List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes

This list consists of American politicians convicted of crimes either committed or prosecuted while holding office in the federal government. It includes politicians who were convicted or pleaded guilty in a court of law; and does not include politicians involved in unprosecuted scandals (which may or may not have been illegal in nature), or politicians who have only been arrested or indicted. The list also does not include crimes that occur outside the politician's tenure unless they specifically stem from acts while they were in office.

Although the convicted politicians are arranged by presidential terms starting with the most recent, many of the crimes have little or no connection to who is President. Since the passage of Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution on January 23, 1933, presidential terms have begun on January 20 of the year following the presidential election; prior to that, they began on March 4.

2017–Present (Donald J. Trump (R) presidency)

Executive branch

2009–2017 (Barack Obama (D) presidency)

Executive branch

Legislative branch

  • Steve Stockman (R-TX) was convicted of fraud. (2018)[4]
  • Anthony Weiner (D-NY)[5] was convicted of sending sexually explicit photos of himself to a 15-year-old girl and was made to sign the sexual offenders register. (2017)[6]
  • Corrine Brown (D-FL) was convicted on 18 felony counts of wire and tax fraud, conspiracy, lying to federal investigators, and other corruption charges. (2017)[7][8]
  • Chaka Fattah (D-PA) was convicted on 23 counts of racketeering, fraud, and other corruption charges. (2016)[9]
  • Dennis Hastert (R-IL) Speaker of the United States House of Representatives pleaded guilty in court for illegally structuring bank transactions related to payment of $3.5 million to quash allegations of sexual misconduct with a student when he was a high school teacher and coach decades ago.[10] (2016)
  • Michael Grimm (R-NY) pleaded guilty of felony tax evasion. This was the fourth count in a 20-count indictment brought against him for improper use of campaign funds. The guilty plea had a maximum sentence of three years; he was sentenced to eight months in prison. (2015)[11][12]
  • Trey Radel (R-FL) was convicted of possession of cocaine in November 2013. As a first-time offender, he was sentenced to one year probation and fined $250. Radel announced he would take a leave of absence, but did not resign. Later, under pressure from a number of Republican leaders, he announced through a spokesperson that he would resign. (2013)[13][14][15]
  • Rick Renzi (R-AZ) was found guilty on 17 of 32 counts against him June 12, 2013, including wire fraud, conspiracy, extortion, racketeering, money laundering and making false statements to insurance regulators. (2013)[16]
  • Jesse Jackson Jr. (D-IL) pleaded guilty February 20, 2013, to one count of wire and mail fraud in connection with his misuse of $750,000 in campaign funds. Jackson was sentenced to two-and-one-half years' imprisonment. (2013)[17]
  • Laura Richardson (D-CA) was found guilty on seven counts of violating US House rules by improperly using her staff to campaign for her, destroying the evidence and tampering with witness testimony. The House Ethics Committee ordered Richardson to pay a fine of $10,000. (2012)[18][19]

Judicial branch

  • Mark E. Fuller (R) U.S. District Judge was found guilty of domestic violence and sentenced to 24 weeks of family and domestic training and forced to resign his position. (2015)[20][21][22]

2001–2009 (George W. Bush (R) presidency)

Executive branch

Legislative branch

  • William J. Jefferson (D-LA) was charged in August 2005 after the FBI seized $90,000 in cash from his home freezer. He was re-elected to the House in 2006, but lost in 2008. He was convicted November 13, 2009, of 11 counts of bribery and sentenced to 13 years in prison. (2009)[40] Jefferson's Chief of Staff Brett Pfeffer, was sentenced to 84 months for bribery. (2006)[41]
  • Jack Abramoff CNMI scandal involves the efforts of Abramoff to influence Congressional action concerning U.S. immigration and minimum wage laws. See Executive branch convictions. Congressmen convicted in the Abramoff scandal include:
  1. Bob Ney (R-OH) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and making false statements as a result of his receiving trips from Abramoff in exchange for legislative favors. Ney received 30 months in prison. (2007)[42]
  • Duke Cunningham (R-CA) pleaded guilty November 28, 2005, to charges of conspiracy to commit bribery, mail fraud, wire fraud and tax evasion in what came to be called the Cunningham scandal and was sentenced to over eight years in prison. (2005)[43]
  • Frank Ballance (D-NC) admitted to federal charges of money laundering and mail fraud in October 2005 and was sentenced to four years in prison. (2005)[44]
  • Bill Janklow (R-SD) was convicted of second-degree manslaughter for running a stop sign and killing a motorcyclist. Resigned from the House and given 100 days in the county jail and three years' probation. (2003)[45]
  • Jim Traficant (D-OH) was found guilty on ten felony counts of financial corruption, sentenced to eight years in prison and expelled from the House of Representatives. (2002)[46]

