List of best-selling Wii video games

Part of a series on:
Video games
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

This is a list of Wii video games that have sold or shipped at least one million copies, sorted in order of copies sold. As of March 2011, there are 104 Wii video games that have sold over 1 million units. The top game on the list Wii Sports became the 3rd best-selling video game of all time and remains the best-selling ever released on a single console.[1]

List

Wii
Nintendo Wii games which have sold or shipped at least one million copies
Title Total copies sold Release date Genre Developer Publisher
Wii Sports 82.85 million[2][b]
  • NA: November 19, 2006
  • JP: December 2, 2006
  • AU: December 7, 2006
  • EU: December 8, 2006
 Sports Nintendo EAD (Group 2) Nintendo
Mario Kart Wii 37.10 million[2][a][b]
  • JP: April 10, 2008[3]
  • EU: April 11, 2008
  • AU: April 24, 2008
  • NA: April 27, 2008
  • KOR: April 30, 2009
 Racing Nintendo EAD (Group 1) Nintendo
Wii Sports Resort 33.08 million[2][a][b]
Sports Nintendo EAD (Group 2) Nintendo
New Super Mario Bros. Wii 30.20 million[2][b]
Platform Nintendo EAD (Group 4) Nintendo
Wii Play 28.02 million[2][a]
  • JP: December 2, 2006
  • EU: December 8, 2006
  • NA: February 12, 2007
 Nintendo EAD (Group 2) Nintendo
Wii Fit 22.67 million[2][a]
Fitness Nintendo EAD (Group 5) Nintendo
Wii Fit Plus 21.13 million[2]
Fitness Nintendo EAD (Group 5) Nintendo
Super Smash Bros. Brawl 13.27 million[2]
  • JP: January 31, 2008
  • NA: March 9, 2008
  • AU: June 26, 2008
  • EU: June 27, 2008[20]
 Fighting, action, platform Ad hoc development team Nintendo
Super Mario Galaxy 12.77 million[2]
  • JP: November 1, 2007
  • NA: November 12, 2007
  • EU: November 16, 2007[21]
  • AU: November 29, 2007
 Platform Nintendo EAD (Group 1) Nintendo
Wii Party 9.32 million[2]
  • JP: July 8, 2010
  • NA: October 3, 2010
  • EU: October 8, 2010
 Nd Cube, Nintendo SPD (Group 4) Nintendo
Mario Party 8 8.85 million[22]
  • NA: May 29, 2007
  • EU: June 22, 2007
  • UK: July 13, 2007
  • AU: July 19, 2007[23]
  • JP: July 26, 2007
  • KOR: November 6, 2008
 Party Hudson Soft Nintendo
Super Mario Galaxy 2 7.41 million[24]
Platform Nintendo EAD (Group 1) Nintendo
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess 7.26 million[29]
  • NA: November 19, 2006
  • JP: December 2, 2006
  • AU: December 7, 2006
  • EU: December 8, 2006
 Action-adventure Nintendo EAD (Group 3) Nintendo
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games 7.09 million[30]
  • NA: November 6, 2007
  • AUS / JP: November 22, 2007
  • EU: November 23, 2007
 Sports Sega Sports R&D
Donkey Kong Country Returns 6.53 million[31]
  • NA: November 21, 2010
  • AU: December 2, 2010
  • EU: December 3, 2010
  • JP: December 9, 2010
 Platform Retro Studios, Nintendo Nintendo
Link's Crossbow Training 5.79 million[32][a]
Shooter Nintendo EAD (Group 3) Nintendo
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games 5.67 million[30]
  • JP: November 5, 2009
  • AU: December 25, 2009
  • NA: December 15, 2009
  • EU: November 16, 2009
 Sports Sega Sports R&D
Just Dance 2 5 million[37]
  • NA: October 12, 2010
  • EU: October 14, 2010
 Ubisoft Paris Ubisoft
Animal Crossing: City Folk 4.32 million[38][a]
  • USA: November 16, 2008
  • CAN: November 17, 2008
  • JP: November 20, 2008
  • AU: December 4, 2008
  • EU: December 5, 2008
  • KOR: January 28, 2010
 Life simulation Nintendo EAD (Group 2) Nintendo
Just Dance 4.3 million[39]
  • NA: November 17, 2009
  • EU: November 27, 2009
 Ubisoft Paris Ubisoft
Super Paper Mario 4.23 million[40]
  • NA: April 9, 2007
  • JP: April 19, 2007
  • EU: September 14, 2007
  • AU: September 20, 2007
 Action RPG Intelligent Systems Nintendo
The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword 3.93 million[41][a]
Action-adventure Nintendo EAD (Group 3) Nintendo
Big Brain Academy: Wii Degree 3.79 million[40]
  • JP: April 26, 2007
  • NA: June 11, 2007
  • EU: July 20, 2007
  • AU: November 8, 2007
