List of battles of Rajasthan

Several significant battles are recorded to have taken place in what is now known as Rajasthan.

Against the Arabs

Against the Ghurids

Against the Sultanates of Delhi,Gujarat and Malwa

  • Siege of Ranthambore (1226) - Iltutmish captured the fort in 1226 CE.[4]
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1236) - Vagbhata Chauhan recaptured Ranthambore during the reign of the Delhi ruler Razia.[4]
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1248) - Vagabhata Chauhan successfully defended the fort against Nasir ud din Mahmud.[4]
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1253) - Vagbhata Chauhan repelled another invasion from the Mamluks.[4]
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1259) -Nasir ud din Mahmud captured Ranthambore from Jaitrasingh Chauhan.
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1283) -Shakti Dev Chauhan recaptured Ranthambore from the Mamluks.
  • Battle of Ranthambore (1290) - Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji attacked Hammir deo because of his rising power. Jalaludin's forces were defeated by Hammir.
  • Siege of Jaisalmer (1294-1295) - Alauddin Khalji commanded the Khilji army under Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji and plundered Jaisalmer after a siege that lasted for a year. For some years afterwards Jaisalmer remained abandoned before the surviving Bhatis reoccupied it.[5]
  • Siege of Ranthombore (1301) – Hammiradeva defeated Alauddin Khalji's generals Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan; later, Alauddin defeated Hammiradeva.
  • Siege of Chittor (1303) – Alauddin Khalji defeated Rawal Ratan Singh.
  • Siege of Siwana (1308) – Malik Kamaluddin a general of Alauddin Khalji defeated Sheetal deo.
  • Battle of Jalore (1310–11) – Alauddin Khalji defeated Kanhad deo after a long and bloody war.[6]
  • Battle of Chittor (1321) - Rana Hammir Singh defeated Maldev Songara, a vassal of the Tughlaq dynasty and recovered Mewar.[7]
  • Battle of singoli – Rana Hammir Singh defeated An Army led by one of Muhammad bin Tughluq General and annexed Ajmer, Ranthambhore, Nagor and Shivapuri.[8]
  • Battle of Sirohi (1434) - Rana Kumbha defeated Rao Sahasmal Deora and captured Basaritgarh, Bhula and areas of Abu.[9]
  • Siege of Mandalgarh (1435-6) - Rana Kumbha captured Mandalgarh fort from Rao Bairisal Hada. [10]
  • Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas (1442-1446) - A series of battles that took place between Mahmud Khalji of Malwa and Rana Kumbha of Mewar. bloodied by these engagements the Sultan did not attack Mewar for another ten years.[11][12]
  • Siege of Gagron (February 1444) - Sultan Mahmud besieged Gagron which belonged to Palhan Singh Khichi. Rana Kumbha had sent reinforcements under his commander Dahir, but Dahir died in battle and Palhan was killed by bhils while fleeing from the fort. [13]
  • Siege of Mandore (1454) - Rao Jodha recaptured Mandore from Rana Kumbha.[14]
  • Battle of Abu (1455) - Qutbuddin sent Imadul Mulk to invade Mewar through Abu, but Imadul suffered heavy losses against the Mewari soldiers posted on the hills and was immediately called back.[15]
  • Battle of Nagaur (1456) - Rana Kumbha defeated the combined armies of Shams Khan (sultan of Nagaur) and Qutbuddin (Sultan of Gujarat) and captured Nagaur, Kasili, Khandela and shakambhari.[16]
  • Battle of Mandalgarh (1456) - Sultan Mahmud attacked Mandalgarh, he sent 7 detachments to attack the Rana from multiple directions. The Malwa forces under Taj Khan and Ali Khan suffered heavy losses in battle against Rana Kumbha after which Mahmud retreated the next morning.[17]
  • Siege of Mandalgarh (December 1456-October 1457) - In December Rana Kumbha was forced to move north to confront the sultan of Gujarat, Sultan Mahmud once again attacked Mandalgarh and captured it after a siege. [18]
  • Siege of Kumbalgarh (1458-9) - Sultan Mahmud besieged Kumbalgarh but finding the fort too strong he retreated back to Mandu. [19]
  • Battle of ?? (1467) - Sultan Mahmud invaded Mewar and fought a battle with Rana Kumbha, but retreated after taking heavy losses. This was the last battle fought between the two rivals.[20]
  • Battle of Peepar (1492) - Rao Satal defeated Gudhla Khan, an Afghan general and rescued 140 maidens that had been captured. Rao Satal himself died that night of the wounds received in the battle.[21]
  • Battle of Khatoli (1518) – Rana Sanga defeated Ibrahim Lodhi.
  • Battle of Dholpur (1519) - Rana Sanga defeated Ibrahim Lodhi.
  • Battle of Gagron (1519) – Rana Sanga defeated Mahmud Khalji of Malwa.
  • Siege of Mandsaur (1520) - Sultan Muzaffar Shah II sent an army under Malik Ayaz but failed and retreated to Gujarat.[22]
  • Battle of Khanwa (1527) - Rana Sanga led the Rajput armies against Babur of Ferghana, but was defeated due to treachery by Silhadi of Raisen.
  • Battle of Sohaba (1542) – Rao Maldev killed Rao Jaitsi in battle and captured Bikaner.[23]
  • Battle of Sammel (1544) – Sher Shah Suri's Pyrrhic victory against the army of Jaita and Kumpa.[24]
  • Battle of Jodhpur (July 1555) - Rao Maldev defeated the local Afghan garrison in Marwar and reoccupied his lost territories.[25]
  • Battle of Harmada (1557) - Maldeo Rathore defeated Udai Singh II and captured Merta.[26][27]

