List of defunct hard disk manufacturers
At least 221 companies were hard disk drive manufacturers in the past.[1] Most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions. None of the first four entrants continue in the industry today.[2] As shown in the graphic surviving manufacturers are Seagate, Toshiba and Western Digital (WD) all of whom grew at least in part through mergers and acquisitions.
Partial list of defunct manufacturers
Some of the defunct manufacturers include:
- Amcodyne[3]
- Ampex[3]
- Anelex Corp.[2]
- Areal Technology[3] – acquired by Tomen Corp in 1993[4]
- Aura Associates[3]
- Avatar Systems[3]
- BASF[3]
- Bryant Computer Products[2][3]
- Burroughs Corporation[3][5] – merged with Sperry Corporation to form Unisys in 1986
- Castlewood Systems
- Caelus Memories, Inc.[6]
- CalComp[3]
- Calluna Technologies[3]
- Century Data[3]
- Comport[3]
- Computer Memories Inc.[3] (CMI) – left industry in 1986[7]
- Computer Memory Technology[8] (CMT)
- Conner Peripherals[3] – merged with Seagate in 1996
- Control Data Corporation (CDC) / Imprimis Technology[3] – sold hard disk drive business to Seagate in 1989
- Cornice LLC – bankrupt in 2007[9]
- Data General Corporation
- Data Products Corp.[2][3]
- Data Recording Instruments[3] (DRI)
- Dataplay[10] (DPHI, DaTARIUS)
- Diablo Systems[3][8] - became Diablo Data Systems in 1972
- Digital Equipment Corporation[3] (DEC) – sold hard disk drive business to Quantum Corporation in 1994
- DZU (of Bulgaria)[3] – converted from government-owned to private, and sold to Videoton_(company) in 1999
- ExcelStor Technology – left industry
- Fuji Electric[3]
- Fujitsu[3] – HDD division acquired by Toshiba in July 2009[11]
- General Electric[3] (GE) –
- Gigastorage[3]
- Hewlett-Packard[12] (HP) - 1976 to 1996, left industry
- Hitachi Global Storage Technologies[3] (HGST) – 2002 merger of Hitachi and IBM disk drive businesses, sold to Western Digital in 2012 with part of 3.5″ manufacturing facilities going to Toshiba[13][14][15][16]
- Hokushin Electric Works[3]
- Honeywell Bull[3][8]
- IBM[2][3] – hard disk drive business acquired by Hitachi Global Storage Technologies in 2002
- Information Storage Systems[3] Acquired by Itel, then Univac and finally CDC[17]
- Integral Peripherals[3] – first rigid 1.8" drive; bankrupt in 1998
- Iomec[8]
- Iomega[3] – left industry
- ISOT/ИЗОТ (of Bulgaria)[nb 1]
- JT Storage[3] (JTS) – bankrupt in 1999
- JVC[3] – left industry
- Kalok[3] – bankrupt in 1994
- LaCie – acquired by Seagate Technology in 2012[18]
- LaPine Technologies[3]
- Librascope[19]
- Marshall Laboratories[3]
- Matsushita[3] - left industry in 2004
- Maxtor[3] – acquired by Seagate in 2006
- Memorex[3] – acquired by Burroughs 1981 and then merged into Unisys 1986; HDD division shut down in 1988
- Microcomputer Memories[3] – left the industry
- Micropolis Corporation[3] – bankrupt in 1997
- Microscience International[3] – bankrupt in 1992
- MiniScribe[3] – bankrupt and then acquired by Maxtor in 1990
- Ministor Peripherals[3] – first mobile 1.8" drive; bankrupt in 1998
- Mitsubishi[3] – left industry
- NEC[3] – left industry
- Nippon Peripherals[3]
- Nomaï[3]
- Olivetti[3]
- Pertec Computer[20]
- Philips[3]
- Plus Development – Subsidiary of Quantum; created Hardcard; absorbed back into Quantum 1992
- Potter Instrument[3][8]
- PrairieTek[3] – first 2.5" rigid HDD; bankrupt in 1991
- Priam Corporation[3] – 1978-1989, became Priam Systems Corporation in 1990 and sold product line to Prima International in 1991
- Quantum Corporation[3] – sold hard disk drive business to Maxtor in 2001
- Raymond Engineering[3]
- Rodime[3] – first 3.5" rigid HDD;[3] shut down manufacturing in 1991; licensed its patents until the patent business was sold for $1.5M in July 2003. The company was then the subject of a reverse merger and became Sportech PLC.
