José de Espronceda

José de Espronceda
Born José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado
(1808-03-25)25 March 1808
Almendralejo, Province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
Died 23 May 1842(1842-05-23) (aged 34)
Madrid, Spain
Resting place Cementerio de San Justo
Nationality Spanish
Occupation Poet, writer and journalist
Movement Romanticism
Children Blanca Espronceda de Escosura (1834 - 1900)
Parent(s)
  • Camilo de Espronceda (father)

José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado (25 March 1808 – 23 May 1842) was a Romantic Spanish poet, one of the most representative authors of the 19th century.[2] He was influenced by Eugenio de Ochoa, Federico Madrazo, Alfred Tennyson, Richard Chenevix Trench and Diego de Alvear.[3]

Life

House where Espronceda was born

Espronceda was born in Almendralejo, at the Province of Badajoz.[4] As a youth, he studied at the Colegio San Mateo at Madrid, having Alberto Lista as a teacher. When he was 15 years old, he formed a secret society named "Los Numantinos" alongside his friends Ventura de la Vega and Patricio de la Escosura, conspiring against Ferdinand VII and intending to avenge the death of Rafael del Riego. For this, he was imprisoned in a monastery and exiled.[5] Afterward, he left Spain and lived in Lisbon, Belgium, France, England and Holland. On his return to Spain in 1833, he became active in the extreme left-wing of Spanish political culture. Espronceda is also known for his affair with Teresa Mancha, for whom he wrote "Canto a Teresa" (from El diablo mundo). He died of diphtheria in 1842.

In 1902, his body was moved to Panteón de Hombres Ilustres, Spain.[6]

Literary production

Having been inspired to a literary career by his teacher Alberto Lista, Espronceda began to write the historical poem El Pelayo during his stay in the monastery. The poem was never completed. Later he wrote the novel Sancho Saldaña. His other important works include El estudiante de Salamanca, whose main character is Don Félix de Montemar, El mendigo, ¡Guerra!, Al dos de mayo and El diablo mundo,[2] long lyric poems, the latter remained unfinished. Also important were A Jarifa en una orgía, El verdugo,[2] El canto del cosaco, La canción del pirata[2] and Himno al sol. Many of his works display the tendencies of Romanticism, and along with José Zorrilla he is considered Spain's most important Romantic poet, as well as the most rebellious.

References

  1. ↑ "El escritor José de Espronceda". Museo del Prado (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Espín Templado, María del Pilar. "Presentación". Cervantes Virtual (in Spanish). Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  3. ↑ Espín Templado, María del Pilar. "Amistades de José de Espronceda". Cervantes Virtual (in Spanish). Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  4. ↑ Cortón, Antonio (1906). Espronceda (PDF). Madrid: Casa Editorial Velásquez. p. 8.
  5. ↑ Schmidt, Jr., Frederick W. (2002). Littel, McDougal, ed. Abriendo puertas: Antologia de literatura en espanol. 1. Houghton Mifflin School. ISBN 9780618272600.
  6. ↑ Espín Templado, María del Pilar. "Biografía de José de Espronceda". Cervantes Virtual (in Spanish). Retrieved December 16, 2017.

Bibliography

  • Marrast, Robert (1974). José de Espronceda et son temps. Littérature, societé, politique au temps du romantisme. Paris: Editions Klincksieck.
  • "De Gibraltar a Lisboa, viaje histórico". El Pensamiento. Biblioteca de Autores Españoles. LXXII (8): 174–177. August 31, 1841.
  • "Un recuerdo". El Pensamiento. Biblioteca de Autores Españoles. LXXII (3): 60–64. June 15, 1841.
  • "Política general". El Pensamiento. Biblioteca de Autores Españoles. LXXII (1): 12–15. May 15, 1841.
  • de la Escosura, Patricio (1879). Discurso...Madrid. p. 79.
  • Casalduero, Joaquín (1967). Espronceda (2nd ed.). Madrid.
  • Zorrilla, José (1882–1883). Recuerdos del tiempo viejo. I. Madrid. pp. 46–50.
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