John Hagee

John Hagee
Clean-shaven man in his 60s, with gray hair, wearing glasses, dressed in a dark suit and blue tie, speaking from behind a dark, varnished wooden lectern, with his right arm outstretched. The front of the lectern is emblazoned with the Great Seal of the United States.
Hagee in Washington, D.C., July 2007
Born John Charles Hagee
(1940-04-12) April 12, 1940
Goose Creek, Texas, U.S.
Education Bachelor of Science, History and Education; Master of Education Administration
Alma mater Trinity University
University of North Texas
Occupation Pastor, author
Organization John Hagee Ministries
Title CEO
Spouse(s) Martha Downing (1960–1975)
Diana Castro (1976–present)
Children 5
Website www.jhm.org
Cornerstone Church

John Charles Hagee (born April 12, 1940) is the founder and senior pastor of Cornerstone Church, a megachurch in San Antonio, Texas.[1] Hagee is also the CEO of his non-profit corporation, Global Evangelism Television (GETV). He is the 5th of 6 pastors in his family, all of whom were named John Hagee, dating back to the colonial era.

Hagee is the President and CEO of John Hagee Ministries, which telecasts his national radio and television ministry carried in the United States on ten television networks. He is shown on networks around the globe, including The Inspiration Network (INSP), Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN), and Inspiration Now TV.[2] John Hagee Ministries is in Canada on the Miracle Channel and CTS and can be seen in places including Africa, Europe, Australia and New Zealand.[3] Hagee is the founder and National Chairman of the Christian-Zionist organization Christians United for Israel, incorporated on February 7, 2006.[4]

Life and career

Hagee was born in Goose Creek, Texas, now part of Baytown, to the Reverend William Bythel Hagee and Vada Mildred Swick Hagee.[5] He graduated from Trinity University in San Antonio with a Bachelor of Science in History and Education in 1964.[6] He was on a football scholarship and appeared on the academic dean's List.[7] Hagee received a master's degree in educational administration from the University of North Texas in Denton in 1966 and completed his theological training at Southwestern Assemblies of God University in Waxahachie. In 1989, he received an honorary doctorate from Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma.[8] In 2005, he received another honorary doctorate from Netanya Academic College in Israel.[9] Hagee served on the Oral Roberts University Board of Regents from 1989 to January 2008.[6]

In 1960, he married Martha Downing. They had two children: John Christopher and Tish. In 1966 Hagee founded the Trinity Church in San Antonio, Texas. Hagee resigned as senior pastor of Trinity Church in May 1975. He also divorced his first wife Martha Downing in 1975. In 1976 Hagee married Diana Castro. They have three children: Cristina, Matthew and Sandy.

Hagee founded The Church at Castle Hills, on Mother's Day, May 11, 1975. The church started with 25 members, but within two years, had to build a new sanctuary seating 1,600 people. The church continued to grow. On October 4, 1987, Hagee dedicated a 5,000+-seat sanctuary and named it Cornerstone Church.

Hagee has thirteen grandchildren.[1][10] Matthew Hagee, Hagee's youngest son, is the executive pastor of Cornerstone Church.[11]

Personal beliefs

Hagee believes in Pentecostal practices such as the "baptism of the Holy Spirit." He also believes in the "absolute authority of the scripture," baptism by immersion, and evangelism.[12]

Hagee believes the Bible commands Christians to support the State of Israel and the Jewish people.[13][14]

In 2007, Hagee stated that he does not believe in global warming, and he also said that he sees the Kyoto Protocol as a conspiracy aimed at manipulating the U.S. economy.[15] Also, Hagee has condemned the Evangelical Climate Initiative, an initiative "signed by 86 evangelical leaders acknowledging the seriousness of global warming and pledging to press for legislation to limit carbon dioxide emissions."[16]

Hagee denounces abortion, and stopped giving money to Israel's Hadassah Medical Center when it began performing the procedure.[13]

In his 2005 book Jerusalem Countdown: A Warning to the World, Hagee interprets the Bible to predict that Russia and the Islamic states will invade Israel and will be destroyed by God. This will cause the antichrist, the head of the European Union, to create a confrontation over Israel between China and the West. The book echoes predictions made in The Late, Great Planet Earth, the best-selling 1970 book co-authored by Hal Lindsey and Carole C. Carlson.

