Khusro Khan

Khusro Khan
Sultan of Delhi
Reign 1320 CE
Predecessor Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah
Successor Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
Died October 1320
Delhi, now India
Spouse Deval Devi[1]
House Delhi Sultanate
Religion Hinduism (reconverted from Islam) [2]

Khusro Khan (also spelled Khusrau Khan or Khusru or Khusraw Khan) was a medieval Indian military leader, and ruler of Delhi as Sultan Nasiruddin Khusrau Shah for a short period of time.

Origin

Hasan, later Khusrau Khan, and his uterine brother Husamuddin (or Hisamuddin) were born into a Hindu military caste called Baradu, according to Amir Khusrau's Tughluq Nama. They were captured by Ayn al-Mulk Multani in 1305, during the conquest of Malwa.

After being taken to Delhi as slaves, they were brought up by Malik Shadi, the naib-i khas-i hajib (deputy royal chamberlain) to Alauddin Khalji (sultan 1296–1316). Both brothers apparently assumed the role of passive homosexual concubines, to maintain their status and position.[3] Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (sultan 1316–20) reportedly had sex with both brothers. He apparently preferred Hasan as a partner, but turned to Husamuddin whenever Hasan was not available. Their relationship was not a secret, and Mubarak and Hasan used to exchange hugs and kisses in public. Mubarak gave Hasan the title Khusrau Khan, several iqtas, command of the army of the deceased Malik Kafur, and made him a wizarat (minister of state).[3]

Early career

The conquest of the Deccan by the Delhi Sultanate began in 1296 when Alauddin Khalji raided and plunder Devagiri.[4] Later in that year, Alauddin subsequently murdered his uncle, the reigning sultan, Jalaluddin, and took his place as head of the sultanate.[5] Among Alauddin's subsequent actions, in 1309 he forced the Kakatiya dynasty of Telangana and Coastal Andhra to become subordinate to him.[6]

In 1318, Prataparudra II, the Kakatiya ruler, defied his masters in Delhi by refusing to send the annual tribute expected of him. Alauddin's son Mubarak Shah responded by sending Khusrau Khan, one of his generals, to the Kakatiya capital at what is now Warangal. Khan's force bristled with technology previously unknown in the area, including trebuchet-like machines, and Prataparudra had to submit once more to the sultanate. The amount of his annual tribute was changed, becoming 100 elephants and 13,000 horses.[7]

Brief rule

Billon 2 gani of Nasir Ud Din Khusro Shah

After Alauddin's death in 1316, Khusrau Khan managed to kill Alauddin's son and successor as sultan, Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah, ending the Khalji dynasty in 1320. Khusro then assumed the throne. He married Deval Devi.[8] He reconverted back to Hinduism.[9] Khusro in turn was captured by the governor of Dipalpur, Ghazi Malik, after being defeated in the battle of Hauz e Alaai (Hauz Khas) and beheaded in Sept. 1320.[10]

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Maurya, Sudheer. Deval Devi : eak etihasik Upnyas (in Hindi). ISBN 9788190786645.
  2. ↑ Lieberman, Benjamin (2013-03-22). Remaking Identities: God, Nation, and Race in World History. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442213951.
  3. 1 2 Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992, p. 431.
  4. ↑ Asher & Talbot (2006), p. 35
  5. ↑ Jackson (2003), p. 56
  6. ↑ Eaton (2005), pp. 17–18
  7. ↑ Eaton (2005), pp. 18–19
  8. ↑ Maurya, Sudheer. Deval Devi : eak etihasik Upnyas (in Hindi). ISBN 9788190786645.
  9. ↑ Lieberman, Benjamin (2013-03-22). Remaking Identities: God, Nation, and Race in World History. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442213951.
  10. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 88–89. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.

Bibliography

  • Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia, eds. (2006), "The expansion of Turkic power, 1180–1350", India before Europe, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-52180-904-7
  • Jackson, Peter (2003), The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History (Reprinted ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-52154-329-3
  • Eaton, Richard M. (2005), A Social History of the Deccan: 1300–1761, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-52125-484-7
Preceded by
Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah,
Khalji dynasty		 Sultan of Delhi Succeeded by
Ghiyas ud-Din Tughluq,
Tughluq dynasty
Khusrau Khan (1320)
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