History of MTA Maryland

The Maryland Transit Administration was originally known as the Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority, then the Maryland Mass Transit Administration before it changed to its current name in October 2001.[1] The MTA took over the operations of the old Baltimore Transit Company on April 30, 1970.[2]

A former no. 8 streetcar, the predecessor to bus Route 8, at the Baltimore Streetcar Museum. This vehicle is now used to give rides to visitors.
An 1896 open car in operation at the Baltimore Streetcar Museum

Many routes of the agency's current bus lines are based on the original streetcars operated by the Baltimore Transit Company and its parent companies between the 1890s and 1960s. All of these routes were ultimately converted to rubber tire bus operations, and many were consolidated, extended into newly developed areas, or otherwise reconfigured to keep up with the ridership demands of the times.[2] Additional routes and extensions were added in later years to serve newly developed communities and to feed into Metro and Light Rail stations.

With the growth in popularity of the private automobile during the 20th century, streetcar and bus ridership declined, and the needs for public transportation changed. Mass transit in Baltimore and other cities shifted from a corporate operation to a tax-subsidized, state-run service. The amount of service provided was greatly reduced. Some areas once served by streetcars are now served minimally by buses or not at all.[2]

The demise of the Baltimore streetcar took place between the years of 1947 and 1963, as operators found buses to be low maintenance and more cost-efficient. With its rails demolished, Baltimore was no longer a streetcar city. As transit needs and trends changed, rail transit did return to the city, with the Metro Subway opening in 1983 and the Light Rail in 1992.[2]

The track gauge was 5 ft 4 12 in (1,638 mm).[3][4] This track gauge is now confined to the Baltimore Streetcar Museum.

Parent companies

The following bus companies operated many of the services later provided by the Maryland Transit Administration:

Baltimore Transit Company

The Baltimore Transit Company (BTCO) was a privately owned public transit operator that provided streetcar and bus service in Baltimore from 1935. The company was purchased in 1948 by National City Lines and the streetcar system was then run down in favour of buses, a process repeated in many places, which became known as the Great American Streetcar Scandal. The last streetcar ran in 1963.[5] BTCO was absorbed by what is now the Maryland Transit Administration in 1970. The BTC oversaw the elimination of streetcar service in favor of bus service in 1963 when the last streetcar routes, the number 8 providing service from Catonsville to Towson and the number 15 (Overlea to Walbrook Junction) were eliminated.

In the midst of the Civil Rights Movement, the BTCO fired a white bus driver who claimed to be the Grand Wizard of the Baltimore Ku Klux Klan. A labor arbitrator ruled in favor of BTCO in this firing, which was in part spurred by other white drivers threatening to strike if the man was not dismissed.[6]

Old Court Bus Lines

Old Court Bus Lines was a service that provided van transport in northwest Baltimore County.[7] Its lines served places including Stevenson and Villa Julie College. These services have been provided by MTA since 1973, though much of them have been cut back or modified. Bus Route 60 serves Stevenson University, which used to be known as Villa Julie.

Rosedale Passenger Lines

Operated service in eastern Baltimore County.[7] Most of its services later became a part of Bus Route 23. The only one still provided by MTA is service to Victory Villa, on Route 4.

Dundalk Bus Lines

Dundalk Bus Lines provided service in various parts of southeast Baltimore County between 1940 and 1972.[8] MTA serves some of these areas with Bus Route 4.

McMahon Services

Operated in northeast Baltimore County. The only route incorporated by MTA was Route 19A,[7] which later became known as Route 105. Discontinued in 2005.

Job Express Transit

Operated several routes during the 1960s. Most notably, Route H became known as the #7 Rosewood Express serving Rosewood Center for more than 30 years. The #7 Rosewood Express service ultimately became Route 102 in 2000, and was absorbed by Route M-17 in 2005. Route M-17, along with this service, was eliminated in 2009.

Auxiliary Bus Lines

Operated some of the routes around the city, such as what is now Route 51.

