List of DNA-tested mummies

This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Also provided is a brief description of when and where they lived. Entries lacking a citation should be viewed with skepticism; in particular, cases with no sequence or haplogroup links, with citation, have no evidentiary basis for appearing.

mtDNA tests

The following mummies have undergone an mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) test, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:

Name Original Location
of Remains		 Date Lived
(years ago)		 Mitochondrial DNA sequence mtDNA Haplogroup Y-DNA Haplogroup
Paglicci 23 Italy 28,000[1] CRS [2] H
Paglicci 25 Italy 23,000[3] 7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A [4] HV[4]|
Cheddar Man England >9,000 16192T, 16270T U5a
Ötzi the Iceman Austria/Italy 5,300 [5] K.[6][7] G2a2b[8]
Ramesses III Egypt 3,200[9] E1b1a[10]
Pentawer Egypt 3,200[9] E1b1a[10]
The Norwich Anglo-Saxon England 1,000 16189A, 16223T, 16271C, 16278T X
Juanita the Ice Maiden Peru 500 16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A A
Young Man of Byrsa Tunisia late 6th century BCE U5b2c1[11]

DNA tests

The following mummies have undergone DNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:

Name Original Location
of Remains		 Date Lived
(years ago)		 DNA sequence Y-DNA Haplogroup
Thuya Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]
Yuya Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]
Tiye (Elder Lady KV35) Egypt 3,370 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]
Amenhotep III Egypt 3,370 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]
KV55 mummy Egypt 3,350 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]
KV35 Younger Lady Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]
Tutankhamun Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]
KV21 Mummy A Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]
KV21 Mummy B Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D2S1338,

D16S539, CSF1PO [12]
KV62 Fetus 1 Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]
KV62 Fetus 2 Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kambiz Kamrani (2006). "The 28,000 Year Old Paglicci 23 Cro-Magnon mtDNA Ain't Neandertal — It Is More Modern Than Anything Else". Anthropology.net. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  2. ↑ Caramelli, David; Vai, Stefania (July 2008). "A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences". PLoS ONE. Public Library of Science. 3 (7): e2700. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002700. PMC 2444030. PMID 18628960. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  3. ↑ Mallegni, F; Bertoldi, F; Manolis, S.K. (1999). "The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology. Elsevier. 50 (2): 127–148.
  4. 1 2 Caramelli, David; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; et al. (May 27, 2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". PNAS. NAS. 100 (11): 6593–6597. doi:10.1073/pnas.1130343100. PMC 164492. PMID 12743370.
  5. ↑ Bonani, Georges; Ivy, Susan D.; et al. (1994). "AMS 14
    C
     Age Determination of Tissue, Bone and Grass Samples from the Ötzal Ice Man"     (PDF). Radiocarbon. The Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona. 36 (2): 247–250. doi:10.1017/s0033822200040534. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  6. ↑ Ermini, Luca; Olivieri, Cristina; et al. (November 11, 2008). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman". Current Biology. Elsevier. 18 (21): 1687–93. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.028. PMID 18976917.
  7. ↑ Endicott, Phillip; Sanchez, Juan J; et al. (2009). "Genotyping human ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extension assay: The singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman". BMC Genetics. BioMed Central. 10: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-29. PMC 2717998. PMID 19545382.
  8. ↑ Keller, Andreas; Graefen, Angela; et al. (February 28, 2012). "New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing". Nature Communications. Nature Publishing Group. 3: 698. doi:10.1038/ncomms1701. PMID 22426219.
  9. 1 2 "Study reveals that Pharaoh's throat was cut during royal coup". BMJ. 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  10. 1 2 Hawass, Zahi; Ismail, Somaia; Selim, Ashraf; Saleem, Sahar N.; Fathalla, Dina; Wasef, Sally; Gad, Ahmed Z.; Saad, Rama; Fares, Suzan; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Gad, Yehia Z.; Pusch, Carsten M.; Zink, Albert R. (December 17, 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study". BMJ. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. 345: e8268. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. PMID 23247979. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  11. ↑ Matisoo-Smith EA, Gosling AL, Boocock J, Kardailsky O, Kurumilian Y, Roudesli-Chebbi S, et al. (May 25, 2016). "A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa" (PDF). PLoS ONE. 11 (5): e0155046. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155046. PMC 4880306. PMID 27224451. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Zahi Hawass, PhD; Yehia Z. Gad, MD; Somaia Ismail, PhD; et al, Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family, JAMA. 2010;303(7):638-647

Further reading

  • Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen (August 3, 2005). "Mosaics of ancient mitochondrial DNA: positive indicators of nonauthenticity". European Journal of Human Genetics. Nature Publishing Group. 13 (10): 1106–1112. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201476. PMID 16077732. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  • The Seven Daughters of Eve by Bryan Sykes.
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