The Christian Research Institute (among others) has strongly criticized Hagee's 2007 book, In Defense of Israel, for apparently arguing that Jesus did not claim to be the Messiah for the Jews, only the Savior for the Christian Church, and therefore, that attempts should not be made to convert Jews.[17] Hagee issued a statement denying the first of these allegations and promises to revise one chapter in a new edition to make his views clearer.

Relationship with Israel

The San Antonio B'nai B'rith Council awarded Hagee with its "Humanitarian of the Year" award. It was the first time this award was given to a non-Jew.[18] Hagee was presented with the Zionist Organization of America's Israel Award by U.N. Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick. This award was given by the Jewish Community of Dallas, Texas.[19] He was presented with the ZOA Service Award by Texas Governor Mark White.

In April 2018, the Jewish News Syndicate in partnership with the Israel Embassy in Washington DC released a list of the 70 greatest American contributors to the US-Israel relationship in honor of the upcoming 70th anniversary of Israel's declaration of independence in 1948. On the list, Hagee was awarded the position of 27 out of 70 for his work raising over 100 million dollars for Jewish and Israeli charities and founding Christians United for Israel, the largest pro-Israel organization in America with over 4 million members.[20] On May 14, 2018, while Hagee was in Jerusalem for the opening ceremony of the US Embassy, his son Matt Hagee accepted the Israeli Embassy's award on his father's behalf in a private Washington DC ceremony.[21]

Hagee has been to Israel more than two dozen times and has met with every Prime Minister of Israel since Menachem Begin. John Hagee Ministries has given several million dollars to bring Jews from the former Soviet Union to Israel, as well as millions to support Jewish orphanages and other worthy causes for the Jewish people in Israel and around the globe. Hagee is the Founder and Executive Director of "A Night to Honor Israel", an event that expresses solidarity between Christians and Jews on behalf of Jerusalem, the State of Israel, and the United States.[22]

On February 7, 2006, Hagee and some 400 leaders from across the Christian and Jewish communities formed a new national organization called Christians United for Israel (CUFI).[23] This organization addresses members of the United States Congress, professing a Biblical justification for the defense of Israel. Around this time he received death threats for supporting Israel, and has since had bodyguards standing by while preaching at his church or at speaking engagements.[24]

Hagee was the primary early funding source for the Israeli Zionist group Im Tirtzu.[25]

Views

Hagee has been criticized for his statements about Israel, the Roman Catholic Church, and Islam. Journalist Bill Moyers claims that Hagee and other evangelicals are working toward supporting the religious right. He states, "Someone who didn't know better could imagine from the very name Christians United For Israel—CUFI—that pastor John Hagee speaks for all Christians. Well, he doesn't ... What these fellows have forged is a close connection between the [George W. Bush] White House and the religious right."[26]

Some Jewish leaders, such as Reform Rabbi Eric Yoffie, criticized Hagee for being an "extremist" on Israeli policy and for disparaging other faiths, including Islam and Roman Catholicism.[27]

Accusations of anti-Catholicism

After Hagee's 2008 endorsement of U.S. Presidential candidate John McCain, a furor arose over comments, broadcasts, and writings made by Hagee that were seen as anti-Catholic. After discussions with Catholic leaders, Hagee made an apology, which was publicly accepted by Catholic League for Civil and Religious Rights president William A. Donohue.[28] When Hagee made the endorsement, Donohue issued the following remarks regarding McCain's ties to Hagee:

Now that he has secured the Republican nomination for president, and has received the endorsement of President Bush, McCain will now embark on a series of fundraising events.

When he meets with Catholics, he is going to be asked about his ties to Hagee. He should also be asked whether he approves of comments like this: "A Godless theology of hate that no one dared try to stop for a thousand years produced a harvest of hate."

That quote is proudly cited by David Brog in his recent book, Standing with Israel. Both Brog and Hagee clearly identify the Roman Catholic Church as spawning a "theology of hate".