Former bus routes

Route Major Streets Places Served Years of operation Replaced by Notes
2
Fox Ridge to
Overlea
Rossville Boulevard
Kenwood Avenue
Golden Ring Mall
Franklin Square Hospital
Essex Community College
Rosedale
1972–1977 Route 55
2
Catonsville to
City Hall
Rolling Road
Frederick Road
Pratt Street
Lombard Street
Yale Heights
B&O Railroad Museum
1982–2005 Route 10 Combined with Route 10 as part of GBBI to provide single-seat crosstown service
6
Wagner's Point to
Roland Park
East Monument
Hanover Street
St. Paul Street
Roland Avenue
Monument Street
Curtis Bay
Federal Hill
Charles Village
Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins Hospital
1948–1977 Routes 61, 62, 63 (now Route 64), and 64 Was split into four routes. Service today is provided in the Roland Park area by Route 61 (peak hours only), in East Baltimore on Route 35, and south of downtown on Route 64.
6
Eastpoint to
Ft. Howard
North Point Road North Point
Edgemere
1997–1998 not replaced Previously, Ft. Howard had been served by other routes including the #26 Streetcar, Bus Route 9, and the current Bus Route 4. Route 4 service was eliminated in 1993 and replaced by a private contractor. Route 6 restored MTA service there in 1997, but was eliminated a year later.
6
Edmondson Village to
Cedonia
Baltimore Street
Federal Street
Sinclair Lane
Cedonia Avenue
Downtown Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Hospital
2008-2010 Routes 30, 46 West side service replaced with a new Route 30, which also serves part of the route of current Route 10. Eastside service replaced with Route 46 Quickbus.
9
Catonsville to
Ellicott City
Frederick Road Oella 1955–1957 not replaced at time Route 150 provides service between Baltimore and Ellicott City during peak hours
9
Sparrows Point to
Ft. Howard
North Point Road Edgemere 1971–1973 Routes 4, 10
(service
not provided now)
12
Westview/
Essex to
Downtown
U.S. Route 40
Interstate 95
Catonsville
Essex
1972–1991 Routes 150, 160 Route 12 was the designation for express routes from both the western and eastern suburbs. The route was redesignated in 1991.
12
North Linthicum Light Rail Stop to
Parkway Center
Nursery Road
Hammonds Ferry Road
Camp Meade Road
Aviation Boulevard
Dorsey Road
Linthicum
BWI Airport
BWI Amtrak
1993–1996 Route 17 Route 12 was formed in 1993 as a replacement for Route 230, which was eliminated in conjunction with the opening of the south end of the Light Rail. It also served a part of Route 17, which had been rerouted at the time. In 1996, Routes 12 and 17 were combined, with portions of both routes eliminated and not replaced.
15A
Kingsville, Perry Hall or White Marsh to Downtown Baltimore
Overlea Belair Road 1973–1991 Route 43 (now Route 15) Was redesignated as Route 43 in 1991. Route 43 Kingsville service was merged into Route 15 in 1992. Route 43 White Marsh service was merged into Route 66 at the same time, but Route 66 was eliminated in 1993, and White Marsh service became a part of Route 15. Service between Overlea and White Marsh Mall/White Marsh Town Center is now provided by Route 58.
16
Odenton/Ft. Meade/BWI Airport to
Downtown
Aviation Boulevard
Dorsey Road
BWI Airport
BWI Amtrak
Route 230
(now Route 17 and other agencies)
16
North Linthicum Light Rail Stop to
Ft. Meade
Baltimore-Washington Parkway express service 1993–1995 Private carrier (now other agencies) Connect-a-ride Route K provides service to Ft. Meade from Arundel Mills
18
Hereford/Warren Road
Timonium Park-and-Ride to
Downtown
York Road
Interstate 83
Cockeysville
Timonium
1973–1992 Light Rail Express trips were discontinued in 1992 along with the opening of the Light Rail. The Route 18 designation was used as a Timonium-Hunt Valley shuttle starting on that day, but it was later discontinued.
18
Timonium Light Rail Stop to Hunt Valley Mall
York Road Cockeysville 1992-1993 Route 9 Route nearly duplicated Route 9
18
Cromwell Light Rail Stop to Old Mill
Oakwood Road
Elvaton Road
Old Mill Road
Glen Burnie 1993–1996 not replaced In 1995, service after 7 pm was discontinued. In 1996, line was completely discontinued due to low ridership.
24
Pimlico Park and Ride
1974–1984 Metro Subway
24
Brooklyn to Curtis Bay
Patapsco Avenue 1986–1987 Route 22 (now Route 16)
26
Sparrows Point to Highlandtown
Eastern Avenue
Dundalk Avenue
1958–1959 Route 10 (no Sparrows Point service) This route has recently been resurrected to serve between Downtown Baltimore and Dundalk Marine Terminal, including the new Amazon Distribution Facility on Holabird Avenue.[9]
26
Providence Road Park-and-Ride to Downtown Baltimore
express service Towson 1976–1993 Shuttle to Light Rail Was an express service that operated through Towson, then downtown via I=-83. In 1992, along with the Light Rail opening, the number of trips were cut in half. In 1993, all express service was discontinued. A shuttle was formed in response to protests to total elimination.
26
Providence Road Park-and-Ride to Lutherville Light Rail Stop
Fairmount Avenue
Seminary Avenue
Ridgely Road
Towson Town Center
Hampton
1993–1995 not replaced
27
Washington Boulevard line
Washington Boulevard Pigtown 1957–1959 Route 11 Merged into Route 11. Service is provided by Route 36.
28
Randallstown to Cherry Hill/Baltimore Highlands
Liberty Road/Liberty Heights Avenue
Eutaw Street/Place
Mondawmin
Reservoir Hill
Bolton Hill
1947–2001 Routes 5
27
29
91
M-1
M-6
In 1984, service west of Mondawmin was replaced with "M-lines" during Metro's hours. In 1993, service south of the Cherry Hill Light Rail Stop was replaced with Routes 29 and 30 (which has since been replaced by Route 51).

