IEEE Rebooting Computing

IEEE Rebooting Computing
Founded December 2012[1]
Type Professional Organization
Focus Computing
Location
Origins Global initiative launched by IEEE
Area served
Worldwide
Method Communications, Conferences, Digital Media, Education, Industry standards, Marketing, Publications, Web Portal
Key people
 Elie Track, Co-Chair[1]
Tom Conte, Co-Chair[1]
Erik DeBenedictis, Co-Chair
Bruce Kraemer, Co-Chair
Dejan Milojicic, Co-Chair
Paolo Gargini, Chair, IRDS[2]
Website rebootingcomputing.ieee.org

IEEE Rebooting Computing is a global initiative launched by IEEE that proposes to rethink the concept of computing through a holistic look at all aspects of computing, from the device itself to the user interface.[3] As part of its work, IEEE Rebooting Computing provides access to various resources like conferences and educational events, feature and scholarly articles, reports,[4] and videos.

History

IEEE Future Directions Committee established an "IEEE Rebooting Computing" working group in late 2012 with the broad vision of "rebooting" the entire field of computer technology.[5] The activities of this working group are carried out by the IEEE Rebooting Computing Committee, a team of volunteers from ten participating IEEE Societies and Councils, in conjunction with IEEE Future Directions staff members.[1]

The term "rebooting computing" was coined by IEEE Life Fellow, Peter Denning,[6] as part of an early U.S. National Science Foundation-sponsored project focused on revamping computer education.[7]

In order to achieve its goal of rebooting computing, IEEE Rebooting Computing hosted four invitation-only summits between 2013 and 2015 in Washington, D.C., and Santa Cruz, California.[8] These summits addressed the future of computing from a holistic point of view.[3]

In 2014, IEEE Rebooting Computing adopted its new logo, consisting of an exploding infinity symbol. The logo is intended to suggest the absence of limits for future computing technology.

IEEE Rebooting Computing announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) in March 2015.[9] This led in May 2016 to the formation of the IEEE International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS),[10] which incorporated the previous mission of ITRS in semiconductor device fabrication and expanded it to encompass alternative technologies, computer architectures, and system applications.

In September 2015, IEEE Rebooting Computing announced support for the National Strategic Computing Initiative (NSCI).[11] Established under Executive Order 13072 issued by U.S. President Barack Obama in July 2015, the NSCI calls for a coordinated Federal strategy in high-performance computing (HPC) research, development, and deployment.[12]

In October 2015, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), an interagency program of the U.S. government, announced a "Nanotechnology-Inspired Grand Challenge in Future Computing".[13] A key document cited by NNI as part of this grand challenge is a white paper, co-sponsored by IEEE Rebooting Computing and ITRS, entitled Sensible Machines.[14]

Purpose

The Three Pillars of Computing

IEEE Rebooting Computing aims to help return the computing industry to exponential computer-performance scaling,[15] which stalled in 2005 due to energy inefficiencies of CMOS-based classical computers.[16] Historically, computer processing power doubled every 18 months due to increasing densities of transistors per semiconductor unit. To alleviate challenges brought on by limitations in computer architectures and sustain regular processing performance gains, there was a move toward instruction-level parallelism and superscalar microprocessors. However, with rising costs associated with greater power consumption brought on by this approach signaling the end of Moore's Law,[17] IEEE introduced the IEEE Rebooting Computing initiative.

Incorporating three fundamental pillars of rebooting computing, including energy efficiency, security, and Human Computer Interface (HCI), the initiative seeks to overcome setbacks and challenges relating to the deceleration of computational power and capacity. In turn, these efforts may also be applied in other technology sectors, such as the Internet of Things.[18]

Current work

With the goal of identifying new directions in computing and aiding industry in returning to historical exponential scaling of computer performance,[19] IEEE Rebooting Computing encompasses a variety of activities, products, and services. Among these efforts are an online web portal, technical community, publications, conferences, and events. IEEE Rebooting Computing also maintains a collaborative partnership with IRDS, as well as responding to and participating in national and international initiatives, the NSCI[11] and the "Nanotechnology Inspired Grand Challenge for Future Computing".[13]

IEEE Rebooting Computing Web Portal

The web portal is the primary online home for IEEE Rebooting Computing. The website provides relevant news, information, and resources to users, such as articles authored by IEEE experts and third-party publications. It also includes access to a list of both IEEE-sponsored and general industry conferences and events, videos, and historical data from IEEE Rebooting Computing's past summits.[20]