Against the Mughal Empire

Post Mughal rule

  • Battle of Gangwana (1741) - 1,000 Rathor cavaliers of Bhakt Singh fought a combined army of a 100,000 men consisting of Mughals, Kachwahas, Chauhans, Jadauns and Jats. In this battle Bhakt Singh was defeated but his cavalry charge killed and injured thousands of his foes. Sir Jadunath Sarkar quotes that - "the battle front was like tigers upon a flock of sheep". According to Harcharandas more than 12,000 men were slain in the battlefield.[46][47][48]
  • Battle of Rajmahal (1747) - Ishwari Singh Kachwaha defeated Khande Rao Holkar.[49]
  • Battle of Bagru (1748) - Ishwari Singh Kachwaha supported by Jats under Suraj Mal defeated by Madho Singh I who was supported by the Marathas under Malhar Rao Holkar.[50]
  • Battle of Raona (1750) - The Mughal Empire invaded Marwar but were repelled by the armies of Raja Ram singh Rathore and Ishwari Singh Kachwaha.[51]
  • Battle of Luniawas (1750)- Bhakt Singh defeated and usurped the throne of Marwar from his nephew Ram Singh.[52]
  • Battle of Maonda and Mandholi (1767) - Jaipur forces defeat the forces of Bharatpur.[53]
  • Battle of Kama (1768) - Madho Singh I invaded Bharatpur at the head of 16,000 men where he defeated jat leader Jawahar Singh again on 29 February 1768.[54][55]
  • Battle of Tunga or Battle of Lalsot (1787) - Combined forces of Jaipur and Jodhpur defeated Maratha forces of Mahadaji Shinde.[56]
  • Battle of Patan (1790) - The Battle of Patan was fought on 20 June 1790 between the Scindia's of Gwalior and the Kachwahas of Jaipur, and resulted in a decisive Scindia victory.
  • Battle of Merta (1790) - Mahadaji Scindia defeated Maharaja Vijay Singh.
  • Battle of Malpura (1800) - Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh was defeated by Daulat Rao Sindhia[57]
  • Siege of Mehrangarh (1806) - Man Singh of Marwar defeated the invading armies of Jaipur, Mewar and Bikaner so comprehensively that Jagat Singh of Jaipur had to pay a sum of Rs. 2,00,000 to secure his safe passage. In honour of Man Singhs victory over Jaipur the Jai Pol, or victory gate was built in the fort in 1808.
  • Battle of Auwa (8 September 1857) - Kushal Singh Rathore defeated a force of local levies raised by Raja Takht Singh of Jodhpur, who was loyal to the British.[58]
  • Battle of Narnaul (16 November 1857) - Kushal Singh Rathore embarked on a march towards Delhi via Marwar Junction and Rewari. The British sent from Delhi a force commanded by Colonel Gerrard, to intercept them. On 16 November 1857, a battle took place at Narnaul where Gerard's force defeated Kushal Singh. However, Gerrard suffered mortal wounds during the pursuit and subsequently died.[59]
  • Siege of Auwa (1857-1858) - Kushal singh Rathore, a noble of Jodhpur joined the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British Empire, he killed captain Mason and defeated a British army of 2,000 men under brigadier Lawrence. Another army of 30,000 men under colonel Holmes forced Kushal Singh to retreat to his fort in Auwa. Holmes besieged the Auwa fort and breached it after 6 months of siege. Kushal Singh was able to escape to Udaipur. Auwa was then confiscated by the British until the death of Kushal Singh in 1864.[60]