In 1996, all Monday-Saturday service was discontinued. Route 5 was modified to replace service in Reservoir Hill, Route 27 was extended to Cherry Hill, and service elsewhere on the route was provided already by other existing lines.

In 2001, the remaining service on Sunday was discontinued when M-lines started to operate on Sundays.
29
Roland Park to Downtown Baltimore
Roland Avenue
University Parkway
St. Paul Street
Charles Village
Johns Hopkins University
1947–1959 Route 6
(now 61)
29
Timonium Park-and-Ride to Downtown Baltimore
I-83 express service 1983–1988 Route 18 (now Light Rail)
30
Clement and Charles to Charles St. & North Avenue
Fremont Avenue Bolton Hill
Ridgely's Delight
1950–1993 not replaced In 1992, service on this route was cut in half. When discontinued in 1993, no replacement service on route was provided, but other buses operate near entire route.
30
Cherry Hill Light Rail Stop to Patapsco Light Rail Stop
Hollins Ferry Road Mt. Winans
Baltimore Highlands
1993–2001 Route 51 Merged into Route 51
Route 30
  • Bush Street
    (1)
  • Eastern
    (2)
Baltimore/Fayette Streets-Eastern Avenue Line
31
Halethorpe to Penn Station
Wilkens Avenue UMBC
St. Agnes Hospital
1987–2005 Routes 35 and 77 Service between UMBC and downtown merged into Route 35 in 2005 as part of GBBI. Service between UMBC and Halethorpe replaced by Route 77.
32
Randallstown to Downtown Baltimore
Milford Mill
Howard Park
Liberty Heights Avenue 1955–1959 Route 28 Routes 52 and 54 provide service on Liberty Road/Heights Avenue
32
Hillen Road Park-and-Ride to Downtown Baltimore
Waverly
Charles Village
Perring Parkway
Hillen Road
33rd Street
St. Paul Street
Calvert Street
1979–1982 not replaced; Route 3 operates nearby
33
Milton Street 1950–1954 Route 13
34
North & Washington to Canton/Highlandtown
Fells Point Wolfe Street
Eastern Avenue
1950–1975 Routes 10 and 13
35
Lorraine to Walbrook Junction
Windsor Hills Forest Park Avenue 1954–1966 Route 15
35
UMBC to Catonsville Community College
Wilkens Avenue
Rolling Road
1966 College operated shuttles Route 77 provides service between UMBC and CCBC Catonsville
35
Garrison Boulevard to Morgan State University
Arington
Roland Park
Homeland
Coldspring Lane 1968–1969 Route 33
37
Randallstown to Cherry Hill
Milford Mill
Lochearn
Howard Park
Mondawmin
Reservoir Hill
Bolton Hill
Westport
Liberty Heights Avenue
Eutaw Street
Russell Street
1947–1974 Route 28 (now Routes 54, 52, 5, 91, and 27) No. 37 designation was specifically reserved for trips on the route of bus no. 28 going to Cherry Hill
38
Sparrows Point to Ft. Howard
1951–1952 Dundalk Bus Lines (service not provided now)
40
Pikesville to Glyndon
Owings Mills
Reisterstown
Reisterstown Road 1948–1951 Route M Routes 56 and 59 operate along this route
43
Kingsville/White Marsh to Downtown Baltimore
Overlea Belair Road 1990–1992 Route 15
44X
Springlake Way & Bellona Avenue to Overlea
Hamilton Northern Parkway 1970–1990 Route 66 Route 58 now serves this area, and Route 55 covers the portion of this line between McLean Boulevard and Overlea.
45
Baynesille to Waverly
Loch Raven Boulevard 1949–1956 Route 3
46
Clipper Mill to Hampden
Union Avenue 1949–1970 Route 22 (now Route 98)
47
Cheswolde to Downtown
Cross Country Boulevard 1950–1989 not replaced Riders directed to take bus to Metro. Route 58 serves area and connects to Metro and Light Rail.
52
Lansdowne to Morrell Park
Washington Boulevard
Hammonds Ferry Road
1948–1957 Route 27 Now served by Route 36
53
Parkville to Carney
Harford Road 1948–1956 Route 19
54
Randallstown to Gwynn Oak Junction
Milford Mill
Lochearn
Sudbrook Park
Liberty Road
Milford Mill Road
1948–1955 Route 32 Served by routes 52 and new Route 54 (unrelated)
55 North Point Road 1948–1952 Dundalk Bus Lines (now Route 4)
56
Murray Hill to Bedford Square
Homeland
Roland Park
Charles Street 1948–1953 Route 11
57
Old York Rd. & 33rd St. to Harford Rd.
Waverly Gorsuch Avenue 1947–1975 not replaced (close to Route 22 and other routes)
58
Brighton to Greenspring Manor
Fallstaff Cross Country Boulevard 1948–1975 Route 44 (now new Route 58)
58