1993–2001 (Bill Clinton (D) presidency)

Executive branch

Legislative branch

  • Mel Reynolds (D-IL) was convicted on 12 counts of sexual assault, obstruction of justice and solicitation of child pornography. (1997) He was later convicted of 12 counts of bank fraud. (1999)
  • Wes Cooley (R-OR), was convicted of having lied on the 1994 voter information pamphlet about his service in the Army. He was fined and sentenced to two years' probation (1997)[53] He was later convicted of income tax fraud connected to an investment scheme. He was sentenced to one year in prison and to pay restitution of $3.5 million to investors and $138,000 to the IRS.[54]
  • Austin Murphy (D-PA) was convicted of one count of voter fraud for filling out absentee ballots for members of a nursing home. (1999)[55]
  • House banking scandal[56] The House of Representatives Bank found that 450 members had overdrawn their checking accounts, but not been penalized. Six were convicted of charges, most only tangentially related to the House Bank itself. Twenty two more of the most prolific over-drafters were singled out by the House Ethics Committee. (1992)
  1. Buz Lukens (R-OH) convicted of bribery and conspiracy.[57]
  2. Carl C. Perkins (D-KY) pleaded guilty to a check kiting scheme involving several financial institutions (including the House Bank).[58]
  3. Carroll Hubbard (D-KY) was convicted of illegally funneling money to his wife's 1992 campaign to succeed him in congress.[59]
  4. Mary Rose Oakar (D-OH) pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor campaign finance charge not related to the House Bank.[60]
  5. Walter Fauntroy (D-District of Columbia) was convicted of filing false disclosure forms to hide unauthorized income.[61]
  1. Dan Rostenkowski (D-IL) was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison, in 1995.[63]
  2. Joe Kolter (D-PA) pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy and sentenced to 6 months in prison.(1996)[64][65]

1989–1993 (George H. W. Bush (R) presidency)

Executive branch

Legislative branch

  • Nicholas Mavroules (D-Massachusetts) was convicted of extortion, accepting illegal gifts and failing to report them on congressional disclosure and income tax forms. Mavroules pleaded guilty to fifteen counts in April 1993 and was sentenced to a fifteen-month prison term. (1993)[67][68]
  • Albert Bustamante (D-Texas) was convicted of accepting bribes and sentenced to three-and-one-half years in prison. (1993)[69]
  • David Durenberger Senator (R-Minnesota) denounced by Senate for unethical financial transactions and then disbarred (1990). He pleaded guilty to misuse of public funds and given one year's probation (1995)[70]
  • Jay Kim (R-CA) accepted $250,000 in illegal 1992 campaign contributions and was sentenced to two months' house arrest. (1992)[71][72][73][74]

1981–1989 (Ronald Reagan (R) presidency)

Executive branch

  • Housing and Urban Development Scandal was a controversy concerning bribery by selected contractors for low income housing projects.[75]
  1. James G. Watt (R) United States Secretary of the Interior, was charged with 25 counts of perjury and obstruction of justice. Sentenced to five years' probation, fined $5,000 and 500 hours of community service. (1995)[76]
  1. Melvyn Paisley, Assistant Secretary of the Navy,[79] was found to have accepted hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes. He pleaded guilty to bribery and served four years in prison.[80][81][82]
  2. James E. Gaines, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy, took over when Paisley resigned his office.[83] Gaines was convicted of accepting an illegal gratuity and theft and conversion of government property. He was sentenced to six months in prison.[84]
  3. Victor D. Cohen, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, was the 50th conviction obtained under the Ill Wind probe when he pleaded guilty to accepting bribes and conspiring to defraud the government. He was sentenced to 33 months in prison.[85][86]
  • Iran–Contra affair (1985–1986); A secret sale of arms to Iran, to secure the release of hostages and allow U.S. intelligence agencies to fund the Nicaraguan Contras, in violation of the Boland Amendment.[87]
  1. Elliott Abrams (R) Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, convicted of withholding evidence. Given 2 years' probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush.[88]

