Cryptophlebia ombrodelta

Cryptophlebia ombrodelta
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Tortricidae
Genus: Cryptophlebia
Species: C. ombrodelta
Binomial name
Cryptophlebia ombrodelta
(Lower, 1898)
Synonyms
  • Arotrophora ombrodelta Lower, 1898
  • Cryptophlebia carpophaga Walsingham, 1900
  • Argyroploce illepida Meyrick, 1911
  • Argyroploce lasiandra Meyrick, 1909

Cryptophlebia ombrodelta, commonly known as litchi fruit moth or macadamia nut borer is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is native to India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Indonesia, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, western Malaysia, New Guinea, the Philippines, Japan, Guam, the Caroline Islands, Australia and introduced to Hawaii.[1]

Description

The wingspan is 15–22 mm. Fore wings brownish to reddish brown. A dark-brown pre-tornal spot distinctive in females, fade in male. Males possess sex scales on the hind wing, hind tibia, and abdomen. Females with a costal fold on fore wings, which is absent in males.[2]

Eggs are white, round and flat, which laid in small groups of 15, on the fruit. Late instars are 13-20 mm long. Abdomen of the caterpillar is yellowish white. In the final instar, color turns to red. Pinacula large and darker than body. Head and prothoracic shield blackish to dark brown in early instars which turns pale to yellowish brown in final instars. Anal comb rudimentary with 4-6 small teeth. Pupa yellow-brown.[3]

Pest attack

It is considered a pest of legumes. The larvae feed in the pods, attacking seeds in the jenkol-pods (Pithecellobium) and only become visible after the seeds are cut. The larva nearly empties the seed, which then only contains tunnels filled with frass.[4]

The larvae is a minor polyphagous pest, feeds on a wide range of plants.[5]

Larval host plants

Control

Adult moths can be eradicate by mechanical methods such as hand picking and trapping. Passive trapping methods such as emergence traps, flight traps, Malaise traps and sticky traps are ineffective. Bait trap is also found ineffective to catch adults. Light traps, suction traps and pheromone traps[6] are effective. It is also found that Robinson light trap attracted more males than females.[7]

Parasitoids such as Trichogramma cryptophlebiae, Brachymeria pomonae, Gotro bimaculata and Bracon species can be used to destroy eggs and caterpillars.[4]

Other methods such as mating disruption, hot water treatments, irradiation and usage of insecticides also be used.[4]

References

  1. ↑ "ON A COLLECTION OF SOME FAMILIES OF MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA FROM SRI LANKA (CEYLON)". repository. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  2. ↑ "Cryptophlebia ombrodelta - litchi fruit moth". Tortricids of Agricultural Importance. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  3. ↑ "Cryptophlebia ombrodelta biology". Eurasian Tortricidae 2.0. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 "Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower, 1898) description". Butterfly House. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  5. ↑ "Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower)". ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  6. ↑ "Development of a Pheromone-based Monitoring System for the Macadamia Nut Borer, Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower) (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), in Australia". Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  7. ↑ "TRAPPING ADULT MACADAMIA NUT BORER, CR YPTOPHLEBIA OMBRODELTA (LOWER) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)". J. Aust. en/. Soc., 1980, 19 21 1-216. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  • Bradley, J. D. 1953. Some important species of the genus Cryptophlebia Walsingham, 1899, with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research. 43: 679-689.
  • Horak, M. 2006. Olethreutine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera, Vol. 10. 522 pp.
  • Jones, V. P. 1994. Feeding by Cryptophlebia illepida and C. ombrodelta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on macadamia nut abortion. Journal of Economic Entomology. 87: 781-786.


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