Reisterstown Road Plaza to Mt. Washington
Pikesville Smith Avenue 1976–1978 not immediately replaced (served now by current Route 58 and Route 60)
58A
Reisterstown Road Plaza to Greenwood
Pikesville
Villa Julie College
Stevenson Road
Greenspring Valley Road
1973–1975 Route 5 (later Metro connection routes; service to Stevenson University (formerly Villa Julie) is now provided by Route 60; service on Stevenson Road is not provided.)
59
Ponca & Holabird to Colgate Warehouses
1948–1953 not replaced
61
Pier 6 Parking Lot to Preston Street Parking Lot
Downtown Baltimore Howard Street
Saratoga Street
1946–1949 not replaced
62
Hollander Ridge to Inner Harbor
Armistead Gardens
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Pulaski Highway
Madison/Monument
1977–2000 Route 35
63
Curtis Bay to Davison Chemical
Pennington Avenue 1948–1951 Route 6 (now Route 64; no service to Davison Chemical since 1993)
63
Riviera Beach to
Downtown (1977–1993)
Patapsco Light Rail Stop (1993–1996)
Ft. Smallwood Road
Pennington Avenue
1977–1996 Route 64
65
Patapsco Light Rail Stop to Wagner's Point
Patapsco Avenue
Frankfurst Avenue
2003–2005 not replaced
66
Bellona and Springlake to Overlea
Hamilton Northern Parkway 1991–1993 Routes 36, 55 and current Route 58
67
Howardsville Station to Pleasant Street
Sudbrook Park
Pikesville
Reisterstown Road 1956–1968 not replaced (Metro Subway serves route)
68
Walbrook Junction to Windsor Hills
Forest Park
Dickeyville Historic District
Forest Park Avenue 2003–2007 Route 15 Provided local service to Windsor Hills while Forest Park Avenue bridge over Gwynns Falls was being replaced
70
Fallsway Park-and-Ride shuttle
Downtown Baltimore 1990–1992 not replaced
71
Charles Center Metro Subway Station to Johns Hopkins Metro Subway Station
1988–1995 Metro Subway extended to Hopkins in 1995
73
Penn Station to Downtown Baltimore
MARC shuttle 1991 not replaced
76
Towson shuttle
1985–1990 not replaced
86
various locations to Social Security
various routes 1960–2005 not replaced; riders directed to use other lines
87
North & Milton to Social Security
West Baltimore North Avenue
Edmondson Avenue
1985–1990 not replaced; riders directed to use other lines
102
Rosewood Center to Fremont Avenue
Rosewood Lane
Reisterstown Road
Park Heights Avenue
Pennsylvania Avenue
Fremont Avenue
Owings Mills
Pikesville
Park Heights
2001–2005 Route M-17 (now completely defunct)
M-1
Mondawmin Metro Subway Station to Milford Mill
Baltimore City Community College
Howard Park
Gwynn Oak
Lochearn
Liberty Heights Avenue/Liberty Road 1984–2009 Redesignated Route 52; no routing changes made
M-2
Mondawmin Metro Subway Station to Old Court Metro Subway Station
Park Heights
Reisterstown Road Plaza
Pikesville
Reisterstown Road
Old Court Road
1984–2009 Redesignated Route 53; no routing changes made
M-3
Penn-North Metro Subway Station to Milford Mill Metro Subway Station
Park Heights
Pimlico Race Course
Druid Hill Park
Mondawmin
Park Heights Avenue
Slade Avenue
1984–2009 Route 54 Originally started at Mondawmin Station
M-5
Rogers Avenue Metro Subway Station to Towson
Cheswolde
Mt. Washington
Ruxton
Glen Avenue
Greenspring Avenue
Smith Avenue
Falls Road
Ruxton Road
Bellona Avenue
Joppa Road
1987–1992 Route M-10 (now provided by Route 58 between Reisterstown Plaza Station and Mt. Washington)
M-6
Rogers Avenue Metro Subway Station to Security Square Mall
Howard Park
Woodlawn
Social Security Administration
Gwynn Oak Avenue
Woodlawn Drive
1987–2009 Redesignated Route 57; no routing changes made
M-8
Rogers Avenue Metro Subway Station to Randallstown
Milford Mill
Northwest Hospital
Milford Mill Road
Liberty Road
1987–2009 Route 54
M-9
Reisterstown Plaza Metro Subway Station to Glyndon
Pikesville
Garrison
Owings Mills
Reisterstown Road
Painters Mill Road
1987–2008 Routes 56 and 59
M-10
Reisterstown Plaza Metro Subway Station to Villa Julie College
Cheswolde
Fallstaff
Ranchleigh
Mt. Washington
Greenspring Station
Clarks Lane
Glen Avenue
Greenspring Avenue
Smith Avenue
Falls Road
1987–2008 Routes 58 and 60
M-12
Milford Mill Metro Subway Station to Greenwood/Caves Road
Stevenson
Villa Julie College