This is nothing if not hate speech. There are so many good evangelical leaders in this country — Dr. James Dobson, Dr. Richard Land, Tony Perkins, Gary Bauer, Dr. Al Mohler, Chuck Colson — and none has ever insulted Catholicism.[29]

The "Godless theology" quotation is taken from Hagee's 1987 work Should Christians Support Israel? (p. 4).[30]

Hagee's attack against Christian antisemitism in his book Jerusalem Countdown claimed that Adolf Hitler's antisemitism derived especially from his Catholic background, and that the Catholic Church under Pope Pius XII encouraged Nazism instead of denouncing it (pp. 79–81).[31] In his 1998 book he called Hitler "a spiritual leader in the Catholic Church",[32] despite there being no evidence Hitler even attended Mass after 1918.[33] He also states that the Roman Catholic Church "plunged the world into the Dark Ages," allowed for the Crusaders to rape and murder with impunity, and called for Jews to be treated as "Christ killers". (p. 73) Later in the book (pp. 81–2), however, he praises Pope John Paul II for repudiating past antisemitism in the Roman Catholic Church.

Hagee claimed in March 2008, "I've learned that some have accused me of referring to the Catholic Church as the 'great whore,' of Revelation. This is a serious misinterpretation of my words. When I refer to the 'great whore', I am referring to the apostate church, namely those Christians who embrace the false cult system of Jew-hatred and antisemitism."[34]

Donohue rejected Hagee's explanation as disingenuous: "Anti-Catholic Protestants have long labeled the Catholic Church 'The Great Whore', and no amount of spin can change that reality. No one who knows anything about the term would suggest otherwise."[34] Furthermore, Hagee did identify [the Great Whore of] Babylon as Rome in his book From Daniel to Doomsday (1999), in a way that it became inherent to the Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic Church: "The evidence would point to Rome ... It was Rome where Nero wrapped Christians in oily rags and hung them on lampposts, setting them ablaze to light his gardens. It was Rome that orchestrated the Crusades where Jews were slaughtered ... It was Rome that orchestrated the Inquisitions throughout the known world where "heretics" were burned at the stake or pulled in half on torture racks because they were not Roman Catholic." (pp. 10–11)

Hagee further responded to the charge in a videotaped statement and press release, categorically denying that he was anti-Catholic, on the grounds that his church runs a "social services center" that serves a largely Catholic constituency, that he supported a convent personally, that he had often denounced Martin Luther, not just the Catholic Church, for antisemitism, and that he did not interpret the Whore of Babylon as a reference to the Catholic Church.[35]

Letter of apology and reconciliation

On May 12, 2008, Hagee issued a letter of apology to William Donohue, the president of the Catholic League, expressing regret for "any comments that Catholics have found hurtful."[36] He apologized for condemning Catholics for what he viewed was their persecution of Jews, and outright stated that he did not believe that, and many other previously held views, any longer.[36] He also said that the "great whore" comments were taken out of context and were not directed at the Catholic Church.[36] He went on to explain that his comments about the Catholic Church were made "[i]n my zeal to oppose anti-Semitism and bigotry in all its ugly forms. I have often emphasized the darkest chapters in the history of Catholic and Protestant relations with the Jews."[37] Bill Donohue told Fox News, "I'm absolutely delighted ... I haven't seen such a quick turnaround in the 15 years that I have been president of the Catholic League ... The tone of Hagee's letter is sincere. He wants reconciliation and he has achieved it."[36] "Indeed, the Catholic League welcomes his apology," Donohue wrote in a press release. "What Hagee has done takes courage and quite frankly I never expected him to demonstrate such sensitivity to our concerns. But he has done just that. Now Catholics, along with Jews, can work with Pastor Hagee in making interfaith relations stronger than ever. Whatever problems we had before are now history."[36]

Judaism

Despite Hagee's professed "Christian Zionist" beliefs and public support for the state of Israel, Hagee has made statements that some have interpreted as antisemitic. In his book Jerusalem Countdown, Hagee claims that Adolf Hitler was born from a lineage of "accursed, genocidally murderous half-breed Jews."[38] On page 149 in a chapter with the title 'Who Is a Jew?', Hagee writes:

It was Esau's descendants who produced the half-breed Jews of history who have persecuted and murdered the Jews beyond human comprehension ... Adolf Hitler was a distant descendant of Esau.[38]

Hagee has attributed the persecution of Jews throughout history, implicitly including the Holocaust, to disobedience, thereby attracting accusations of antisemitism:[39]