- Sagem[3]
- Samsung[3] – HDD business acquired by Seagate for $1.4 billion in 2011[21]
- Seiko Epson[3]
- Sequel[3]
- Shugart Associates – Acquired by Xerox in 1977 and shut down in 1986.
- Siemens[3]
- Sony[3]
- Storage Technology Corporation (StorageTek or STK) – left industry
- Syquest[3] – bankrupt in 1998; some patents acquired by Iomega. Re-emerged selling cartridges for their previously-discontinued products.
- Tandon Corporation[3] – acquired by Western Digital in 1988[3]
- Tulin Corporation[3] – bankrupt
- Vertex Peripherals[22] – acquired by Priam Corporation in 1985
See also
Notes
- ↑ The Bulgarian manufacturer ISOT manufactured a 10 MB harddisk drive CM 5508 in 1989. It seems to have been used in the Iskra-1030 personal computer built in 1989 as well. The CM 5508 drive was also available under the ИЗОТ name.
References
- ↑
- Maleval, Jean-Jacques (2013-03-28). "HISTORY: List of 221 Companies in HDD Manufacturing Since 1956". Retrieved 2017-03-27.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Hess, Herman (1964). "A Comparison of the Characteristics of Modern Discs and Tapes". Disc File Applications. Nation's First Disc File Symposium. Detroit, MI, USA: American Data Processing Inc. pp. 60–70. 64-23108.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 McKendrick, David (November 1997). "Sustaining Competitive Advantage in Global Industries: Technological Change and Foreign Assembly in the Hard Disk Drive Industry". Archived from the original on 2014-02-09. Retrieved 2011-08-03.
- ↑ "Company Summary: Areal Technology". LinkSV.
- ↑ Alper, Alan (1986-11-10). "Merger fallout puts Memorex across Atlantic". Computerworld. XX (45): 1, 8. Retrieved 2011-08-03.
- ↑ Upton, Molly (1973-10-31). "Caelus Plans 3336-11-Type Disk, Will 'Wait and See' on Winchester". Computerworld. VII (44): 34. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
- ↑ InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. (27 January 1986). InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. pp. 18–. ISSN 0199-6649.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Comstock, George E. (2003-08-13). Hendrie, Gardner, ed. "Oral History of George Comstock" (PDF). Mountain View, California, USA: Computer History Museum. CHM X2727.2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-03-23. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
- ↑ http://www.storagesearch.com/cornice.html Storage Search on Cornice
- ↑
- ↑ "Toshiba : Press Release (30 Apr, 2009): Toshiba and Fujitsu Conclude Definitive Agreement on HDD Business Transfer".
- ↑ "HP Computer Museum".
- ↑ Smith, Ryan (2012-03-06). "Western Digital To Sell Hitachi's 3.5" Hard Drive Business To Toshiba, Complete Hitachi Buyout". AnandTech. Archived from the original on 2017-04-02. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
Western Digital will be allowed to acquire Hitachi's 2.5" and SSD businesses, but not the 3.5" business. Instead Western Digital will be selling that business to Toshiba – factories and all – along with granting licenses for the necessary patents, which would allow Toshiba to effectively continue in the 3.5" market from where Hitachi left off. This would firmly establish Seagate, Western Digital, and Toshiba as the 3 major players in the hard drive business across all product segments.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-09-26.
- ↑ "Toshiba Acquires WD HDD Manufacturing Equipment and Transfer of HDD Manufacturing".
- ↑ Coughlin, Tom. "A very long engagement -- Western Digital finally acquires Hitachi's HDD Business".
- ↑ Information Technology Industry TimeLine Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine., see 1971 entry
- ↑ "Seagate to buy LaCie for $186 million, expand its storage empire".
- ↑ Librascope Series L107 Disc Memory System
- ↑ "Another OEM doesn't go to the devil". Computerworld (Advertisement): 32. 1973-10-31. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
- ↑ "Seagate Completes Acquisition of Samsung's Hard Disk Drive Business" (Press release). Seagate Technology. 2011-12-19. Archived from the original on 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2015-08-19.
- ↑ Sylvester, David (1987-02-17). "Priam moves offshore in bid for survival". The Journal of Commerce (JOC). Retrieved 2017-03-28.
Further reading
- Wong, Poh-Kam (July 1999). "The dynamics of the HDD industry development in Singapore" (PDF). Centre for Management of Innovation and Technopreneurship, National University of Singapore: The Information Storage Industry Center, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California. Report 99-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
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