 Puzzle, Educational Nintendo EAD (Group 4) Nintendo
Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games 3.70 million[46]
  • EU: November 13, 2011
  • NA: November 15, 2011
  • AU: November 17, 2011
  • JP: December 8, 2011
 Sports Sega Sports Japan
Wii Music 3.24 million[38]
  • JP: October 16, 2008
  • NA: October 20, 2008
  • EU: November 14, 2008
 Nintendo
Mario Party 9 3.11 million[47]
Party Nd Cube Nintendo
Super Mario All-Stars: 25th Anniversary Edition 2.55 million[31]
  • JP: October 21, 2010
  • AU: December 2, 2010
  • EU: December 3, 2010
  • NA: December 12, 2010
 Platform Nintendo
Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock 2 million[50][a]
  • NA: October 28, 2007[51]
  • AU: November 7, 2007
  • EU: November 23, 2007
  • JP: May 22, 2008
 Music, Rhythm Vicarious Visions Activision
Michael Jackson: The Experience 2 million[37]
  • NA: November 23, 2010
  • EU: November 26, 2010
  • JP: December 8, 2011
 Ubisoft
Resident Evil 4: Wii Edition 2 million[52]
  • JP: May 31, 2007
  • NA: June 19, 2007
  • EU: June 29, 2007
  • AU: July 5, 2007
 Survival horror Capcom
Deca Sports 2 million shipped[53]
  • JP: March 19, 2008[54]
  • NA: May 13, 2008
  • EU: June 6, 2008
  • AU: June 20, 2008
 Sports Hudson Soft
Epic Mickey 2 million shipped[55]
  • AU: November 25, 2010
  • EU: November 26, 2010
  • NA: November 20, 2010
  • JP: August 4, 2011
 Platform Junction Point Studios Disney Interactive Studios
  • JP: Nintendo
Game Party 2 million shipped[56]
  • NA: November 27, 2007
  • EU: February 14, 2008
Monster Hunter Tri 1.9 million[52]
Action RPG Capcom Production Studio 1 Capcom
Kirby's Epic Yarn 1.85 million[31]
Platform Good-Feel, HAL Laboratory Nintendo
WarioWare: Smooth Moves 1.82 million[64]
  • JP: December 2, 2006
  • EU: January 12, 2007
  • NA: January 15, 2007
  • AU: January 25, 2007
 Party Nintendo SPD (Group 1), Intelligent Systems Nintendo
EA Sports Active 1.8 million[65]
  • NA: May 19, 2009
  • EU: May 22, 2009
  • JP: August 6, 2009
 Electronic Arts
Kirby's Return to Dream Land 1.79 million[41]
Platform HAL Laboratory Nintendo
Mario Strikers Charged 1.77 million[40]
Sports Next Level Games Nintendo
Mario Sports Mix 1.54 million[31]
Sports Square Enix, Nintendo SPD (Group 4) Nintendo
Carnival Games 1.5 million[75]
  • NA: August 28, 2007
  • EU: October 26, 2007
Metroid Prime 3: Corruption 1.41 million[40]
  • NA: August 27, 2007
  • EU: October 26, 2007
  • AU: November 8, 2007
  • JP: March 6, 2008
 First-person action-adventure Retro Studios, Nintendo Nintendo
Guitar Hero World Tour 1.334 million[76][a]
  • NA: October 26, 2008
  • EU: November 7, 2008
  • AU: November 12, 2008
 Music, Rhythm Vicarious Visions Activision
Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles 1.3 million[52]
  • NA: November 13, 2007
  • JP: November 15, 2007
  • EU: November 30, 2007
  • AU: December 13, 2007
 Rail shooter Capcom, Cavia
  • JP / NA / EU: Capcom
  • AU: Nintendo Australia
  • AU: Red Ant Enterprises
  • AU: THQ Asia Pacific
Mario Super Sluggers 1.26 million[38]
  • JP: June 19, 2008[77]
  • NA: August 25, 2008
 Sports Namco Bandai Games, Now Production Nintendo
Wii Play: Motion 1.26 million[41]
  • NA: June 13, 2011
  • EU: June 24, 2011
  • JP: July 7, 2011
 Nintendo
Pokémon Battle Revolution 1.202 million
  • 850,000 in North America and Western Europe[78]
  • 352,123 in Japan[79]
  • JP: December 14, 2006
  • NA: June 25, 2007
  • AU: November 22, 2007
  • EU: December 7, 2007
 Fighting Genius Sonority Nintendo
Rayman Raving Rabbids 1.2 million[80]
  • NA: November 19, 2006
  • AU: December 7, 2006
  • EU: December 8, 2006
  • JP: December 14, 2006
 Party Ubisoft Montpellier Ubisoft
We Ski 1.2 million[81]
Sports Namco Bandai Games Namco Bandai Games
Big Beach Sports 1.2 million shipped[84]
  • NA: June 24, 2008
  • EU: June 27, 2008
Active Life: Outdoor Challenge 1.03 million[85]
  • JP: May 29, 2008
  • EU: August 9, 2008
  • NA: September 9, 2008
Call of Duty: World at War over 1 million[86]