Legislative branch

  • Abscam FBI sting involving fake 'Arabs' trying to bribe 31 congressmen. (1980)[89] The following Congressmen were convicted:
  1. Harrison A. Williams Senator (D-NJ) Convicted on 9 counts of bribery and conspiracy. Sentenced to 3 years in prison.[90]
  2. John Jenrette (D-SC) sentenced to two years in prison for bribery and conspiracy.[91]
  3. Richard Kelly (R-FL) Accepted $25K and then claimed he was conducting his own investigation into corruption. Served 13 months.[92]
  4. Raymond Lederer (D-PA) "I can give you me" he said after accepting $50K. Sentenced to 3 years.[93]
  5. Michael Myers (D-PA) Accepted $50K saying, "...money talks and bullshit walks." Sentenced to 3 years and was expelled from the House.[94]
  6. Frank Thompson (D-NJ) Sentenced to 3 years.[95]
  7. John M. Murphy (D-NY) Served 20 months of a 3-year sentence.[96]
  • Wedtech scandal Wedtech Corporation was convicted of bribery in connection with Defense Department contracts.[97]
  1. Mario Biaggi (D-NY) Convicted of obstruction of justice and accepting illegal gratuities he was sentenced to 2½ years in prison and fined $500K. (1987)[98]
  2. Robert Garcia (D-NY) sentenced to 2½ years.[99]
  • Pat Swindall (R-GA) convicted of 6 counts of perjury. (1989)[100][101]
  • George V. Hansen (R-ID) censured for failing to fill out disclosure forms. Spent 15 months in prison. (1984)[102]
  • Frederick W. Richmond (D-NY), Convicted of tax evasion and possession of marijuana. Served 9 months (1982)[103]
  • Dan Flood (D-PA) censured for bribery. After a trial ended in a deadlocked jury, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to a year's probation. (1981)[104][105]
  • Joshua Eilberg (D-PA) pleaded guilty to conflict-of-interest charges. (1981)[106]
  • Jon Hinson (R-MS) was arrested for having homosexual oral sex in the House of Representatives' bathroom with a government staffer. Hinson, who was married, later received a 30-day jail sentence, and a year's probation, on condition that he get counseling and treatment. (1981)[107][108]

1977–1981 (Jimmy Carter (D) presidency)

Legislative branch

  • Frank M. Clark (D-Pennsylvania) pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion and was sentenced to two years in prison. (1979)[109]
  • J. Herbert Burke (R-FL) pleaded guilty to disorderly intoxication, resisting arrest, and nolo contendere to an additional charge of witness tampering. He was sentenced to three months plus fines.(1978)[110]
  • Fred Richmond (D-New York) – Convicted of tax fraud and possession of marijuana. Served 9 months in prison. Charges of soliciting sex from a 16-year-old boy were dropped after he submitted to counseling. (1978)[111]
  • Charles Diggs (D-Michigan), convicted on 29 charges of mail fraud and filing false payroll forms which formed a kickback scheme with his staff. Sentenced to 3 years. (1978)[112]
  • Richard Tonry (D-Louisiana) pleaded guilty to receiving illegal campaign contributions. (1977)[113]
  • Andrew J. Hinshaw (R-CA) US Representative was convicted of accepting bribes. He served one year in prison. (1977)[114][115]

1974–1977 (Gerald R. Ford (R) presidency)

Executive branch

  • Earl Butz (R) United States Secretary of Agriculture. He was charged with failing to report more than $148,000 in 1978. Butz pleaded guilty to the tax evasion charge and was sentenced to 30 days in jail and five years of probation and was ordered to make restitution. He served 25 days behind bars before his release.[116][117]