Stevenson Road
Greenspring Valley Road
Park Heights Avenue
1987–2005 Service to Villa Julie replaced by Route M-10 (now Route 60). Service to other parts of line not replaced.
M-13
Milford Mill Metro Subway Station to Milford Mill/Bellemore Farms
Milford Mill Road
Scotts Level Road
1987–1988 Route M-1
M-15
Randallstown to Pikesville/Owings Mills
Liberty Road
Old Court Road
Reisterstown Road
1987–1992 Route M-9, other existing routes
M-16
Owings Mills Metro Subway Station to Reisterstown
Reisterstown Road 1987–1997 Route M-9 (now Route 56)
M-17
Owings Mills Metro Subway Station to Owings Mills Town Center
1987–1992 Routes M-9 and M-16 (now Routes 56 and 59)
M-17
Owings Mills Metro Subway Station to Business Center at Owings Mills
Rosewood Center Red Run Boulevard 1997–2009 59 replaced service on Red Run; no replacement for Rosewood service
P-1
Reisterstown Plaza Metro Subway Station to Reisterstown
Pikesville
Owings Mills
Reisterstown Road 1984–1987 Routes M-9 and M-16 (now Routes 56 and 59)
P-2
Reisterstown Plaza Metro Subway Station to Caves Road
Stevenson Stevenson Road
Park Heights Avenue
1984–1987 Route M-12 (service not provided on this route)
P-3
Reisterstown Plaza Metro Subway Station to Greenwood
Stevenson
Villa Julie College
Stevenson Road
Greenspring Valley Road
1984–1987 Route M-12 (service to Villa Julie provided by Route 60). Service to other parts of line not provided now.)
P-4
Reisterstown Plaza Metro Subway Station to Owings Mills Mall
Pikesville Reisterstown Road
Painters Mill Road
1984–1987 Route M-9 (now Route 59)
P-5
Reisterstown Plaza Metro Subway Station to Halcyon Gate
Stevenson Road 1984–1987 Route M-12 (service not provided on this route)
P-6
Reisterstown Plaza Metro Subway Station to Bellemore Farms
Sudbrook Park Milford Mill Road
Scotts Level Road
1984–1987 Route M-13
P-7
Reisterstown Plaza Metro Subway Station to Ranchleigh
Fallstaff Clarks Lane 1984–1987 Route M-10 (now Route 60)
R-2
Rogers Avenue Metro Subway Station to Mt. Washington
Cheswolde Glen Avenue
Greenspring Avenue
Smith Avenue
1984–1987 Route M-5 (now Route 58)
R-3
Rogers Avenue Metro Subway Station to Social Security
Howard Park
Gwynn Oak
Woodlawn
Gwynn Oak Avenue 1984–1987 Route M-6
R-4
Rogers Avenue Metro Subway Station to Randallstown
Milford Mill
Northwest Hospital
Liberty Road 1984–1987 Route M-8 (now Route 54)
A
Charles Village to Downtown
Johns Hopkins University
Penn Station
Charles Street 1915–1947 Route 11
B Mt. Royal Avenue 1922–1947 Routes 28 and 37 (no buses operate on Mt. Royal Avenue; Route 91 operates closest of all parallel routes)
C Waverly The Alameda 1924–1943 not replaced (other buses operate nearby)
D Rosemont Bentalou Street 1923–1948 Route 51
E
Randallstown to Gwynn Oak Avenue
Lochearn
Howard Park
Liberty Road 1931–1948 Route 54
F Patterson Park Chester Street 1924–1950 Route 33 (now Route 13)
G Butcher's Hill Fayette Street 1925–1949 Route 17 (now provided by several routes, not including current Route 17)
H North Point North Point Road 1925–1948 Route 55 (now provided by Route 4)
I Arlington
Rosemont
Monroe Street
Dolfield Road
1925–1948 Route 51
J
Morrell Park to Lansdowne
Washington Boulevard 1927–1948 Route 52 (now provided by Route 36)
K Mt. Winans Hollins Ferry Road 1927–1947 Route 28 (now Route 51)
L Reisterstown Road 1929–1948 Route 7 (now Route M-2)
M
Pikesville to Glyndon
Owings Mills
Reisterstown
Reisterstown Road 1932–1948 Route 5/7 (now Routes 56 and Route 59)
N West Baltimore Street 1932–1948 Route 20
O Charles Street 1931–1947 Route 11
P Eastern Boulevard 1933–1950 Route 23
Q
Halethorpe to Downtown
Wilkens Avenue 1935–1948 Route 12 (now Route 35)
R
Parkville to Carney
Harford Road 1936–1948 Route 53 (now Route 19)
S
Liberty Heights to Bank&Grundy
Druid Park Drive
Erdman Avenue
Edison Highway
Woodberry
Waverly
1937–1947 Route 22
T
Waverly to Northwood
Loch Raven Boulevard 1940–1947 Route 3
U
Mannasota to Mayfield
Shuttle service 1940–1948 Route 50
V Armistead Gardens 1941–1948 Route 6 (now Route 33)
W 1942–1945 Route J
X
Curtis Bay to Davison Chemical
Hawkins Point Road 1946–1950 Route 63 (now Route 64)