References

  1. ↑ Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956, pp. 131-132.
  2. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 138.
  3. ↑ R. B. Singh 1964, p. 259.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Sen 1999, p. 336.
  5. ↑ Beny & Matheson, p. 149.
  6. ↑ Maheshwari, Hiralal (1980). History of Rajasthani Literature. Sahitya Akademi. p. 17.
  7. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  8. ↑ R. C. Majumdar, ed. (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultante (2nd ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 70.
  9. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 36.
  10. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 5.
  11. ↑ A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books.
  12. ↑ Har Bilas Sarda "Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar" pg 47
  13. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 4.
  14. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 30.
  15. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 18.
  16. ↑ A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 116–117
  17. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 9.
  18. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 11.
  19. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 12.
  20. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 12.
  21. ↑ Indian States a biographical, sustainable and administrative survey by jw solomon
  22. ↑ The Hindupat, the Last Great Leader of the Rajput Race. 1918. Reprint. London pg 84-86
  23. ↑ Rajasthan pg.70 by Dharmpal
  24. ↑ Tarikh -i Daudi Farid bin Hasan Sur entitled Shir Shah fol 114
  25. ↑ Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). History of Medieval India, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0364-5, p.43
  26. ↑ Akbarnama II pg 72
  27. ↑ Jodhpur Khyat pg 76
  28. ↑ Akbarnama II pg 46
  29. ↑ Studies in Mughal History pg 91 by Ashwini Agrawal
  30. ↑ Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II pg-120, by Satish Chandra
  31. ↑ Maharana Pratap Singh
  32. ↑ Maharana Pratap: Embodiment of courage and bravery
  33. ↑ http://haldighati.com/maharana-pratap
  34. ↑ Rajsamand (2001), District Gazetteers, Rajasthan, p. 35, The battle of Dewar was fought in a valley of Arvali about 40 km north -east of Kumbhalgarh. ... Prince Amar Singh fought valiantly and pierced through Sultan Khan and the horse he was riding.
  35. ↑ A military history of medieval India, 2003, p. 530, Prince Pravez and Asaf Khan led an army of 20,000 horse which fought a battle against Rana Amar Singh at Dewar
  36. ↑ The Cambridge History of India pg 248-304
  37. ↑ Maharana Raj Singh and His Times By Ram Sharma
  38. ↑ Storia do Mogor By Niccolao Manucci
  39. ↑ Cambridge history of India pg. 304
  40. ↑ Irvine, p. 47.
  41. ↑ Irvine, p. 48.
  42. ↑ The Cambridge History of India, Volume 3 pg 322
  43. ↑ AKhbarat, Kartik Sudi 5, Samvat, 1765 (7 October 1708) quoted by U.N. Sharma, Itihas, I, 215, 212-215
  44. ↑ Kamwar, II, 315
  45. ↑ Dwivedi 2003, p. 61
  46. ↑ A History of Jaipur pg-200 by Jadunath Sarkar
  47. ↑ Fall of the Mughal Empire pg-139-140 by Jadunath Sarkar
  48. ↑ Harcharandas in Chahar Gulzar 377b-379b
  49. ↑ Rajasthan Through the Ages pg 182
  50. ↑ Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.188
  51. ↑ Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.189
  52. ↑ Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.196
  53. ↑ History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 256
  54. ↑ The Rajputana gazetteers - 1880
  55. ↑ History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 256
  56. ↑ Jacques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. "Supported by the Rajput rulers of Jodhpur and Udaipur, Partab Singh of Jaipur took a massive force southeast against Marathas under Mahadji Sindhia. When his Mughal cavalry under Mohammad Beg and his nephew Ismail Beg Hamadani defected, Sindhia was defeated in a bloody three-day battle at Tunga, near Lalsot.". Greenwood Press. p. 565. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
  57. ↑ A history of Jaipur pg 310 by Jadunath Sarkar
  58. ↑ The Central India Campaign
  59. ↑ The Central India Campaign
  60. ↑ Political Awakening and Indian Freedom Movement with Special Reference to Rajasthan pg 28-35
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