IEEE Rebooting Computing Technical Community

IEEE Technical Communities are virtual communities for practitioners, subject matter experts, researchers, and other technology professionals interested in specific topic areas. Open to any interested individual, the IEEE Rebooting Computing Technical Community serves as a venue for the distribution and dissemination of news, announcements, and other information from those societies and councils taking part in the IEEE Rebooting Computing initiatiive. IEEE membership is not required to become a member of the IEEE Rebooting Computing Technical Community.[21]

IEEE Rebooting Computing conferences and events

IEEE Rebooting Computing sponsors, co-sponsors, and takes part in a variety of technology conferences and events worldwide. Conference and event programming is designed to stimulate discussion of existing and emerging technologies, including challenges, benefits, and opportunities. Typically lasting anywhere from a single day to a week or more, conference and event programming generally encompasses keynote addresses, panel discussions, paper presentations, poster sessions, tutorials, and workshops in one or more tracks.[22]

IEEE Rebooting Computing Summits

During its first several years, the initiative's flagship event series was its Rebooting Computing Summits. The inaugural IEEE Rebooting Computing Summit was held in December 2013 in Washington, D.C.[23] The event drew business and industry, government, and academic representatives both from the U.S. and internationally for a variety of plenary lectures and brainstorming sessions.[6]

Based on the first event, a second IEEE Rebooting Computing Summit was held in May 2014 in Santa Cruz, California.[24] Following a similar format to the first summit, a group of invited business and trade, academia, and government experts took part in discussing neuromorphic engineering, approximate computing, and adiabatic / reversible computing.[25]

With the first two summits serving as the event's basis, IEEE Rebooting Computing held a third summit in October 2014, in Scotts Valley, California.[26] The theme for the third summit was "Rethinking Structures of Computation", and focused on the topics of parallel computing, security, approximation, and Human-Computer Interaction. As part of the event, attendees took part in plenary talks, a poster session, and heard details of a new government initiative in future computing research.[27]

A fourth IEEE Rebooting Computing Summit (RCS4), with a theme of "Roadmapping the Future of Computing: Discovering How We May Compute" was held in December 2015, in Washington D.C.[28] The event included plenary talks and breakout groups in the three tracks of "Probabilistic/Approximate Computing", "Neuromorphic Computing", and "Beyond CMOS/3D Computing", with a fourth track on "Superconducting Computing". The summit also hosted speakers from other programs promoting future computing, both governmental and industrial, including DARPA, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), ITRS, NSCI, Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), and Semiconductor Research Corporation.[29]

IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing

A larger, open conference, the IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC 2016), was held in October 2016, in San Diego, California.[30] The goal of ICRC 2016 was to discover and foster novel methodologies to reinvent computing technology, including new materials and physics, devices and circuits, system and network architectures, and algorithms and software. Proceedings of the event have been published by IEEE,[31] and videos of many of the presentations are available online.[32] The second conference in this series, ICRC 2017,[33] was held in November 2017 in Washington, DC, as part of IEEE Rebooting Computing Week.[34] A third conference in this series, ICRC 2018, is being planned for November 2018.

IEEE Industry Summit on the Future of Computing

In November 2017, IEEE Rebooting Computing also sponsored a distinct one-day summit, following ICRC, which addressed similar topics but with a somewhat different focus and audience.[35] This Industry Summit featured plenary presentations by industry, government, and academic leaders on what we can expect for new computer technologies in coming decades. For example, this featured a new public announcement from IBM Research on a breakthrough in quantum computing technology.[36] Other topics of interest included artificial intelligence, machine learning, memory-driven computing, and heterogeneous computing.

Low-Power Image Recognition Challenges

In June 2015, IEEE Rebooting Computing held the first-ever Low-Power Image Recognition Competition (LPIRC).[37] Held as a one-day workshop as during the 2015 Design Automation Conference in San Francisco, California, the competition aimed to assess the state of low-power approaches to object detection in images.[38] The competition fielded competitors from four different countries and included teams from Carnegie Mellon,[39] Rice University,[39] and Tsinghua University and Huawei.[40]

Before the competition, training data was released for detection from the ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC). Source code of the referee system was released to the public in March 2015. For the competition, an intranet was established for the contestants to retrieve provided image files from and return answers to the competition's referee system. Teams were given 10 minutes to process images, which were ranked by detection accuracy and energy usage.[41]

A second LPIRC was held during the June 2016 Design Automation Conference in Austin, Texas.[39] A third LPIRC[42] was held in July 2017 as part of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference[43] in Honolulu, Hawaii. A fourth LPIRC is being planned for 2018.[44]

