Khanate
A Khanate or Khaganate is a political entity ruled by a Khan or Khagan. This political entity is typical for people from the Eurasian Steppe and it can be equivalent to tribal chiefdom, principality, kingdom or empire.
Mongol khanates (or khaganates)
After Genghis Khan established appanages for his family in the Mongol Empire during his rule (1206-1227),[1] his sons, daughters,[2] and grandsons inherited separate sections of the empire. The Mongol Empire and Mongolian khanates emerging from those appanages[3] are listed below. Furthermore, the proto-Mongols also established some khanates (or khaganates) such as the Rouran Khaganate.
- Khamag Mongol Khanate
- Keraite Khanate
- Mergid Khanate
- Naiman Khanate
- Tatar Khanate
- Qara Khitai
- Mongol Empire
- Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
- Moghulistan
- Kara Del Khanate
The Oirats established the following khanates in the 17th century:
- Khoshut Khanate
- Kalmyk Khanate, established c.1630 by the Torghut branch of the Mongolian Oirats, settled along the lower Volga River (in modern Russia and Kazakhstan), 1630-1771
- Dzungar Khanate, formed in 1634, covering Xinjiang region of China, Kyrgyzstan, eastern Kazakhstan and western Mongolia; 2 December 1717 - 1720 also styled Protector of Tibet; 1755 tributary to the Manchu Qing dynasty, 1756 annexed and dissolved in 1758.
Turkic khanates
- Western Turkic Khaganate
- Eastern Turkic Khaganate
- Uyghur Khaganate
- Kyrgyz Khaganate
- Kara-Khanid Khanate
- Khazar Khaganate
- Turgesh Khaganate
- Cumania
- Pechenegs
Central Asian Turkic khanates
- Senior Juz
- Middle Juz
- Junior Juz
- Sibirean Khanate (giving its name to Siberia as the first significant conquest during Russia's great eastern expansion across the Ural range)
- Astrakhan Khanate
- the Qasim Khanate (hence modern Kasimov), named after its founder, a vassal of Moscovia/Russia
- the nomadic state founded in 1801 as the Inner Horde (also called Buqei Horde, under Russian suzerainty) between Volga and Yaik (Ural) rivers by 5,000 families of Kazakhs from Younger Kazakh Zhuz tribe under a Sultan was restyled by the same in 1812 as Khanate of the Inner Horde; in 1845 the post of Khan was abolished)
- the khanate of Tuva near Outer Mongolia.
- Besh Tau El
- Khanate of Kashgaria founded in 1514 as part of Djagataide Khanate; 17th century divided into several minor khanates without importance, real power going to the so-called Khwaja, Arabic Islamic religious leaders; became the Yarkent Khanate which was annexed by the Dzungar Khanate in the Dzungar conquest of Altishahr in 1680.
- Kumul Khanate- vassal state to Qing dynasty and Republic of China, abolished in 1930.
- Kimek Khanate
- Xueyantuo
- Karluk Khanate
- White Horde
- Oghuz Yabgu State
- West Turkic Khaganate
18th- to early-19th-century Khanates of the Caucasus in the Qajar Empire
- Ardabil Khanate
- Baku Khanate
- Derbent Khanate
- Erivan Khanate
- Ganja Khanate
- Javad Khanate
- Karabakh Khanate
- Karadagh khanate
- Khalkhal Khanate
- Khoy Khanate
- Lankaran Khanate
- Maku Khanate
- Maragheh Khanate
- Marand Khanate
- Nakhchivan Khanate
- Quba Khanate
- Sarab Khanate
- Shaki Khanate
- Shirvan Khanate
- Tabriz Khanate
- Urmia Khanate
- Zanjan Khanate
Other khanates
See also
- Rus Khaganate (not an actual Khanate but so named retroactively)
- Afsharid Dynasty
- Beg Khan
- Horde (term)
- Safavid Dynasty
- Timurid Dynasty
References
- ↑ Peter Jackson 2000, p. 12
- ↑ Jack Weatherford - The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire, Crown Publishing Group, 2011
- ↑ Thomas T. Allsen, "Sharing Out the Empire: Apportioned Lands under the Mongols", in Nomads in the Sedentary World, ed. Anatoly M. Khuzanov and André Wink (Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001): 172–190
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