Kōtoku-in

Kōtoku-in
高徳院
Daibutsu at Kōtoku-in
Basic information
Location 4 Chome-2-28 Hase, Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture 248-0016
Affiliation Jōdo-shū
Country Japan
Website kotoku-in.jp/en
Completed 1252 (Daibutsu)
Amida Buddha, Kōtoku-in

Taiizan Kotokuin Shojosenji (大異山高徳院清浄泉寺), or Kōtoku-in (高徳院) is a Jōdo-shū Buddhist temple in the city of Kamakura in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

The temple is renowned for its "Great Buddha" (大仏, Daibutsu), a monumental outdoor bronze statue of Amida Buddha, which is one of the most famous icons of Japan. It is also a designated National Treasure, and one of the twenty-two historic sites included in Kamakura's proposal for inclusion in UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

Daibutsu (Great Buddha)

One of the earliest photographs of the Great Buddha, by Felice Beato (1867)

The Great Buddha of Kamakura is a monumental outdoor bronze statue of Amitābha Buddha at the Kōtoku-in Temple in Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The bronze statue probably dates from 1252, in the Kamakura period, according to temple records. It was preceded by a giant wooden Buddha, which was completed in 1243 after ten years of continuous labor, the funds having been raised by Lady Inada (Inada-no-Tsubone) and the Buddhist priest Jōkō of Tōtōmi. That wooden statue was damaged by a storm in 1248, and the hall containing it was destroyed, so Jōkō suggested making another statue of bronze, and the huge amount of money necessary for this and for a new hall was raised for the project.[1] The bronze image was probably cast by Ōno Gorōemon[2] or Tanji Hisatomo,[3] both leading casters of the time.[4] At one time, the statue was gilded. There are still traces of gold leaf near the statue's ears.[5]

The hall was destroyed by a storm in 1334, was rebuilt, was damaged by yet another storm in 1369, and was rebuilt yet again.[1] The last building housing the statue was washed away in the tsunami resulting from the 1498 Meiō Nankaidō earthquake, during the Muromachi period.[6] Since then, the Great Buddha has stood in the open air.[6]

The statue is approximately 13.35 metres (43.8 ft) tall including the base[7] and weighs approximately 93 tonnes (103 tons). The statue is hollow, and visitors can view the interior. Many visitors have left graffiti on the inside of the statue.[8] At one time, there were thirty-two bronze lotus petals at the base of the statue, but only four remain, and they are no longer in place.[9] A notice at the entrance to the grounds reads, "Stranger, whosoever thou art and whatsoever be thy creed, when thou enterest this sanctuary remember thou treadest upon ground hallowed by the worship of ages. This is the Temple of Buddha and the gate of the eternal, and should therefore be entered with reverence."[10]

The 1923 Great Kanto earthquake destroyed the base the statue sits upon, but the base was repaired in 1925.[1] Repairs to the statue were carried out in 1960–61, when the neck was strengthened and measures were taken to protect it from earthquakes.[1]

In early 2016, further research, restoration, and preservation work was performed on the statue.[11]

Close-up of Kamakura Daibutsu

Details

  • Weight: 121 tonnes (267,000 pounds)[12]
  • Height: 13.35 metres (43.8 ft)
  • Length of Face: 2.35 metres (7 ft 9 in)
  • Length of Eye: 1.0 metre (3 ft 3 in)
  • Length of Mouth: 0.82 metres (2 ft 8 in)
  • Length of Ear: 1.90 metres (6 ft 3 in)
  • Length from knee to knee: 9.10 metres (29.9 ft)
  • Circumference of thumb: 0.85 metres (2 ft 9 in)

Poem by Rudyard Kipling

The statue is referred to as the ″Buddha at Kamakura″ in several verses that preface the initial chapters of the novel Kim by Rudyard Kipling (1901). The verses were taken from the poem of the same name the author wrote after visiting Kamakura in 1892.[13] The poem appears in its entirety in Kipling′s poetry collection The Five Nations of 1903.[13]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Takao Sato (ed.). Daibutsu: The Great Buddha of Kamakura. Hobundo. p. 7.
  2. ↑ Frédéric, Louis. Japan Encyclopedia Harvard University Press (2005). p.755
  3. ↑ Kate Tsubata (25 May 2008). "The Great Buddha at Kamakura". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  4. ↑ The New Official Guide, Japan Japan Travel Bureau (1975) p.404
  5. ↑ "Kotoku-in (The Great Buddha)". Kamakura Today. 2002. Accessed 20 September 2011.
  6. 1 2 Tsuji, Yoshinobu (1983). "Study on the Earthquake and the Tsunami of 20 September 1498". In Iida, Kumiji; Iwasaki, Toshio. Tsunamis: Their Science and Engineering, Proceedings of the International Tsunami Symposium, 1981. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishing (Terrapub). pp. 185–204. ISBN 90-277-1611-0.
  7. ↑ "An Overview of the Great Buddha" Kotoku-in Official Website. Accessed 20 September 2011.
  8. ↑ Takao Sato (ed.). Daibutsu: The Great Buddha of Kamakura. Hobundo. p. 14.
  9. ↑ Takao Sato (ed.). Daibutsu: The Great Buddha of Kamakura. Hobundo. p. 16.
  10. ↑ Takao Sato (ed.). Daibutsu: The Great Buddha of Kamakura. Hobundo. p. 18.
  11. ↑ Waku Miller (11 March 2016). "A Clean Bill of Health for Kamakura's Great Buddha". Nippon.com. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  12. ↑ Information about Daibutsu onsite Archived 30 June 2012 at Archive.is
  13. 1 2 Rudyard Kipling, "The Buddha at Kamakura". Retrieved 20 September 2011.

Coordinates: 35°19′01″N 139°32′09″E / 35.31684°N 139.53573°E / 35.31684; 139.53573

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