  • NA: November 10, 2008
  • EU: November 14, 2008
 Activision
Red Steel 1 million[80]
  • NA: November 19, 2006
  • JP: December 2, 2006
  • EU: December 8, 2006
 Ubisoft
Rock Band 1 million[87]
Rhythm Pi Studios MTV Games, Electronic Arts
Game Party 2 1 million shipped[56]
  • NA: October 6, 2008
  • EU: October 31, 2008
  • ^ a: Bundled with a popular accessory (e.g. additional Wii-mote, MotionPlus, Wii Zapper, Wii Wheel).
  • ^ b: Bundled with a version of the console. The white console was commonly bundled with Wii Sports at launch; since the release of MotionPlus, the Wii Sports bundle with either the white or black console also includes Wii Sports Resort. In addition, since the launch of the corresponding games, the white console has been commonly bundled with Mario Kart Wii (and the Wii Wheel), and the black console has been commonly bundled with New Super Mario Bros. Wii.

Total Wii games sold as of March 31, 2018: 919.81 million.[91]

Total Virtual Console games sold as of December 31, 2007: over 10 million[92]

References

  1. ↑ "Earnings Release: Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2011" (PDF). Nintendo. April 26, 2011. p. 16. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Top Selling Software Sales Units". Nintendo. September 30, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  3. ↑ "Mario Kart Wii". GameSpy. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011.
  4. ↑ "Wii Sports Resort" (in Japanese). Nintendo. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
  5. ↑ "Wii Sports Resort and Wii MotionPlus – Release date announced". May 20, 2009.
  6. ↑ "Official: Wii MotionPlus dated". April 14, 2009. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
  7. ↑ "Nintendo to set Summer '09 Ablaze with Wii MotionPlus and Wii Sports Resort". Nintendo Of America. April 14, 2009.
  8. ↑ "한국닌텐도, 두 개의 신작 발표: 위 스포츠 리조트 및 마리오와 루이지 RPG 정식 발매". Nintendo Korea. May 19, 2010.
  9. ↑ "New SUPER MARIO BROS. Wii Release Date Announced". Nintendo Australia. October 28, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
  10. ↑ "Wii at $199.99 Beginning Sept. 27" (Press release). Nintendo. September 23, 2009. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
  11. ↑ "Multiplayer mayhem galore in new Mario adventure!". Nintendo of Europe. September 24, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2009.
  12. ↑ "New Super Mario Bros. Wii – Release Summary". GameSpot. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
  13. ↑ "Wii Get Fit in December".
  14. ↑ Elliott, Phil (February 20, 2008). "Wii Fit set for April release in Europe". GamesIndustry.biz. Eurogamer. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  15. ↑ "Wii Fit". Nintendo. March 17, 2008. Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  16. ↑ Spencer (July 23, 2009). "Standalone Wii Fit Plus Sold At A Deep Discount". Siliconera. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  17. ↑ "Nintendo Unveils Wii Fit Plus Launch Date and New Colors of Nintendo DSi, Wii Remote". Las Vegas, Nevada: Nintendo of America. August 31, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2009. Nintendo today announced that the new Wii Fit Plus game will launch in North America on Oct. 4
  18. ↑ "Wii Fit Plus dated, priced for Australia – Australian Nintendo News Source – Vooks – 3DS – Wii- DS". Vooks. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
  19. ↑ "Nintendo introduces new social entertainment experiences at E3 Expo" (Press release). Nintendo of Europe. June 2, 2009. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
  20. ↑ "Super Smash Bros. Brawl Release Information for the Wii". GameFAQs. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Super Mario Galaxy Review". IGN. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
  22. ↑ "'Wii Party' revealed by Iwata". Joystiq. May 7, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  23. ↑ "Mario Party 8". Nintendo Australia. Retrieved June 20, 2007.