References

  1. "Department of Transportation: Historical Evolution". Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "A Concise History of Baltimore's Transit". Baltimore Transit Archives. Archived from the original on 2002-04-08. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  3. "Railroad Gauge Width". Паровоз ИС. Российский железнодорожный портал. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2007.
  4. Hilton, George W.; Due, John Fitzgerald (January 1, 2000). The Electric Interurban Railways in America. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4014-2. Retrieved June 10, 2014. Worst of all, not all city systems were built to the standard American and European gauge of 4'-8 12". Pittsburgh and most other Pennsylvania cities used 5'-2 12", which became known as the Pennsylvania trolley gauge. Cincinnati used 5'-2 12", Philadelphia 5'-2 14", Columbus 5'-2", Altoona 5'-3", Louisville and Camden 5'-0", Canton and Pueblo 4'-0", Denver, Tacoma, and Los Angeles 3'-6", Toronto an odd 4'-10 78", and Baltimore a vast 5'-4 12".
  5. "A Brief History of Baltimore Streetcars". Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. In 1949, the National City Lines holding company gained control of BTCO. The NCL has long been accused of being a major player in the so-called 'Great American streetcar scandal', in which front organizations for bus manufactures, tire companies and oil suppliers acquired and dismantled streetcar systems in order to replace them with buses. Soon after the NCL takeover, BTCO began to replace streetcar and trolleybus lines with conventional buses. The 1950s saw decline of the once extensive system, as NCL cut back on service and car maintenance.
  6. "Firm Upheld on Firing Klan Driver". Pittsburgh Courier. August 13, 1966.
  7. 1 2 3 Baltimore MTA Bus "Anamolies" Baltimore Transit Archives. Retrieved 2010-04-26
  8. Gary Helton (2008). Baltimore's Streetcars and Buses. Aracadia Publishing. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-7385-5369-6. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
  9. http://mta.maryland.gov/share-bus-overview?bus_service=Local+Bus&route=Route+26
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