldana Revelo:[167] First (female) Judge of the Courts of Extinction of Domain (2004)

Greenland (DNK)

  • Agnete Weis Bentzon:[168] First female lawyer to perform a legal expedition in Greenland (the result of which led to the creation of a criminal law system in Greenland). She served as a judge in Greenland from 1963-1964. Prior to the expedition, she had the distinction of being Denmark's first female professor of law.

Grenada

Guadeloupe (FRA)

Guatemala

Haiti

  • Georgette Justin (1933):[182][183][184] First female lawyer in Haiti
  • Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (1971):[185][186][187] First female judge in Haiti (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Court of First Instance in 1979). She was also the first female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Haiti (or Court of Cassation; 1988), as well as the first female Acting President of Haiti (1990-1991).
  • Claudette Werleigh (1978):[188] First female (a lawyer) to serve as Prime Minister of Haiti (1995-1996)

Honduras

Jamaica

  • Lily Tai Ten Quee (1934):[192][193] First female Chinese barrister in Jamaica
  • Daisy Lucille Chambers (1948): First female lawyer in Jamaica[194][195]
  • Ena Joyce Collymore-Woodstock (1947; Bar's Gray Inn, England):[195][196][197] First female judge in Jamaica (upon her appointment as the Resident Magistrate in 1959). She was also the first female appointed as the Clerk of the Courts (1950).
  • Ena Blanche Allen (1953):[195][196][198] First female in Jamaica appointed as a Puisne Justice for the Supreme Court (1975)
  • Marjory "Madge" Morgan (1961):[195][196][199] First female Judge of the Court of Appeal in Jamaica (1988)
  • Zaila McCalla (1976):[200] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of Jamaica (2007)
  • Dorothy Lightbourne:[201] First female appointed as the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Jamaica (2007-2011)
  • Arlene Harrison Henry (1978):[202][203] First female appointed as the Public Defender of Jamaica (2015)
  • Margaret Ramsay-Hale (1991):[204][205][206] First female lawyer in Jamaica to become a Queen's Counsel (QC) (1994)
  • Nicole Foster-Pusey (1993):[207][208] First female appointed as the Solicitor-General of Jamaica (2012)

Martinique (FRA)

Mexico

  • María Asunción Sandoval de Zarco (1898):[213] First female lawyer in Mexico
  • Guadalupe Zuñiga de González:[214][215][216] First female appointed as a Judge of the Juvenile Court in Mexico (1926)
  • Esperanza Velázquez Bringas:[217][218][219] First female magistrate of the Superior Court of Justice of the Federal District of Mexico (1929)
  • Remedios Albertina Ezeta Uribe (1933):[220][221][222] First female judge (civil and criminal) in Mexico (c. 1940s)
  • María Lavalle Urbina (1944):[223][224][225] First female appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court of the District and Federal Territories (1947). She later became the first female President of the Senate of Mexico.
  • Dolores Hedúan Virués:[226] First female appointed as a Magistrate of the Tax Court of the Federation (1947)
  • María Cristina Salmorán de Tamayo:[227] First female appointed as the Minister of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation of Mexico (1961)
  • Luz María Perdomo Juvera:[228][229] First female appointed as a federal judge (1974)
  • Berta Alfonsina Navarro Hidalgo:[230][231] First female appointed as a Judge of the District of Power and a Magistrate of the Superior Court of the Electoral Court of the Judicial Power of the Federation in Mexico
  • María del Carmen Alanís Figueroa:[232][233] First female to serve as the Magistrate President of the Electoral Tribunal of the Judicial Power of the Federation (2007-2011)
  • Marisela Morales:[234] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Mexico (2011)

Firsts in a particular region in Mexico

  • Melissa Mijangos Boijseaneau (2009): First openly LGBT lawyer in Oaxaca, Mexico [Oaxaca State, Mexico]
  • María Teresa Herrera:[235] First female appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court of Justice of Nuevo León [Nuevo León State, Mexico]. She later became the first female to preside over the court.
  • Juana María Meza López:[236] First female appointed as a Judge of the District in San Luis Potosí (c. 1983) [San Luis Potosí State, Mexico]
  • Reyna Karina Torres Barrientos:[237] First female appointed as a Judge of the Control in the Accusatory Penal System (2016) [Tamaulipas State, Mexico]
  • Celia Rivas Rodríguez:[238] First female appointed as the Attorney General of the State of Yucatán, Mexico (2012)

Montserrat (GBR)

