Gayle language

Gayle
Gail
Region South Africa: mainly in Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Bloemfontein, and Port Elizabeth
Native speakers
 None[1]
L2 speakers: 20,000
based on varying mixtures of English and Afrikaans, with similarity to Polari
Language codes
ISO 639-3 gic
Glottolog gail1235[2]
Beaulah Bar in De Waterkant, Cape Town, takes its name from the Gayle word for "beautiful".[3]

Gayle, or Gail, is an English and Afrikaans-based gay argot or cant slang used primarily by English and Afrikaans-speaking homosexual men in urban communities of South Africa, and is similar in some respects to Polari in the United Kingdom, from which some lexical items have been borrowed. The equivalent language used by homosexual South African men who speak Bantu languages is called IsiNgqumo, and is based on a Nguni lexicon.[4][5][6]

Gayle originally manifested as moffietaal (Afrikaans: literally, "homosexual language") in the drag culture of the Cape Coloured community in the 1950s. It permeated into white homosexual circles in the 1960s and became part of mainstream white gay culture.[4][5][6]

Besides a few core words borrowed from Polari (such as the word varda meaning "to see", itself a borrowing from Lingua Franca), most of Gayle's words are alliterative formations using women's names, such as Beulah for "beauty", Priscilla, meaning "police", and Hilda for "hideous". Men, especially other homosexual men, are often referred to by female pronouns in some circles, as is the custom among many homosexual countercultures throughout the world.[4][5][6]

Gayle arose for the same reason that most antilanguages develop in marginalised communities—to have a secret language in an oppressive society. However it also fulfilled other functions such as to "camp up" conversation, and provide entertainment in a subculture where verbal wit and repartee are highly valued.[4][5][6]

Sample

  • Abigail translates to abortion
  • Betty Bangles or Priscilla refers to the police
  • Betty Boems translates to sex
  • Belinia translates to beautiful or really gorgeous
  • Cha Cha Palace translates to discothèque or club
  • Cilla translates to cigarette
  • Conch translates to vagina
  • Dora translates to drink or drunk
  • Doreen translates to drunk
  • Dorette translates to small drink
  • Great Dane translates to big penis
  • Hilda translates to ugly
  • Griselda translates to hideous (Hilda's even uglier older sister)
  • Jella translates to hurry up
  • Jessica translates to jealous
  • KFC translates to sex
  • Mitzi translates to small
  • Moira translates to music
  • Monica translates to money
  • Olive translates to attractive man
  • Petula Clark translates to passed out
  • Petunia translates to urinate/pee
  • Sheila translates to shit
  • Vera or Veronica translates to vomit

Varda that Beulah! translates to "Look at that beautiful man!"[6]:23–24

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gayle at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Gail". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ de Bruyn, Pippa; Bain, Keith (2012). Frommer's South Africa. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 135. ISBN 9781118074787. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Cage, Ken (10 August 1999). "Gayle – Gay SA Slang". Q Online. Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2000. Retrieved 18 August 2000. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. 1 2 3 4 Cage, Ken (1999). An investigation into the form and function of language used by gay men in South Africa (M.A. thesis). University of Johannesburg. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Cage, Ken; Evans, Moyra (2003). Gayle: The Language of Kinks and Queens: A History and Dictionary of Gay Language in South Africa. Houghton, South Africa: Jacana Media. ISBN 9781919931494. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
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