It was the disobedience and rebellion of the Jews, God's chosen people, to their covenantal responsibility to serve only the one true God, Jehovah, that gave rise to the opposition and persecution that they experienced beginning in Canaan and continuing to this very day ... Their own rebellion had birthed the seed of antisemitism that would arise and bring destruction to them for centuries to come ... it rises from the judgment of God upon his rebellious chosen people.[40]

In the book, Hagee cites material from the Jewish tradition (Jeremiah 9:13–16; 44:2–4, 15–17) to justify this view. According to Hagee, his support for Israel has brought him death threats.[24]

In 2008, in response to a question about this matter, he differentiated between his interpretation of the Bible and his understanding of modern history: "I learn from the Bible that the children of Israel were punished by God for their iniquities. But I do not presume to explain Jewish suffering in modern times. I only seek to alleviate it."[41]

Hagee's interpretation of the historical role of Hitler and the Holocaust in relation to the foundation of the state of Israel has also caused offense. Hagee interprets a reference in Jeremiah 16:16 to "fishers" and "hunters" as symbols of positive motivation (Herzl and Zionism) and negative motivation (Hitler and Nazism) respectively, both sent by God for the purpose of having Jews return to the land of Israel, even suggesting that the Holocaust was willed by God because most Jews ignored Herzl's Zionist call.[42] Following the broadcast of Hagee's remarks in late May 2008, some orthodox and conservative Jews have come forward to defend Hagee against charges of antisemitism, although other Jews have applauded McCain for distancing himself from Hagee.[43][44]

Islam

Hagee has been described as demonizing Muslims and making false claims about Islam, especially through his rhetoric regarding Islam's intolerant and violent nature.[45][46] In his book Jerusalem Countdown, Hagee describes how "Islam not only condones violence; it commands it."[47][48] He has sometimes compared Islam's violent nature with Christianity's loving nature, as when he writes that "Islam instructs its followers to kill their enemies, but Christianity instructs its followers to love their enemies."[47][49] He has described the Quran as teaching Muslims to kill Jews and Christians: for example, in a September 18, 2006, interview on National Public Radio's show Fresh Air, host Terry Gross asked Hagee if he believed that "all Muslims have a mandate to kill Christians and Jews," and Hagee replied: "Well, the Quran teaches that. Yes, it teaches that very clearly."[50][51] John Esposito has described Hagee as "among the most hardcore Islamophobes."[52]

Blood moon prophecy

Hagee, along with pastor Mark Biltz, promoted the Blood moon prophecy. Hagee wrote about the prediction in his 2013 book, "Four Blood Moons: Something Is About To Change." The prophecy stated that a tetrad which began with the April 2014 lunar eclipse was a sign of the end times as described in the Bible. The tetrad ended with the lunar eclipse on September 27–28, 2015. Hagee and Biltz's speculations did gain mainstream media attention in publications such as USA Today and The Washington Post.[53][54] The prediction was criticized by both scientific sources and other Christians.[55][56][57]

Political activities

In 2002, Hagee endorsed the conservative State Representative John Shields in the latter's unsuccessful bid for the Republican primary for the District 25 seat in the Texas Senate. Hagee dubbed Shields's opponent, incumbent Jeff Wentworth, "the most pro-abortion" of 181 legislators in both houses of the Texas legislature.[58]

In 1996, Hagee spoke on behalf of Republican presidential primary candidate Alan Keyes, who in 2004 lost the U.S. Senate election in Illinois to Barack Obama. In 2008, Hagee endorsed Senator John McCain in the presidential contest against Barack Obama.[59] In 2016, Hagee endorsed Donald Trump in the presidential contest against Hillary Clinton.[60]

Discography

  • A Lifetime of Music (2013)

Hagee and his son Matthew are members of Broadcast Music, Inc..