  24. ↑ O'Malley, James (11 September 2015). "30 Best-Selling Super Mario Games of All Time on the Plumber's 30th Birthday". Gizmodo. Univision Communications. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  25. ↑ Fletcher, JC (February 24, 2010). "Super Mario Galaxy 2 flies into retail space May 23". Joystiq. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
  26. ↑ "スーパーマリオギャラクシー二". Nintendo.co.jp. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
  27. ↑ "Super Mario Galaxy 2 Release Information". GameFAQs. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  28. ↑ "Nintendo.com.au". Nintendo.com.au. May 17, 2010. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  29. ↑ "Nintendo Annual Report 2011" (Portable Document Format). Nintendo. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
  30. 1 2 "The 'Godfather' of Gaming is Back!". Guinness World Records. May 2010. Archived from the original on May 31, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  31. 1 2 3 4 "Supplementary Information about Earnings Release" (PDF). Nintendo. April 26, 2011. p. 10. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  32. ↑ "Supplementary Information about Earnings Release" (PDF). Nintendo. May 7, 2010. p. 6. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  33. ↑ "Nintendo's New Wii Zapper Targets Fun". Nintendo. September 10, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved September 10, 2007.
  34. ↑ "In shops now: Wii Zapper". Nintendo of Europ. December 7, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2008.
  35. ↑ "News". Aussie-Nintendo.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2009. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  36. ↑ "Wiiリモコンがボウガンに！ 『リンクのボウガントレーニング+Wiiザッパー』" (in Japanese). Famitsu. February 27, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2008.
  37. 1 2 "Ubisoft: Interview: Ubisoft's Key Talks Just Dance 2's New 5M Unit Milestone". Gamasutra. January 11, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  38. 1 2 3 "Financial Results Briefing for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2009: Supplementary Information" (PDF). Financial Results Briefing for the 69th Fiscal Term Ended March 2009. Nintendo. May 8, 2009. p. 6. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
  39. ↑ "Ubisoft: Just Dance Passes 4 Million, Katy Perry Joining The Party". Gamasutra. October 6, 2010. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  40. 1 2 3 4 "Financial Results Briefing for Fiscal Year Ended March 2008" (PDF). Nintendo. April 25, 2008. p. 6. Retrieved April 25, 2008.
  41. 1 2 3 "Financial Results Briefing for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2012" (PDF). Nintendo. April 27, 2012. p. 6. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  42. ↑ East, Thomas (August 17, 2011). "New Nintendo Wii release schedule". Official Nintendo Magazine. Archived from the original on September 2, 2012.
  43. ↑ "Adventure in the Desert Awaits Link in The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword for Wii". November 4, 2011. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013.
  44. ↑ "ゼルダの伝説 スカイウォードソード". Nintendo. September 13, 2011.
  45. ↑ "Nintendo Games - The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword-Nintendo Games - Nintendo.com.au:". Nintendo. September 29, 2011.
  46. ↑ Rose, Mike. "Sega Sammy profits hit by weak game sales". Gamasutra.
  47. ↑ "Financial Results Briefing for the Nine-Month Period Ended December 2012" (PDF). Nintendo. January 31, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
  48. 1 2 3 "Mario Party 9 (Wii)". NintendoLife. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  49. ↑ "Mario Party 9". Nintendo. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
  50. ↑ Casamassina, Matt (April 17, 2008). "Exclusive First Look: The Conduit". IGN. p. 2. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
  51. ↑ "Activision Tears It up on Store Shelves with Launch of Guitar Hero(R) III: Legends of Rock" (Press release). Activision. October 26, 2007. Retrieved December 3, 2008.
  52. 1 2 3 "Platinum Titles". Capcom. March 31, 2013. Archived from the original on February 8, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  53. ↑ Ashcraft, Brian (April 9, 2009). "Two Million Copies Of Deca Sports Shipped". Kotaku. Retrieved April 12, 2009.
  54. ↑ Deca Sports for Wii - Deca Sports Wii Game - Deca Sports Wii Video Game
  55. ↑ Riley, Adam (June 6, 2011). "E311 : Nintendo Publishing Epic Mickey in Japan". Cubed3.
