Israel Border Police

Israel Border Police
Emblem of Magav
Flag of Israel Border Police
Common name Magav
Agency overview
Formed 1953
Preceding agency
Employees ≈8,000 soldiers and officers
Jurisdictional structure
National agency Israel
Operations jurisdiction Israel
Governing body Israel Police
General nature • Local civilian agency

Website
www.police.gov.il/English_contentPage.aspx

The Israel Border Police (Hebrew: מִשְׁמַר הַגְּבוּל‬, Mišmar Ha-Gvul) is the gendarmerie and border security branch of the Israel National Police. It is also commonly known by its Hebrew abbreviation Magav (מג"ב‬), meaning border guard; its members are colloquially known as Magavnikim (מג"בניקים‬). Border Guard is often used as the official name of the Israel Border Police in English. While its main task is securing Israel's borders, it has also been deployed in assisting the Israel Defense Forces, and for counter-terrorism and law enforcement operations in the West Bank, as well as in Jerusalem.

The Israeli Border Police is renowned for including a large number of soldiers from minority backgrounds, being a particularly popular choice with Druze recruits, but also includes many soldiers from Circassian, Arab Christian and Bedouin background.[1]

History

Magavniks in Jerusalem

The Border Police was founded as the Frontier Corps (חיל הספר‬, Heil HaSfar), a gendarmerie under the IDF in 1949 with the task of providing security in rural areas and along the borders. In the course of the following years, it was gradually transferred to the command of the Police and became the Border Police. During these years, it secured new settlements and countered infiltration of Palestinian Fedayeen, especially from Egypt and Jordan.

Magavnik in the Muslim Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City.
Magavnikim with an Israel Border Police Sufa jeep in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City.

During the 1956 Suez War, the Border Police was involved in the Kafr Qasim massacre. On the second day of the war, a curfew was imposed on the Israeli Arab village. Villagers who had worked in the village fields and were apparently unaware of the curfew were shot as they returned to the village,[2] resulting in 49 dead. This event raised a strong protest in the Israeli public and resulted in a landmark Supreme Court ruling on the obligation of soldiers to disobey manifestly illegal orders.

During the 1967 Six-Day War, the Border Police took part in the fighting alongside the IDF. Following the war, it was deployed in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and charged with maintaining law and order as part of the military administration. Since then, a significant portion of the Border Police's activity has been in these territories, especially during the years of the First Intifada and the Second (al-Aqsa) Intifada.

In 1974, the counter-terror unit Yamam was established.

In the 2000 October Riots, the Border Police were used as the main branch of the treatment in the events. During the Second Intifada, the Border Police took a large part in the security activity.

In 2005, the Border Police participated in the implementation of the Israeli disengagement from Gaza.

The Border Police heaviest area of operation is the city of Jerusalem. Virtually all "soldiers" that can be seen patrolling the streets of Jerusalem are actually Border Guard Police officers. Approximately 20% of all Border Guard personnel in the country are located in Jerusalem alone. Besides Jerusalem MAGAV also provides security, conducts military operations, raids and arrests on Palestinian people in cities like Jenin, Nablus, Jericho, Qalqilya, Tulkarm, Ramallah and Hebron.

The total number of Border Guards is believed to be about 6,000 soldiers and officers.

Minorities serving

The Israeli Border Police is renowned for including a large number of soldiers from minority backgrounds, being a particularly popular choice with Druze recruits, but also includes many soldiers from Circassian, Arab Christian and Bedouin background.[3]

Structure

The Border Police is composed of professional officers on payroll and field policemen redirected from the IDF (men and women at the age of 18 can choose to serve in the Border Police instead of the IDF, serving 3 years as a border policeman is equal to 3 years as an IDF soldier). All border policemen receive combat training and in addition are also trained for CT (counter-terrorism), riot control and policework. Excellent policemen can specialize in some profession and receive special training to become snipers, buggie-drivers, dog operators, bomb squad, etc.

Because of their combat training, border policemen are employed in unique areas, where there are greater risks for riots, violence and even terror. They serve mainly in the countryside, in Arab villages and towns (along with the regular police), near the borders and in the West Bank.

