Intha dialect

Intha
Region Inle Lake
Ethnicity Intha
Native speakers
 90,000 (2000)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 int
Glottolog inth1238[2]

The Intha dialect of Burmese is spoken by the Intha people, a group of Bamar descendants who migrated to Inle Lake in Shan State. The dialect is spoken by 90,000.[3] The Intha dialect is characterized by a retention of the /-l-/ medial (for the following consonant clusters: /kl- kʰl- pl- pʰl- ml- hml-/). Examples include:

  • "full": Standard Burmese ပြည့် ([pjḛ]) → ပ္လည့် ([plḛ]), from old Burmese ပ္လည်
  • "ground": Standard Burmese မြေ ([mjè]) → မ္လေ ([mlè]), from old Burmese မ္လိယ်

There is no voicing with the presence of either aspirated or unaspirated consonants. For instance, ဗုဒ္ဓ (Buddha) is pronounced [boʊʔda̰] in standard Burmese, but [poʊʔtʰa̰] in the Intha dialect. This is probably due to influence from the Shan language. Intha also has high amount of borrowings from Mandarin Chinese.

Furthermore, သ (/θ/ in standard Burmese) has merged to /sʰ/ (ဆ) in the Intha dialect.

Rhymes

Rhyme correspondences to standard Burmese follow these patterns:[4]

Written BurmeseStandard BurmeseIntha dialectNotes
-ျင် -င်/-ɪɴ//-ɛɴ/
-ဉ်/-ɪɴ//-ɪɴ/
ိမ် -ိန် ိုင်/-eɪɴ -eɪɴ -aɪɴ//-eɪɴ/
-ျက် -က်/-jɛʔ -ɛʔ//-aʔ/
-တ် -ပ်/-aʔ//-ɛʔ/
-ည်/--ɛ, -e, -i//-e//-i/ if initial is a palatal consonant
ိတ် ိပ် ိုက်/-eɪʔ -eɪʔ -aɪʔ//-aɪʔ/
Rhymes
Open syllablesweak = ə
full = i, e, ɛ, a, ɔ, o, u
Closednasal = ɪɴ, eɪɴ, ɛɴ, aɴ, ɔɴ, oʊɴ, ʊɴ
stop = ɪʔ, aɪʔ, ɛʔ, aʔ, ɔʔ, oʊʔ, ʊʔ

References

  1. ↑ Intha at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Intha". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Lewis, M. Paul (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Intha: A language of Myanmar. ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  4. ↑ Barron, Sandy; John Okell; Saw Myat Yin; Kenneth VanBik; Arthur Swain; Emma Larkin; Anna J. Allott; Kirsten Ewers (2007). Refugees From Burma: Their Backgrounds and Refugee Experiences (PDF) (Report). Center for Applied Linguistics. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
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