Publications

As part of the initiative's work, IEEE Rebooting Computing members and societies regularly publish papers, manuscripts, journals and magazines, and other documents.[45] Among the various IEEE publications IEEE Rebooting Computing contributes to or features articles from on its web portal are Computer Magazine;[15] IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems;[46] IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits;[47] IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine;[48] IEEE Spectrum;[49] and Proceedings of the IEEE.[50]

In December 2015, Computer Magazine published a special issue on rebooting computing, with members of the IEEE Rebooting Committee as guest editors and contributors.[51] In November 2016, the Italian online magazine Mondo Digitale published an article entitled "Rebooting Computing: Developing a Roadmap for the Future of the Computer Industry."[52] In March 2017, Computing in Science and Engineering published a special issue on "The End of Moore's Law",[53] addressing alternative approaches to maintaining exponential growth in performance, even as classic device scaling may be ending.

IEEE Rebooting Computing also contributes to a variety of trade publications and news outlets, such as EE Times[17] and Scientific Computing.[3]

Participating IEEE societies

IEEE Rebooting Computing has multi-society participation from a cross-section of IEEE societies with interest in numerous aspects of computing, including circuits and systems design; architectures; design automation; magnetics; nanotechnology; reliability; and superconductors.[1]

IEEE Societies and Councils taking part in the IEEE Rebooting Computing initiative are:

Collaboration with ITRS and IRDS

IEEE Rebooting Computing has established a collaborative relationship with the ITRS.[1] The two organizations initiated an exchange of information in 2014.[4] Following the signing of a formal collaboration agreement,[9] IEEE Rebooting Computing and ITRS arranged and held joint international workshops in 2015 with the objective of identifying computer performance scaling challenges and establishing a roadmap to successfully restart computer performance scaling.[4] IEEE Rebooting Computing further collaborated with ITRS on a new effort, known as ITRS 2.0, that extends beyond traditional Moore's Law scaling of chips to include roadmaps covering systems and applications.[54]

ITRS Chairman Paolo Gargini said, "The ITRS shares IEEE Rebooting Computing’s mission to restore computing to its historic exponential performance scaling trends so our society and future societies can benefit. Our agreement will ensure we help fundamentally shift the computer industry’s focus, resources, time and attention on to new possibilities for computational performance."[55]

On May 4, 2016, IEEE announced the launch of the "International Roadmap for Devices and Systems" (IRDS), operating as part of the IEEE Standards Association's (IEEE-SA) Industry Connections program. IRDS is sponsored by IEEE Rebooting Computing in consultation with the IEEE Computer Society and ITRS.[56] IRDS will provide guidance on future trends in computer systems, architectures, software, chips, and other components across the entire computer industry, and is modeled on ITRS roadmaps that have previously guided the semiconductor industry during the Moore’s Law era. The first IRDS Roadmap is scheduled for release in the first quarter of 2018 on the IRDS Web Portal.[57] This follows preliminary presentation of the roadmap components at the IRDS Conference in Washington DC in November 2017,[58] as part of the Rebooting Computing Week set of events.[34]

Influence and impact

Through its summits, other educational efforts,[22] and engagement with government, IEEE Rebooting Computing initiative has begun to influence both the technology industry and national policy efforts. The initiative plans to extend this current sphere of influence by creating and releasing the IRDS Roadmap of Future Computing. This proposed roadmap will include development of performance benchmarks and standards for new classes of computer systems.[4]

Addressing roadblocks in future high-performance computing, also known as exascale computing, is a key area of focus for IEEE Rebooting Computing. The initiative has been actively pursuing and aiding the industry in making progress toward possible solutions such as specialized chip architectures, millivolt switches, and 3D integrated circuits, as noted by Dr. Erik DeBenedictis of Sandia National Laboratories in "Power Problems Threaten to Strangle Exascale Computing".[59]

In February 2015, IEEE Rebooting Computing Senior Program Director Bichlien Hoang and co-author Sin-Kuen Hawkins were received a "Best Presentation Award" for their paper, "How Will Rebooting Computing Help IoT". Presented at the 18th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN 2015) in Paris, France, the paper described IEEE Rebooting Computing's approach to addressing technical challenges generated by IoT other key computing trends.[18]

Media coverage

Media coverage of IEEE Rebooting Computing's efforts has increased. In May 2016, a New York Times feature article on the technological and economic implications of the ending of Moore’s Law quoted IEEE Rebooting Co-Chair, Professor Thomas M. Conte of the Georgia Institute of Technology as saying, "The end of Moore’s Law is what led to this. Just relying on the semiconductor industry is no longer enough. We have to shift and punch through some walls and break through some barriers."[60]