Legislative branch

  • James F. Hastings (R-New York), convicted of kickbacks and mail fraud, he also took money from his employees for personal use. Served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary. (1976)[118]
  • Bertram Podell (D-New York), pleaded guilty to conspiracy and conflict of interest. He was fined $5,000 and served four months in prison. (1974)[119]
  • Frank Brasco (D-New York) sentenced to 5 years in jail and fined $10,000 for conspiracy to accept bribes from a reputed Mafia figure who sought truck leasing contracts from the Post Office and loans to buy trucks. (1974)[106]
  • Richard T. Hanna (D-CA), convicted in an influence-buying scandal. (1974)[120]
  • John V. Dowdy (D-Texas), convicted of perjury and served 6 months in prison. (1973)[121][122]

1969–1974 (Richard M. Nixon (R) presidency)

Executive branch

  • Maurice Stans (R) United States Secretary of Commerce, pleaded guilty to three counts of violating the reporting sections of the Federal Election Campaign Act and two counts of accepting illegal campaign contributions and was fined $5,000.(1975)[123]
  • Spiro Agnew (R) Vice President of the United States, convicted of income-tax evasion. (1973)[124]
  • Watergate (1972–1973) Republican 'bugging' of the Democratic Party National Headquarters at the Watergate Hotel led to a burglary which was discovered. The cover up of the affair by President Richard Nixon (R) and his staff resulted in 69 government officials being charged and 48 pleading guilty, including 7 for actual burglary. Eventually, Nixon resigned his position.[125]
  1. John N. Mitchell (R) former United States Attorney General, convicted of perjury.[126]
  2. Richard Kleindienst (R) United States Attorney General, convicted of obstruction, given one month in jail.
  3. H. R. Haldeman (R) White House Chief of Staff, convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury. Served 18 months in prison.
  4. John Ehrlichman (R) former White House Counsel, convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury. Served 18 months in prison.
  5. Egil Krogh (R) United States Undersecretary of Transportation, sentenced to six months.
  6. John Dean (R) White House Counsel, convicted of obstruction of justice, later reduced to felony offenses and served 4 months.
  7. Dwight Chapin (R) Secretary to the President of the United States, convicted of perjury.
  8. Charles Colson (R) Special Counsel to the President for Public Liaison, convicted of obstruction of justice. Served 7 months.

Legislative branch

  • James Fred Hastings (R-NY) convicted of receiving kickbacks and mail fraud. He served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary (1976).[118]
  • Edwin Reinecke (R-CA) convicted of perjury and sentenced to 18 months in prison as part of the Watergate investigation. (1973)
  • J. Irving Whalley (R-Pennsylvania) received suspended three-year sentence and fined $11,000 in 1973 for using mails to deposit staff salary kickbacks and threatening an employee to prevent her from giving information to the FBI. (1973)[106]
  • Martin B. McKneally (R-New York) placed on one year's probation and fined $5,000 for failing to file income tax return. He had not paid taxes for many years prior. (1971)[127]
  • Cornelius Gallagher (D-New Jersey) pleaded guilty to tax evasion, and served two years in prison.(1972)[128]
  • Ted Kennedy Senator (D-Massachusetts) drove his car into the channel between Chappaquiddick Island and Martha's Vineyard, killing passenger Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident and received a suspended sentence of two months (1969)[129]

1963–1969 (Lyndon B. Johnson (D) presidency)

Legislative branch

  • Daniel Brewster (D-MD) pleaded no contest to accepting "an unlawful gratuity without corrupt intent." (1969)[130]
  • Frank W. Boykin (D-AL) was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest. (1963)[131]

1961–1963 (John F. Kennedy (D) presidency)

Legislative branch

  • Thomas F. Johnson (D-MD) was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest regarding the receipt of illegal gratuities. (1962)[132]

1953–1961 (Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) presidency)

Legislative branch

  • Thomas J. Lane (D-Massachusetts) convicted for evading taxes on his congressional income. Served 4 months in prison, but was re-elected three more times[133] (1956).[134]
  • Ernest K. Bramblett (R-California) received a suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine for making false statements in connection with payroll padding and kickbacks from congressional employees. (1954)[135]

