Haifanggou Formation

Haifanggou Formation
Stratigraphic range: Middle Jurassic
Haifanggou Formation; Stratigraphic range: Middle Jurassic
Type	Geological formation
Underlies	Tiaojishan Formation
Overlies	Beipiao Formation
Lithology
Primary	Conglomerate
Other	Sandstone, mudstone, coal
Location
Region	Inner Mongolia
Country	China

The Haifanggou Formation (also known as the Jiulongshan Formation) is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China.

The rocks consists of coarse conglomerates, sandstone, mudstone, and thin coal layers.

The formation dates from the Middle Jurassic.^[1]

Fauna

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Arthropods

Insects of the Haifanggou Formation
Genus	Species	Year of description	Abundance	Notes	Images
Ahirmoneura	A. neimengguensis^[2]	2008		A tangle-veined fly
Archaboilus	A. musicus^[3]	2012	1 specimen	A stem-katydid
Formosibittacus	F. macularis^[4]	2008	1 specimen	A hangingfly
Jurahylobittacus	J. astictus^[4]	2008	1 specimen	A hangingfly
Mesobunus	M. dunlopi^[5]	2012	1 specimen	A harvestman
Mongolbittacus	M. daohugoensis^[6]	2007	1 specimen	A hangingfly
Sinojuraphis	S. ningchengensis^[7]	2008		An aphid
Miriholcorpa^[8]		2013		A Mecopteran
Fortiholcorpa^[8]		2013		A Mecopteran

Vertebrates

Genus	Species	Year of description	Notes	Images
Chunerpeton^[9]	C. tianyiensis	2003	A cryptobranchid salamander
Castorocauda^[10]	C. lutrasimilis	2006	A docodont (early mammal)

Flora

Plants of the Haifanggou Formation
Genus	Species	State	Abundance	Notes	Images
Schmeissneria	S. sinensis^[11]	Liaoning		A possible early flowering plant
Xingxueanthus	X. sinensis^[12]	Liaoning		An early flowering plant

References

↑ Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Ji, S.; Yang, Z. (2006). "U-Pb zircon age for the Daohugou Biota at Ningcheng of Inner Mongolia and comments on related issues". Chinese Science Bulletin. 51 (21): 2634–2644. doi:10.1007/s11434-006-2165-2.
↑ Zhang, K.; Yang, D.; Ren, D.; Ge, F. (2008). "New Middle Jurassic tangle−veined flies from Inner Mongolia, China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 53 (1): 161–164. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0112.
↑ Gu J.-J., Montealegre-Z, F., Robert, D., Engel, M.S., Qiao G.-X., and Ren D. (2012). "Wing stridulation in a Jurassic katydid (Insecta, Orthoptera) produced low-pitched musical calls to attract females." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (advance online publication) doi:10.1073/pnas.1118372109
1 2 Li, Y-L.; Ren, D.; Shih, C-K (2008). "Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1929: 38–46. ISSN 1175-5334.
↑ Giribet, G., et al., 2012. An exquisitely preserved harvestman (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 12, p.51-56.
↑ Petrulevicius, J. F.; Huang, D-Y.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new hangingfly (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China" (PDF). African Invertebrates. 48 (1): 145–152.
↑ Huang, D.; Nel, A. (2008). "A new Middle Jurassic aphid family (Insecta: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Sinojuraphididae fam. nov.) from Inner Mongolia, China". Palaeontology. 51 (3): 715–719. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00773.x.
1 2 Wang, Qi; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Carrier, David (2013). "The Earliest Case of Extreme Sexual Display with Exaggerated Male Organs by Two Middle Jurassic Mecopterans". PLoS ONE. 8 (8): e71378. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071378. PMC 3743757. PMID 23977031.
↑ Gao, Ke-Qin; Shubin, Neil H. (2003). "Earliest known crown-group salamanders". Nature. 422 (6930): 424–428. doi:10.1038/nature01491. PMID 12660782.
↑ {https://www.sciencemag.org/content/311/5764/1123.full.pdf}
↑ Xin Wing; Shuying Duan; Baoyin Geng; Jinzhong Cui; Yong Yang (2007). "Schmeissneria: A missing link to angiosperms?". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 14. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-14. PMC 1805421. PMID 17284326.
↑ Xin WANG; and Shijun WANG (2010). "Xingxueanthus: An Enigmatic Jurassic Seed Plant and Its Implications for the Origin of Angiospermy". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00169.x.

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[Liuetal2006-1] Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Ji, S.; Yang, Z. (2006). "U-Pb zircon age for the Daohugou Biota at Ningcheng of Inner Mongolia and comments on related issues". Chinese Science Bulletin. 51 (21): 2634–2644. doi:10.1007/s11434-006-2165-2.

[zhang2008-2] Zhang, K.; Yang, D.; Ren, D.; Ge, F. (2008). "New Middle Jurassic tangle−veined flies from Inner Mongolia, China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 53 (1): 161–164. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0112.

[guetal2012-3] Gu J.-J., Montealegre-Z, F., Robert, D., Engel, M.S., Qiao G.-X., and Ren D. (2012). "Wing stridulation in a Jurassic katydid (Insecta, Orthoptera) produced low-pitched musical calls to attract females." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (advance online publication) doi:10.1073/pnas.1118372109

[Li2008-4] 1 2 Li, Y-L.; Ren, D.; Shih, C-K (2008). "Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1929: 38–46. ISSN 1175-5334.

[giribetetal2012-5] Giribet, G., et al., 2012. An exquisitely preserved harvestman (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 12, p.51-56.

[Petrulevicius2007-6] Petrulevicius, J. F.; Huang, D-Y.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new hangingfly (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China" (PDF). African Invertebrates. 48 (1): 145–152.

[huang2008-7] Huang, D.; Nel, A. (2008). "A new Middle Jurassic aphid family (Insecta: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Sinojuraphididae fam. nov.) from Inner Mongolia, China". Palaeontology. 51 (3): 715–719. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00773.x.

[Wangetal2013-8] 1 2 Wang, Qi; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Carrier, David (2013). "The Earliest Case of Extreme Sexual Display with Exaggerated Male Organs by Two Middle Jurassic Mecopterans". PLoS ONE. 8 (8): e71378. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071378. PMC 3743757. PMID 23977031.

[9] Gao, Ke-Qin; Shubin, Neil H. (2003). "Earliest known crown-group salamanders". Nature. 422 (6930): 424–428. doi:10.1038/nature01491. PMID 12660782.

[10] {https://www.sciencemag.org/content/311/5764/1123.full.pdf}

[11] Xin Wing; Shuying Duan; Baoyin Geng; Jinzhong Cui; Yong Yang (2007). "Schmeissneria: A missing link to angiosperms?". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 14. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-14. PMC 1805421. PMID 17284326.

[Xin_WANG2010-12] Xin WANG; and Shijun WANG (2010). "Xingxueanthus: An Enigmatic Jurassic Seed Plant and Its Implications for the Origin of Angiospermy". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00169.x.