Nicaragua

  • Olga Núñez Abaunza (1945): First female lawyer in Nicaragua
  • Catalina Rojas and Joaquina Vega:[243][244][245] First female judges in Nicaragua (1948-1949)
  • Becky McCray Jefferaine (2007):[246][247] First female lawyer of Rama descent in Nicaragua
  • Ana Julia Guido Ochoa:[248] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Nicaragua (2014)

Panama

  • Clara Gonzalez (1925)[249]: First female lawyer in Panama. She later became the first female Judge of the Juvenile Justice Court when it was created in 1951.[250]
  • Marisol Reyes de Vásquez (c. 1958):[251] First female justice appointed as President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Panama (1985)
  • Graciela Dixon:[251][252] First Black female justice appointed as the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Panama (2005)

Puerto Rico (USA)

  • Herminia Tormes García (1917):[253][254][255][256] First female lawyer in Puerto Rico (upon her admission to the Federal Court for the District of Puerto Rico). In 1929, she became the first female judge in Puerto Rico.
  • Nilita Vientós Gaston (1926):[257] First female lawyer to work for the Department of Justice in Puerto Rico
  • Judith Seda Matos:[258] First female Justice of the Peace in Puerto Rico (1936-1941)
  • Carmen Consuelo Cerezo (1969):[259] First Puerto Rican female appointed as a Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico (1980). She is the first female federal judge in Puerto Rico.
  • Aida Delgado-Colón (1980):[260] First female appointed as an Assistant Federal Public Defender for the District of Puerto Rico (1982). She later served as the Chief Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico (2011).
  • Miriam Naveira:[261] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico (1985) and its Chief Justice (2003)
  • Maite Oronoz Rodríguez (2001):[262] First openly LGBT female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico (2016)

Firsts in a particular region in Puerto Rico

  • Isabel Llompart Zeno:[263] First female appointed as an Administrative Judge in San Juan, Puerto Rico (2007)

Saba (NLD)

Saint Barthélemy (FRA)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Martin (FRA)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FRA)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Sint Eustatius (NLD)

Sint Maarten (NLD)

Trinidad and Tobago

  • Gladys Eileen Ramsaran (1932):[299] First female lawyer in Trinidad and Tobago
  • Mona Rigsby James (1939):[300] First native-born female lawyer in Trinidad and Tobago
  • Jean A. Permanand (1962):[301][302] First female appointed as a Judge of the Appeal Court of Trinidad and Tobago (1993-2004).She was also the first female lawyer to become the Solicitor General in Trinidad and Tobago in the 1980s.
  • Occah Seepaul (1964):[301][303] First female appointed as the Master of the High Court in Trinidad and Tobago (1986-1993)
  • Wendy Punnett-Hope:[301] First female appointed as the Acting Deputy Registrar of the Supreme Court of Trinidad and Tobago (1970-1977). Brenda Paray-Durity later became the first permanent female Registrar.
  • Marie Elizabeth Bourne-Hollands:[301][303] First female judge in Trinidad and Tobago (upon her appointment as a Judge of the High Court of Trinidad and Tobago in 1972). She was also the first female lawyer in Barbados.
  • Kamla Persad-Bissessar (1985):[304][305] First female lawyer to become the Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago (1995). She later became the first female Prime Minister in the country.
  • Pennelope Beckles (1988):[306] First female (a lawyer) to serve as the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament for Trinidad and Tobago (2007-2010)
  • Morean Phillip:[307] First female appointed as the President of the Law Association of Trinidad and Tobago (1989)
  • Marcia Ayres-Caesar:[301][308] First female appointed as the Chief Magistrate at the Eighth Court in Port-of-Spain of Trinidad and Tobago (2010)

Turks and Caicos Islands (GBR)

  • Shirley D. Simmons (1980):[309][310] First female (a Bermudian) admitted to the Turks and Caicos Islands Bar Association
  • Margaret Ramsay-Hale (1991):[204][205][206] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2014). She is also known as being the first female lawyer in Jamaica to become a Queen's Counsel (QC) (1994)
  • Sarah Knight (1998):[311] First Turks and Caicos Islander female admitted to the Turks and Caicos Islands Bar Association. She later served as the association's president.
  • Rhondalee Braithwaite-Knowles:[312] First Turks and Caicos Islander female to become a Deputy Attorney General (2008) and Attorney General of Turks and Caicos Islands (2014)
  • Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson (1998): First female (a lawyer) Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2016)

United States

States

See List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States for more details.

United States Virgin Islands (USA)

KEY

See also

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