1945–1953 (Harry S. Truman (D) presidency)

Legislative branch

  • Walter E. Brehm (R-OH) convicted of accepting contributions illegally from one of his employees. Received a 15-month suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine. (1951)[136]
  • J. Parnell Thomas (R-NJ) was convicted of salary fraud and given an 18-month sentence and a fine. He was imprisoned in Danbury Prison. After serving his 18 months he was pardoned by Truman. (1950)[137]
  • Andrew J. May (D-KY) convicted of accepting bribes from a war munitions manufacturer. Was sentenced to 9 months in prison, after which he was pardoned by Truman. (1947)[138]
  • James M. Curley (D-MA) fined $1,000 and served six months for fraud before Harry S. Truman commuted the rest of his sentence. (1947)[139]

1933–1945 (Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) presidency)

Legislative branch

  • John H. Hoeppel (D-CA) convicted of selling an appointment to the West Point Military Academy. He was fined $1,000 and sentenced to 4–12 months in jail. (1936)[140]
  • Michael J. Hogan (R-NY) was convicted of bribery and sentenced to a year and a day in a Federal Penitentiary.(1935)[141]

1929-1933 (Herbert Hoover (R) presidency)

Legislative Branch

  • Harry E. Rowbottom (R-IN) was convicted in Federal court of accepting bribes from persons who sought post office appointments. He served one year in Leavenworth. (1931)[142]

1923–1929 (Calvin Coolidge (R) presidency)

Legislative branch

  • John W. Langley (R-KY) convicted of violating the Volstead Act (Prohibition). He had also been caught trying to bribe a Prohibition officer. He was sentenced to two years, after which his wife Katherine G. Langley ran for Congress in his place and won two full terms. (1926)[143][144]

1921–1923 (Warren G. Harding (R) presidency)

Executive branch

The Harding administration was marred by scandals stemming from his appointment of men in his administration whom he had known in Ohio. They came to be known as the Ohio Gang. They include;

  1. Albert Fall (R) Secretary of the Interior who was bribed by Harry F. Sinclair for control of the Teapot Dome federal oil reserves in Wyoming. He was the first U.S. cabinet member to ever be convicted; he served two years in prison. (1922)[145]

1913-1921 (Woodrow Wilson (D) presidency)

<no entries yet>

1909–1913 (William Howard Taft (R) presidency)

Legislative Branch

  • William Lorimer Senator (R-IL), The 'blond boss of Chicago' was found guilty of accepting bribes in 1912.[146]

Judicial Branch

1901-1909 (Theodore Roosevelt (R) presidency)

Legislative Branch

1897-1901 (McKinley (R) presidency)

<no entries yet>

1777–1897

Judges

See also

Federal politicians:

State and local politics:

Notes

  1. ↑ "Ex-Trump adviser Flynn admits lying to FBI". Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  2. ↑ Steve Coll, The General's Dilemma: David Petraeus, the pressures of politics, and the road out of Iraq The New Yorker September 8, 2008
  3. ↑ Schmidt, Michael S.; Apuzzo, Matt (23 April 2015). "David Petraeus Is Sentenced to Probation in Leak Investigation". Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
  4. ↑ "Former Rep. Steve Stockman Found Guilty of 23 Felonies". The Daily Beast. 12 April 2018.
  5. ↑ Katz, Celeste (June 20, 2011). "Document Drop: Weiner's Resignation Letter". New York Daily News. Dear Secretary Perales and Governor Cuomo: I hereby resign as the Member of the House of Representatives for New York's Ninth Congressional District effective at midnight, Tuesday, June 21, 2011. It has been an honor to serve the people of Queens and Brooklyn. (scan of letter of resignation at this link)
  6. ↑ "Anthony Weiner will register as a sex offender after pleading guilty to sexting with a 15-year-old". Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  7. ↑ Stevens, Matt (11 May 2017). "Ex-Florida Congresswoman Convicted of Taking Money Meant for Charity". Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
  8. ↑ Wootson Jr., Cleve (4 December 2017). "Former congresswoman Corrine Brown sentenced to five years in prison in charity slush-fund case". Retrieved 8 May 2018 – via WashingtonPost.com.
  9. ↑ "US congressman Chaka Fattah convicted on corruption charges". 21 June 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  10. ↑ "The top political sex scandals of 2015". Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  11. ↑ Christina Wilkie (24 December 2014). "Rep. Michael Grimm Pleads Guilty To Felony Tax Fraud". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  12. ↑ "Ex-Rep. Grimm sentenced to 8 months in prison in tax evasion case". Fox News. 17 July 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  13. ↑ Debenedetti, Gabriel (November 20, 2013). "Florida Congressman Radel gets probation on cocaine charge". Yahoo! News. Reuters. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  14. ↑ Mike Levine; Maryalice Parks (November 21, 2013). "Florida Rep. Trey Radel to Take Leave of Absence After Cocaine Charge". Good Morning America.
  15. ↑ King, Ledyard (January 28, 2014). "Rep. Trey Radel to resign from Congress". USA Today. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  16. ↑ "Rick Renzi, Former Congressman, Convicted On 17 Of 32 Counts In Corruption Case". The Huffington Post. Associated Press. June 11, 2013. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  17. ↑ Schmidt, Michael S. (February 20, 2013). "Jesse Jackson Jr. Pleads Guilty: 'I Lived Off My Campaign'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  18. ↑ Yager, Jordy. "Ethics Committee finds Rep. Laura Richardson guilty on seven counts". THe Hill. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  19. ↑ Pershing, Ben (August 1, 2012). "Ethics panel says Rep. Laura Richardson broke federal law, obstructed probe". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  20. ↑ http://www.salon.com, MONDAY, JUN 1, 2015, America's most heinous judge resigns: Wife-beater Mark Fuller leaves the bench, finally, but not easily by BRAD FRIEDMAN
  21. ↑ http://www.latimes.com, march 15, 2015 U.S. Judge Mark Fuller of Alabama may face ouster after domestic abuse claim By TIMOTHY M. PHELPS,
  22. ↑ http://www.al.com/news | Federal judge Mark Fuller accepts plea deal in domestic violence case; could have arrest record expunged | Kent Faulk | kfaulk@al.com By Kent Faulk | updated September 05, 2014 |
  23. ↑ "U.S. Former Deputy White House Counsel's Ex-Wife Recalls Flashlight Attack That Nearly Killed Her". 2015-02-05.
  24. ↑ Elliott, Justin (April 27, 2010). "Ex-Bush Official Pleads Guilty To Contempt In Geeks On Call Case". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  25. ↑ Hsu, Spencer. Bush whistle-blower protector faces jail. Washington Post, 2010-02-03.
  26. ↑ Marimow, Ann E. "Former federal official sentenced to probation with a day in jail," The Washington Post, 24 June 2013, accessed 10 November 2013.
  27. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?destination=%2fwp-dyn%2fcontent%2farticle%2f2009%2f03%2f18%2fAR2009031800661.html%3f&utm_term=.0d51a2646d44
  28. ↑ https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2017/1/11/1619079/-Comparing-Presidential-Administrations-by-Arrests-and-Convictions-A-Warning-for-Trump-Appointees
  29. ↑ "Personnel Announcement". georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  30. ↑ Smith, R. Jeffrey; Schmidt, Susan (20 September 2005). "Bush Official Arrested in Corruption Probe". Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via washingtonpost.com.
  31. ↑ "#08-1138: Former GSA Chief of Staff David Safavian Convicted of Obstruction, Making False Statements (2008-12-19)". Justice.gov. 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  32. ↑ Birnbaum, Jeffrey H. (June 21, 2006). "Ex-Aide To Bush Found Guilty". The Washington Post.