Books

  • The Invasion of Demons (1973) — Old Tappan, N.J., Revell, ISBN 0-8007-0576-9, Bibliography: p. 157–158.
  • Like a cleansing fire (1974) — Old Tappan, N.J., Revell, ISBN 0-8007-0685-4
  • The Beginning of the End (1996) — ISBN 0-7852-6772-7 on the New York Times Best Seller list (NYTBSL) and #1 book in the United States in 1996 in the Association for Christian Retail non-fiction division
  • Day of Deception (1997) — on the NYTBSL
  • Final Dawn Over Jerusalem (1998) — listed as the #1 book on the NYTBSL
  • His Glory Revealed (1999)
  • From Daniel to Doomsday: The Countdown Has Begun (1999)
  • God's Two-Minute Warning (2000)
  • The Revelation of Truth (2000)
  • The Battle For Jerusalem (2001)
  • Attack On America New York, Jerusalem, And The Role Of Terrorism In The Last Days (2001), revised version of The Battle For Jerusalem
  • Devil's Island (2001) — first novel
  • Avenger of Blood (2002) — second book in the novel series
  • The Life Plan Study Bible: God's Keys to Personal Success (2004) — editor
  • The Seven Secrets: Unlocking Genuine Greatness (2004)
  • Life Lessons to Live By: 52 Weeks of God's Keys to Personal Success (2005) — (daily devotional)
  • Jerusalem Countdown (2006)
  • What Every Man Wants In a Woman/What Every Woman Wants In a Man (2005) — co-authored with his wife, Diana.
  • In Defense of Israel (2007)
  • Financial Armageddon (2008)
  • Can America Survive? 10 Prophetic Signs that we are the Terminal Generation (2010)
  • The Power of the Prophetic Blessing (2012)
  • Four Blood Moons: Something Is About To Change (2013)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 About Pastor Hagee Archived June 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ↑ "Livestream: Watch Internet TV - Live streaming Video from Livestream.com". Archived from the original on June 6, 2009. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
  3. ↑ MinistryWatch Summary Report Archived February 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ Pastor John Hagee spearheads Christians United for Israel Archived 2008-04-26 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ Texas. Texas Birth Index, 1903–1997. Texas: Texas Department of State Health Services. Microfiche.
  6. 1 2 John Hagee at NNDB. Accessed April 25, 2008.
  7. ↑ "GenericPageTemplate". 27 September 2009.
  8. ↑ "Christians Aware - John Hagee". Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  9. ↑ John Hagee at Political Base
  10. ↑ Diana Hagee Archived June 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ Pastor Matthew Hagee Archived June 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ↑ John Hagee Ministries beliefs. Archived April 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  13. 1 2 Evangelicals seeing the error of 'replacement theology' | Jerusalem Post.
  14. ↑ CBS: Hagee: Pro-Israel, Anti-Semitic?, May 23, 2008.
  15. ↑ Glenn Beck Honest Questions with John Hagee.
  16. ↑ Pastor John Hagee Spearheads Christians United for Israel.
  17. ↑ CRI Statement DH005 Archived 2009-02-13 at the Wayback Machine.; cf. also Rick Joyner, Morning Star Ministries Bulletin #11.
  18. ↑ "John Hagee". Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  19. ↑ pjmiller (22 October 2007). "Review of In Defense of Israel by John Hagee". Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  20. ↑ "John Hagee, Christians United for Israel | JNS.org". www.jns.org. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
  21. ↑ "Hagee Ministries on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
  22. ↑ "Night To Honor Israel - Night To Honor Israel Christians United for Israel". Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  23. ↑ "Welcome - Welcome Christians United for Israel". Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  24. 1 2 "Hagee's Prosperity Gospel and Jews". talk2action.org. Talk to Action, LLC.
  25. ↑ "JOHN HAGEE TO CUT IM TIRTZU FUNDING". Jerusalem Post.
  26. ↑ Bill Moyers Journal, transcript, November 30, 2007
  27. ↑ Jewish leader calls Hagee an 'extremist.' Archived July 12, 2008, at Archive.is
  28. ↑ Washington Post: McCain Backer Apologizes For Anti-Catholic Remarks. May 14, 2008.
  29. ↑ "Catholic League: McCain's Next Move". Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  30. ↑ Excerpts available online; the immediately preceding series of rhetorical questions is also striking in its tone: "Where are the Jews of Spain? They were murdered in cold blood by the Roman Church! Where are the Jews of Portugal? They were murdered in cold blood by the Roman Church! Where are the Jews of Italy and France? They were murdered in cold blood by the Roman Church! Where are the Jews of Austria and Hungary?" The same text later displays a critique of post-Constantinian Christianity in terms familiar from Protestant polemic: "Constantine ... 'Christianized' the Roman Empire. In one day, with one swing of the pen, he made Rome's version of Christianity the official state religion. That religion was and is full of idolatry!" (p. 6)
