Joel 1

Joel 1
Leningrad Codex (AD. 1008) contains the complete copy of Book of Joel in Hebrew.
Book Book of Joel
Bible part Old Testament
Order in the Bible part 29
Category Nevi'im

Joel 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Joel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This book contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet Joel, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[3][4]

Text

Textual versions

Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:

Ancient translations in Koine Greek:

Structure

NKJV groups this chapter (with cross references to other parts of the Bible):

Verse 1

The word of the Lord that came to Joel the son of Pethuel.[6]

  • The name "Joel" means "one to whom Jehovah is God," that is, "worshipper of Jehovah". The prophet seems to have belonged to Judah, as no reference occurs to Israel; whereas he speaks of Jerusalem, the temple, the priests, and the ceremonies, as if he were intimately familiar with them (compare Joel 1:14; 2:1, 15, 32; 3:1, 2, 6, 16, 17, 20, 21).[7]

Verse 4

What the chewing locust left, the swarming locust has eaten;

What the swarming locust left, the crawling locust has eaten;
And what the crawling locust left, the consuming locust has eaten.[8]

Hebrew text

יתר הגזם אכל הארבה ויתר הארבה אכל הילק ויתר הילק אכל החסיל׃

Transliteration

ye·ṯer ha·gā·zām ’ā·ḵal hā·’ar·beh,

wə·ye·ṯer hā·’ar·beh ’ā·ḵal ha·yā·leq,
wə·ye·ṯer ha·ye·leq ’ā·ḵal he·khā·sîl.

Cross reference: Joel 2:25.

Exact identity of these locusts is unknown.

Hebrew; transliterationEnglishAppearance in Hebrew BibleOther Bible verses
גזם, gā·zāmchewing locust; gnawing locust; palmerworm; caterpillar3Joel 2:25; Amos 4:9
ארבה, ’ar·behswarming locust; locusts; grasshoppers24Exodus 10:4, 12-14, 19; Leviticus 11:22; Deuteronomy 28:38; Judges 6:5; 7:12; 1 Kings 8:37; 2 Chronicles 6:28;Job 39:20; Psalm 78:46; 105:34; 109:23; Proverb 30:27; Jeremiah 46:23; Joel 2:25; Nahum 3:15,17
ילק, yā·leqcrawling locust; creeping locust ; locusts; young locusts; cankerworm9Psalm 105:34; Jeremiah 51:14, 27;
Joel 2:25; Nahum 3:15,16
חסיל, khā·sîlconsuming locust; stripping locust; caterpillar; grasshopper61 Kings 8:37; 2 Chronicles 6:28; Psalm 78:46;
Isaiah 33:4; Joel 2:25

See also

References

  1. ↑ Collins 2014.
  2. ↑ Hayes 2015.
  3. ↑ Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  4. ↑ Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
  5. 1 2 3 Dead sea scrolls - Joel
  6. ↑ Joel 1:1
  7. ↑ Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
  8. ↑ Joel 1:4

Bibliography

  • Collins, John J. (2014). Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Fortress Press.
  • Hayes, Christine (2015). Introduction to the Bible. Yale University Press.

Bibliography

  • Collins, John J. (2014). Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Fortress Press.
  • Hayes, Christine (2015). Introduction to the Bible. Yale University Press.
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