Among other publications reporting on IEEE Rebooting Computing activities are EE Times;[61] HPCWire;[19] IEEE Spectrum;[59] Inside HPC;[9] Scientific Computing;[3] SiliconANGLE;[62] and VR World.[63]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "About IEEE Rebooting Computing". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  2. ↑ "International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS)". IEEE Standards Association. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 DeBenedictis, Erik. Rebooting Supercomputing, Scientific Computing, April 10, 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Conte, T.; Gargini, P. (2015), On The Foundation Of The New Computing Industry Beyond 2020 (PDF), IEEE, International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS)
  5. ↑ Pretz, Kathy (March 2013). "The Future of Computing - New Rebooting Computing Working Group will tackle technological challenges" (PDF). The Institute. The Institute: 6–7. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  6. 1 2 Wedewer, Robin (December 2013). "IEEE Rebooting Computing Event Summary" (PDF). IEEE Rebooting Computing Event Summary. Washington, D.C.: The Wedewer Group. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  7. ↑ "The Summit". RebootingComputing.net. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  8. ↑ "RC Summits". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 "IEEE is Rebooting Computing for What Comes Next". Inside HPC. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  10. ↑ "About the IRDS - IEEE International Roadmap for Devices and Systems". irds.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  11. 1 2 "IEEE Rebooting Computing Supports National Strategic Computing Initiative" (PDF) (Press release). IEEE. September 1, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  12. ↑ Exec. Order No. 13702 (July 29, 2015; in English) President of the United States. Retrieved on October 21, 2015.
  13. 1 2 "A Nanotechnology-Inspired Grand Challenge in Future Computing". United States National Nanotechnology Initiative. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  14. ↑ "IEEE Rebooting Computing Responds to White House Nanotechnology Grand Challenge: "Sensible Machines" That are Smaller, Faster, and Lower Power". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  15. 1 2 Conte, Tom (January 2015), "A Time of Change" (PDF), Computer Magazine, IEEE Computer Society, 48 (01): 4–6, doi:10.1109/mc.2015.4, ISSN 0018-9162
  16. ↑ "A Nanotechnology-Inspired Grand Challenge for Future Computing". National Nanotechnology Initiative, Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  17. 1 2 Conte, Thomas; Track, Elie (May 5, 2015), "Computing Needs a Reboot", EE Times, retrieved October 28, 2015
  18. 1 2 Hawkins, Sin-Kuen; Hoang, Bichlien (February 2015). "How IEEE Rebooting Computing Will Help IoT" (PDF). ICIN 2015, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks. IEEE: 121–127. doi:10.1109/ICIN.2015.7073817. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  19. 1 2 Leopold, George. , HPC Wire, May 6, 2015.
  20. ↑ "IEEE Rebooting Computing Portal". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  21. ↑ "IEEE Rebooting Computing Technical Community". IEEE. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  22. 1 2 "Conferences and Events". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  23. ↑ "First Rebooting Computing Summit (RCS 1)". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Second Rebooting Computing Summit (RCS 2)". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  25. ↑ Kadin, Alan M. (June 2014). "2nd Rebooting Computing Summit Summary Report" (PDF). RCS2 Summary Report. Santa Cruz, CA: IEEE Rebooting Computing Committee. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  26. ↑ "Third Rebooting Computing Summit (RCS 3)". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  27. ↑ Kadin, Alan M. (October 2014). "RCS3 Rebooting Computing Summit Summary Report" (PDF). Rethinking Structures of Computation Summary Report. Scotts Valley, CA: IEEE Rebooting Computing Committee. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  28. ↑ "IEEE Rebooting Computing Summit 4 (RCS 4)" (PDF). IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Highlights of the 4th IEEE Rebooting Computing Summit (RCS4)". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  30. ↑ "IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  31. ↑ "IEEE Xplore - Conference Home Page". ieeexplore.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  32. ↑ "IEEE.tv Event Showcase: International Conference on Rebooting Computing ICRC 2016". ieeetv.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  33. ↑ "IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing". icrc.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  34. 1 2 "Rebooting Computing Week - IEEE Rebooting Computing". rebootingcomputing.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  35. ↑ "IEEE Industry Summit - IEEE Rebooting Computing". rebootingcomputing.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