  31. ↑ Hagee argued for exactly the same connections between the Roman Catholic Church and Hitler already in his 1987 Should Christians Support Israel? (pp. 20–30) — summarizing it in the sentence, "Roman Church policy shaped the policy of the Third Reich". (p. 20)
  32. ↑ Hagee, John. Final Dawn Over Jerusalem. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc. 1998. online
  33. ↑ Langer WC. A Psychological Analysis of Adolph Hitler: His Life and Legend. Office of Strategic Services Washington, D.C. 1943. The original wartime report to OSS as made publicly available. (nb: the link to the report says Profile but the title in the actual document says Analysis). From Nizkor.org.
  34. 1 2 "Catholic League: Hagee goes off the Rails, McCain must Act — Catholic Online". Archived from the original on 13 March 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  35. ↑ "Press Releases - Press Releases Christians United for Israel". Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 "Pastor Hagee Apologizes for anti-Catholic remarks". Fox News. May 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  37. ↑ "Minister Backing McCain Apologizes to Catholics" Goodstein, Laurie, New York Times, May 14, 2008
  38. 1 2 Nationally Prominent Mega-Pastor Hagee Claims Hitler Was a "Half-Breed Jew" by Bruce Wilson, The Huffington Post, August 1, 2009
  39. ↑ Matthew Yglesias, A Friend Indeed The Atlantic.com March 7, 2008; Max Blumenthal, AIPAC Cheers an Antisemitic Holocaust Revisionist (and Abe Foxman Approves) Huffington Post March 14, 2007; Bruce Wilson, "Pro Israel" Christian Leader Blames Jews For The Holocaust, Talk2Action, March 5, 2007
  40. ↑ Hagee, John Jerusalem Countdown, pp. 92–93.
  41. ↑ Ami Eden, "Q & A: John Hagee" Archived February 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  42. ↑ McCain Backer Hagee Said Hitler Was Fulfilling God's Will, by Sam Stein, Huffington Post 5/21/08
  43. ↑ Jews defend Hagee's words, The Washington Times 5/24/08
  44. ↑ "Hagee's Jewish Endorsers".
  45. ↑ Quinn, Paul (2012). "Anti-Catholicism, Islamophobia, and Modern Christian Multi-Media". From the Far Right to the Mainstream: Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media. Campus Verlag: 136–137.
  46. ↑ Herron, Kyle W. (2011). "Embracing the Other: Toward an Ethic of Gospel Neighborliness". Journal of Religious Leadership. 10: 94–5.
  47. 1 2 Hagee, John (2007). Jerusalem Countdown. p. 75.
  48. ↑ Spector, Stephen. Evangelicals and Israel: The Story of American Christian Zionism. p. 85.
  49. ↑ Andresen, Kjersti B. (2009). "Det nye kristne høyre - finnes det i Norge? : En analyse av to kristne aviser i lys av den amerikanske New Christian Right-diskursen": 47.
  50. ↑ "Pastor John Hagee on Christian Zionism". NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
  51. ↑ Johnston, David L. "American Evangelical Islamophobia: A History of Continuity with a Hope for Change". Journal of Ecumenical Studies. 51: 224–235.
  52. ↑ Esposito, John (2010). The Future of Islam. p. 21.
  53. ↑ Elizabeth Weise (April 3, 2014). "Blood moon eclipse on April 15 is a special event". USA Today. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
  54. ↑ Sarah Pulliam Bailey (April 15, 2014). "'Blood moon' sets off apocalyptic debate among some Christians". Washington Post. Religion News Service. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Four Blood Moons: Total Lunar Eclipse Series Not a Sign of Apocalypse". Space.com. April 9, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
  56. ↑ Bruce McClure; Deborah Byrd (March 30, 2014). "What is a Blood Moon?". Earth & Sky. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  57. ↑ Mike Moore (20 January 2014). "Blood Moon Rising". Mike's Musings. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  58. ↑ "Morgan Smith, "Primary Races Tend to Be Bloody," November 3, 2009". texastribune.org. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
  59. ↑ "Will Alan Keyes Be John McCain's Worst Nightmare?, April 24, 2008". talkwaction.org. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
  60. ↑ Gutierrez Cachila, Suzette (May 22, 2016). "Donald Trump receives support in presidential bid from Pastor John Hagee". The Christian Times. New York, NY. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
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