  33. ↑ "Safavian sentenced to 18 months in jail - politics | NBC News". MSNBC. 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  34. ↑ "David Safavian". www.nndb.com. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  35. ↑ Michael J. Sniffen and Matt Apuzzo (Associated Press),"Libby Found Guilty in CIA Leak Trial: Ex-Cheney Aide Libby Found Guilty of Obstruction, Perjury, Lying to the FBI in CIA Leak Case", ABC News, March 6, 2007
  36. ↑
  37. ↑ "Ex-FDA Chief Gets Probation, Fine for Lying About Stocks". The Associated Press. February 28, 2007.
  38. ↑ "Former Top Bush Aide Accused of Md. Thefts". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  39. ↑ https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2017/1/11/1619079/-Comparing-Presidential-Administrations-by-Arrests-and-Convictions-A-Warning-for-Trump-Appointees
  40. ↑ Cook, Dave (November 13, 2009). "Former Representative William Jefferson Sentenced to 13 years in Prison". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  41. ↑ Radelat, Ana (January 11, 2006). "Former congressional aide pleads guilty to bribery". USA Today. Gannett News Service. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  42. ↑ Schmidt, Susan; Grimaldi, James V. (January 20, 2007). "Ney Sentenced to 30 Months In Prison for Abramoff Deals". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  43. ↑ Babcock, Charles R.; Weisman, Jonathan (November 29, 2005). "Congressman Admits Taking Bribes, Resigns". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  44. ↑ "Ballance completes federal sentence". WRAL-TV News. June 22, 2009. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  45. ↑ "Janklow sentenced to 100 days in jail". USA Today. Associated Press. January 21, 2004. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  46. ↑ Gillispie, Mark (September 27, 2014). "Convicted ex-congressman James Traficant dies at 73". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  47. ↑ Susan Schmidt (December 15, 2007). "Republican With Links to Abramoff Is Sentenced". Washington Post.
  48. ↑ Former Navy official receives 37 months in prison in child porn case; Los Angeles Times; May 4, 2009
  49. ↑ Navy Hero from Vietnam Stripped of Medal; San Diego Union-Tribune; July 28, 2011
  50. ↑ "The Rise And Fall of A Maverick". Government Executive. 1 February 2004. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  51. ↑ "Ex-Official Goes to Prison". 5 January 2005. Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
  52. ↑ "Cashing In For Profit?". Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  53. ↑ Broderick, Chris (January 29, 2009). "Wes Cooley indicted on federal fraud charges". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  54. ↑ "Wes Cooley, former Oregon congressman, sentenced to federal prison for tax fraud". The Oregonian. Associated Press. December 11, 2012. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  55. ↑ Heltzel, Bill (May 25, 1999). "Election fraud indictment credited to minor official". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  56. ↑ Krause, Clifford (April 16, 1992). "House bank scandal backfires on GOP". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  57. ↑ "Lukens Convicted of Taking Bribes". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. March 16, 1996. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  58. ↑ "Former Congressman Perkins is Charged, Agrees to Plead Guilty" (Press release). Department of Justice. December 13, 1994. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  59. ↑ "Ex-Lawmaker, Wife Admit Misusing Funds". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. April 6, 1994. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  60. ↑ "Ex-Rep. Oakar Will Admit Breaking Law". Los Angeles Times. September 30, 1997. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  61. ↑ "Former Delegate Fauntroy is Charged, Agrees to Plead Guilty" (Press release). Department of Justice. March 22, 1995. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  62. ↑ Labaton, Stephen (July 20, 1993). "House Aide Links a Top Lawmaker to Embezzlement". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  63. ↑ Jackson, Robert L. (April 10, 1996). "Rostenkowski Pleads Guilty, Gets Prison". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  64. ↑ "Ex-house Member Gets 6 Months In Stamp Scandal". Orlando Sentinel. August 1, 1996. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  65. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com, August 1, 1996, "Ex-congressman Gets 6 Months in Prison"
  66. ↑ "Former United States Treasurer Gets Prison Term for Tax Fraud". The New York Times. September 14, 1994. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  67. ↑ Abel, David (December 26, 2003). "Nicholas Movroules, at 74: served 7 terms in US House". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  68. ↑ Laidler, John (May 4, 2006). "Peabody set to honor Mavroules, Scandal tainted years of service". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  69. ↑ "Ex-Rep. Bustamante Sentenced to 3 1/2 Years for Racketeering". Los Angeles Times. Reuters. October 2, 1993. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
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