The Border Police is also responsible for security of rural settlements inside Israel with its Rural Police (Hebrew: שיטור כפרי, shitur kafri) units and community security coordinators (Hebrew: רב"ש, rabash). Rural policemen are full-time professional officers and security coordinators are a mixture of full-time and volunteer officers.

Memorial

The "Border Police Memorial and Heritage Center"[4] is located in the western Carmel mountains near Zomet Iron at road 65.[5]

Special Operations Units

The Border Police has four Special forces units:

Yamam

The Yamam (counter-terror and hostage rescue unit) record includes the capture of a terrorist group hidden in the Arab town of Tayibe, the rescue of Eliyahu Goral, the killing of the Hamas head in Hebron and Abbedullah Qawasameh.

Yamas

YAAS in training

The Yamas are the counter-terror undercover unit.

The Yamas are often expected to carry out complex missions with little or no preparation, often involving daylight raids in volatile areas. They do not follow regular military or police command structure and answer directly to the Shabak. Their existence has until recently been denied by the IDF.

Others

  • Samag (Tactical Counter-Crime and Counter-Terror Rapid Deployment Unit) and
  • Matilan (Intelligence Gathering and Infiltrations Interception Unit).

Volunteer Border Guard

The Border Guard also deploys a large number of volunteer servicemen. These volunteer Border Guard members enlist as volunteers and serve in regular Border Guard units. The Border Guard relies on the volunteer soldiers in order to reinforce their manpower and help maintain the country's heavy security needs. The volunteer Border Guard are given special attention in sensitive places like Jerusalem where security threats are the highest and at times can double or even triple the manpower of full-time security forces in a given area.

Many of these special Border Guard volunteers are Jewish immigrants that have immigrated to Israel from all over the world from places like the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Italy, France, Germany, South Africa, South America, and the former Soviet Union, etc.[6]

The volunteer Border Guard members leave behind jobs and families on a regular basis in order to serve in this special combat unit. Some come from cities like Beit Shemesh, Ofrah, Ashkelon, Ra'anana and even Haifa to serve in the Border Guard. The volunteers receive no pay for serving in the Border Guard units and serve in the Border Guard in their off work hours.

Commanders

Below is a list of current and former Border Police Commanders

  • Pinchas Kopel (1953-1964) He later served as the third police commissioner.
  • Shimon Eshed (1964-1972) Later he served as commander of the Northern District .
  • Chaim Levi (1972-1976) Later he served as the Prison Service Commissioner .
  • Zvi Bar (1976-1983) Later he served as the head of the Police Operations Branch and served as mayor of Ramat Gan .
  • Pinchas Shahar (1983-1989) With a masterpiece.
  • Meshulam Amit (1989-1993) He served briefly as deputy mayor of Jerusalem and was a candidate for the Knesset on behalf of the Moledet party .
  • Yitzhak Aharonovitch (1993-1995) Later on, Cohen served as commander of the SJ District , commander of the southern district and the commissioner of police. He also served as Minister of Public Security on behalf of the Yisrael Beiteinu party.
  • Israel Sadan (1998-1995) Later he served as mayor of Hadera .
  • Yitzhak Dadon (1998-2001) The service decoration .
  • Yaakov Ganot (2001-2002) Later he served as the Commissioner of Prisons. He currently serves as CEO of the Airports Authority .
  • David Tzur (2002-2004) Later he served as commander of the Tel Aviv District. He also served as a member of the Knesset on behalf of the Movement Party.
  • Hossein Fares (2004-2007) The first Druze head of the Israel Police.
  • Israel Isaac (2007-2011) Later he served as the Israel Police commissioner.
  • Yoram Halevy (2011 - 2012) Later he served as commander of the Southern District, currently serving as commander of the Jerusalem district.
  • Amos Jacob (2012-2016) Currently serves as the commander of the Hof district .
  • Yaakov Shabtai (Current from February 2016)[7]

Ranks

The ranks in the Border Police are the same as those of the Israel Police and are similarly sworn in: the ranks of police officers and junior officers on the shirt collar, ranks of officers and senior officers on the cover. However in field uniforms Border Police officers wear rank insignia on a green background worn on epaulets on top of both shoulders or on green epaulets. Border Police branch insignia is worn on the cap or beret. Enlisted grades wear rank insignia on the sleeve, halfway between the shoulder and the elbow. The Border Police British Army style insignia are white with blue interwoven threads backed with the appropriate corps color.