  56. 1 2 "Can You Create A Must-Have Wii Game?" (Press release). Gamasutra. March 9, 2009. Retrieved March 9, 2009.
  57. ↑ Barber, Tyler (December 22, 2009). "Capcom Delays Four Big Games". GameSpy. Retrieved December 24, 2009.
  58. ↑ Monster Hunter Tri Archived December 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Eurogamer.com. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
  59. ↑ Australian Monster Hunter Tri release date confirmed Archived March 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Aussie-Nintendo.com, March 11, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  60. ↑ "毛糸のカービィ". nintendo.co.jp.
  61. ↑ "Dates Announced for New Kirby, Donkey Kong and Pokémon Games". Nintendo. August 17, 2010. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
  62. ↑ "Kirby's Epic Yarn on Wii - Bursting At The Seams With Fun". Nintendo. January 31, 2011. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
  63. ↑ "Kirby's Epic Yarn EU Release Date". IGN. December 2, 2010. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
  64. ↑ Casamassina, Matt (July 25, 2007). "Nintendo Sales Update". IGN. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  65. ↑ Alexander, Leigh (August 4, 2009). "EA Beats Expectations Despite Widening Losses, Sims 3 Sells 3.7 Million Units". Gamasutra.
  66. ↑ "Kirby's Return to Dreamland". Nintendo of America. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  67. ↑ 発売カレンダー [Release Calendar] (in Japanese). Nintendo. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
  68. ↑ "Super Kirby goes multiplayer in Kirby's Adventure Wii". Nintendo of Europe. August 17, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  69. ↑ "Wii Games - Kirby's Adventure Wii - Nintendo.com.au". Nintendo Australia. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
  70. ↑ "Get ready for kick off!". Nintendo of Europe. March 4, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  71. ↑ "Mario Strikers Charged Football". Nintendo of Australia. May 3, 2007. Archived from the original on June 23, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  72. ↑ "NOA Release Dates Galore". Nintendo World Report. May 21, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  73. ↑ "Japanese release dates - Wii". GoNintendo.
  74. ↑ "Mario Sports Mix". Nintendo Australia. January 4, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
  75. ↑ Martin, Matt (June 27, 2008). "2K signs Havok for new Wii #itles". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved June 27, 2008.
  76. ↑ Pereira, Chris (January 15, 2009). "December NPDs: Wii and DS Combine for Over 5 Million". 1UP.com. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
  77. ↑ "Famitsu - two more Japanese Wii release dates". GoNintendo.
  78. ↑ "The Top 100 Selling Games of the Last 12 Months". Edge. April 10, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2009.
  79. ↑ "Nintendo Wii Japanese Ranking". Famitsu. Japan Game Charts. Archived from the original on August 5, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2009.
  80. 1 2 Chhibbar, Ashutosh (March 21, 2008). "3rd party Wii games that sold a million". That Videogames Blog. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
  81. ↑ Red, Carmine (December 29, 2008). "We Ski Coasts to a Million Units Sold". Nintendo World Report. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
  82. ↑ We Ski for Wii - We Ski Wii Game - We Ski Wii Video Game Archived May 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  83. ↑ "Nintendo Europe Q2 2008 release list". Nintendo UK.
  84. ↑ Remo, Chris (February 4, 2009). "THQ's Farrell: Focus On Fewer, Better Core Titles". Gamasutra. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
  85. ↑ "Financial Highlights for theFiscal Year Ended March 2009" (PDF). Namco Bandai Holdings. May 18, 2009. p. 4. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
  86. ↑ Totilo, Stephen (November 16, 2009). "Reggie: Wii 2 Theories Miss Key Point". Kotaku. Retrieved November 16, 2009.
  87. ↑ Hatfield, Daemon (January 15, 2009). "Consumers Prefer Gimped Rock Band". IGN. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
  88. ↑ "Rock Band Officially Rocking Wii". Next Generation. March 24, 2008. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
  89. ↑ Rick, Christopher (September 8, 2008). "Rock Band Price Cut for Europe, UK". Gamers Daily News. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2008.
  90. ↑ Pattison, Narayan (September 21, 2008). "EA Finally Sets A Date For Rock Band In Australia". IGN. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  91. ↑ "Dedicated Video Game Sales Units". Nintendo. March 31, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  92. ↑ Yohei Ogawa; Randolph Ramsay; Tor Thorsen (February 5, 2008). "Q&A: Nintendo's Satoru Iwata". GameSpot. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.