  36. ↑ "IBM Announces Quantum Computing Breakthrough at IEEE Rebooting Computing Event". IEEE.tv. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
  37. ↑ "Low-Power Image Recognition Competition (LPIRC)" (PDF). IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  38. ↑ "Introducing the IEEE Low-Power Image Recognition Challenge (LPIRC), A Presentation From Purdue University". Embedded Vision Alliance. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  39. 1 2 3 "Low-Power Image Recognition Challenge (LPIRC)". LPIRC Organizing Committee. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  40. ↑ "Huawei Collaborates with Tsinghua University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences to Win a Total of Five Awards in the Low-Power Image Recognition Challenge" (Press release). Huawei. June 17, 2015. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  41. ↑ Lu, Yung-Hsiang; Kadin, Alan M.; Berg, Alexander C.; et al. (November 2, 2015). "Rebooting Computing and Low-Power Image Recognition Challenge" (PDF). ICCAD '15 Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. Association for Computing Machinery: 927–932. ISBN 978-1-4673-8389-9. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  42. ↑ "LPIRC - IEEE Rebooting Computing". rebootingcomputing.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  43. ↑ "CVPR2017". cvpr2017.thecvf.com. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  44. ↑ "LPIRC - IEEE Rebooting Computing". rebootingcomputing.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
  45. ↑ "Archived Articles and Videos". IEEE Rebooting Computing. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  46. ↑ Bhunia, Swarup; Hunter, Hillery C.; Mukhopadhyay, Saibal; Roy, Kaushik (March 2015). "Guest Editorial: Computing in Emerging Technologies". IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems. IEEE. 5: 1–4. doi:10.1109/JETCAS.2015.2403551. ISSN 2156-3357. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  47. ↑ Nikonov, Dmitri; Young, Ian A. (April 2, 2015). "Benchmarking of Beyond-CMOS Exploratory Devices for Logic Integrated Circuits" (PDF). IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits. IEEE. 1: 3–11. doi:10.1109/JXCDC.2015.2418033. ISSN 2329-9231. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  48. ↑ Narendra, Siva G.; Fujino, Laura C.; Smith, Kenneth C. (Winter 2015), "Through the Looking Glass — The 2015 Edition; Trends in Solid-State Circuits from ISSCC" (PDF), IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine, retrieved October 28, 2015
  49. ↑ "The Computer Chip That Never Forgets". IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  50. ↑ Tiwari, Sandip (August 2015). "Memories in the Future of Information Processing" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. IEEE. 103 (08): 1247–1249. doi:10.1109/jproc.2015.2448912. ISSN 0018-9219. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  51. ↑ Conte, Tom; DeBenedictis, Erik; Track, Elie (December 2015), "Rebooting Computing: New Strategies for Technology Scaling", Computer Magazine, IEEE Computer Society, 48 (12): 10–13, doi:10.1109/MC.2015.363, retrieved January 21, 2015
  52. ↑ Conte, Tom (November 2016). "Rebooting Computing: Developing a Roadmap for the Future of the Computer Industry". Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  53. ↑ Track, E.; Forbes, N.; Strawn, G. (2017-03-01). "The End of Moore's Law". Computing in Science Engineering. 19 (2): 4–6. doi:10.1109/MCSE.2017.25. ISSN 1521-9615.
  54. ↑ "ITRS Sponsors". ITRS 2.0. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  55. ↑ "IEEE Rebooting Computing Launches Initiative to Rethink the Computer" (PDF) (Press release). IEEE. March 4, 2015. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  56. ↑ "IEEE Rebooting Computing Initiative, Standards Association, and Computer Society Introduce New International Roadmap for Devices and Systems to Set the Course for End-to-End Computing" (PDF) (Press release). IEEE. May 4, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  57. ↑ "About the IRDS - IEEE International Roadmap for Devices and Systems". irds.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
  58. ↑ "IRDS Events - IEEE International Roadmap for Devices and Systems". irds.ieee.org. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
  59. 1 2 DeBenedictis, Erik (December 30, 2015). "Power Problems Threaten to Strangle Exascale Computing". IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  60. ↑ Markoff, John. Moore’s Law Running Out of Room, Tech Looks for a Successor, New York Times, May 4, 2016.
  61. ↑ Merritt, Rick. Chip Roadmap Reboots Under New Management, EE Times, May 3, 2016.
  62. ↑ Wheatley, Mike. The Internet of Things: A solution looking for a problem?, SiliconANGLE, May 4, 2016.
  63. ↑ Pascal Secrets: What Makes Nvidia GeForce GTX 1080 so Fast?, VR World, May 10, 2016.
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