Uniforms

The Border has several types of uniforms:

  • Service dress (מדי אלף Madei Alef – Uniform "A") – the everyday uniform which is a variant of the khaki Navy and Air Corps uniform. A green lanyard is worn on the left shoulder with the Class A uniform[8]
  • Field dress ( מדי ב Madei Bet – Uniform "B") – worn into combat, training, work on base.

The first two resemble each other but the Madei Alef is made of higher quality materials in grey while the madei bet is in grey drab.

  • Officers / Ceremonial dress (מדי שרד madei srad) – worn by officers, or during special events/ceremonies. Consists of a light yellow shirt and brown-gray trousers.

The service uniform for all Border Police personnel is grey. The uniforms consist of a two-pocket shirt, plain or combat trousers, sweater, jacket or blouse, and shoes or boots. The grey fatigues are the same for winter and summer and heavy winter gear is issued as needed. Women's dress parallels the men's but may substitute a skirt for the trousers.

Headgear included a service cap for dress and semi-dress and a field cap or bush hat worn with fatigues. Border Police personnel generally wear green beretsin lieu of the service cap.

Some units have small variations in their uniforms such as certain Security and Tactical units in Jerusalem who wear the standard IDF olive fatigues[9].

Weapons and Equipment

The primary Border Police weapons are the CAR-15 and M-16 rifles. The Border Police also use standard IDF equipment such as vests and helmets. some of which are attached to the M-203 grenade launcher . Police officers and myself, as well as special units of fighters pistols type Glock 17 , Glock 19 , Jericho or FN HP. Some units, such as Jerusalem Patrol unit carrying a Beretta M9-22LR .22LR pistol. Special units use a variety of other individual and individual weapons, (Ruger S22[10]), sniper rifles, submachine guns and Shotguns.

The Border Police extensively use riot dispersal means such as batons and shields, tear gas canisters and stun grenades, also rubber bullets and water cannon.

The Border Police also use Sufa, Carkal, Dawid and a variety of patrol cars and vehicles, and several units in the Border Police use motorcycles.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Not to be confused with the Frontier Corps of Pakistan

Bibliography

  • Bregman, Ahron (2002). Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28716-2
  • Arno Klarsfeld, Yves Derai, Israël transit: Entretiens avec Yves Derai, L' Archipel, ISBN 2-84187-465-6
  • Moshe Givati , Abir 21 - The Story of Eli Avram, Commander of the Undercover Unit, Reut Publishing, 2003.
  • Yosef Argaman , The Border - Cases in the History of the Border Police, Israel: The Border Police, the "Green Berets" Association and the Ministry of Defense Publication, 1996.

References

  1. ↑ Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars, Anthony H. Cordesman, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1 January 2006, page 133
  2. ↑ Jewish Literacy, Joseph Telushkin, p. 595, Harper-Collins, 1991, ISBN 0-688-08506-7
  3. ↑ Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars, Anthony H. Cordesman, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1 January 2006, page 133
  4. ↑ Hebrew website
  5. ↑ Map
  6. ↑ About the Volunteers Archived July 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on December 3, 2007.
  7. ↑ From Hebrew page
  8. ↑ Israeli Defense Forces since 1973 (pps L and 62/63) and by Sam Katz, Osprey Elite Series #8, Copywrite 1986 ISBN 0-85045-687-8
  9. ↑ Israeli Defense Forces since 1973 (p62) and by Sam Katz, Osprey Elite Series #8, Copywrite 1986 ISBN 0-85045-687-8
  10. ↑ http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2015/10/21/israel-adopts-ruger-sr-22-in-less-lethal-sniper-role/
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.