Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey

Turkey emitted 500 megatonnes (Mt) of greenhouse gases (CO2eq) in 2016, about 6 tons per person.[1]

Sources

Energy

In 2016 the energy sector emitted 73% of greenhouse gases.[1]

Coal

Coal is the largest source of Turkey’s greenhouse gases: in 2015 coal combustion emitted 133 Mt CO2.[2] Over a Mt CO2eq is emitted for every TWh electricity generated in Turkey by coal-fired power stations.[3] Once emissions from coal burnt for industry and building heating, and methane emissions from coal mining are added to those from the almost 100 TWh coal-fired electricity generated annually,[4] about one third of Turkey’s emissions are from coal.[5] However methane emissions from coal mining are the largest uncertainty in Turkey’s total.[6]

Energy Minister Fatih Dönmez favors coal.[7] More coal fired power plants are planned,[8] to burn lignite from coalfields such as Elbistan,[9] and the government has guaranteed to purchase electricity from coal fired power stations until 2024 at an inflation linked price.[10][11] Turkey’s climate change policy includes increasing the economic life of coal reserves.[12]

Industry

In 2016 industry emitted 13% of greenhouse gases.[1] Iron, steel and cement account for 40% of primary energy consumed by industry and those industries are making efforts to become more environmentally friendly.[13][14] Decarbonizing cement production would depend heavily on carbon capture and storage[15] of which Turkey has practically none, and also perhaps on biomass of which Turkey has plenty.

Agriculture

In 2016 agriculture emitted 11% of greenhouse gases[1] mainly due to enteric fermentation, agricultural soils and fertilizer management.[16] However the amount of nitrous oxide emitted by agricultural soils is very uncertain.[17] Fuel for agriculture is subsidized,[18] some sugar factories run small coal-fired power plants[19] and the agriculture minister has said that sugar is a strategic product.[20]

Politics

According to the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources climate change is one of the world’s biggest problems[21] however like neighbouring Iran, Iraq and Russia Turkey is one of the few countries which has not yet ratified the Paris Agreement.

See also

References

  • Atilgan, Burcin; Azapagic, Adisa (2016). "An integrated life cycle sustainability assessment of electricity generation in Turkey". Energy Policy. 93.
  • ŞAHIN, Ümit (April 2016). "TURKEY'S COAL POLICIES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE, ECONOMY AND HEALTH" (PDF). Istanbul Policy Center.
  • "SIXTH NATIONAL COMMUNICATION OF TURKEY Under The UNFCCC" (PDF). Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. 2016.


  1. 1 2 3 4 "Statistics on Environment, 2016". Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  2. ↑ CO2 emissions from fuel combustion: Highlights (PDF). International Energy Agency. 2017. p. 97.
  3. ↑ Atilgan et al (2016), p. 117
  4. ↑ "Coal". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  5. ↑ Şahin (2016), p. 7
  6. ↑ Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (2016), p. 95
  7. ↑ "New Turkish energy minister bullish for coal -- but lira weakness limits market". Platts. 12 Jul 2018.
  8. ↑ "Turkey aims for two-thirds of electricity production to come from local resources within 10 years". Daily Sabah.
  9. ↑ Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (2016), p. 104
  10. ↑ "2017/11070" (PDF). Resmi Gazete.
  11. ↑ "TETAŞ's Purchase of Electricity from Domestic Coal Fired Power Plants" (PDF). Çakmak Avukatlık Ortaklığı. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  12. ↑ REPUBLIC OF TURKEY CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN 2011 - 2023 (PDF). Ministry of Environment and Urbanization General Directorate of Environmental Management Climate Change Department. 2012. p. 28.
  13. ↑ Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (2016), pages 45,115
  14. ↑ "MRV IN TURKEY: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE CEMENT SECTOR EXPERIENCE" (PDF). Turkish Cement Manufacturers’ Association. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  15. ↑ "Decarbonization of industrial sectors: the next frontier". McKinsey. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  16. ↑ "Strategies Regarding Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture Sector in Turkey".
  17. ↑ Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (2016), p. 95
  18. ↑ "Turkey increases agricultural subsidies". UkrAgroConsult. 10 April 2018.
  19. ↑ Algedik, Önder. "Coal & Climate Change - 2017" (PDF).
  20. ↑ "Turkish Agriculture Ministry may bid for some privatized sugar plants: Minister". Hürriyet Daily News. 13 March 2018.
  21. ↑ "Climate Change and International Negotiations". Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey). Retrieved 28 September 2018.
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