Sesbania grandiflora

Sesbania grandiflora
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae[1]
Genus: Sesbania
Species: S. grandiflora
Binomial name
Sesbania grandiflora
(L.) Poiret
Synonyms
  • Aeschynomene coccinea L.f.
  • Aeschynomene grandiflora (L.) L.
  • Agati coccinea (L.f.) Desv.
  • Agati grandiflora (L.) Desv.
  • Agati grandiflora var. albiflora Wight & Arn.
  • Agati grandiflora var. coccinea (L.f.) Wight & Arn.
  • Coronilla coccinea (L.f.) Willd.
  • Coronilla grandiflora (L.) Willd.
  • Coronilla grandiflora Boiss.
  • Dolichos arborescens G. Don
  • Dolichos arboreus Forssk.
  • Emerus grandiflorus (L.) Kuntze
  • Resupinaria grandiflora (L.) Raf.
  • Robinia grandiflora L.
  • Sesban coccinea (L.f.) Poir.
  • Sesban grandiflora (L.) Poir. [Spelling variant]
  • Sesban grandiflorus (L.) Poir.
  • Sesbania coccinea (L.f.) Pers. [2]

Sesbania grandiflora (syn. Aeschynomene grandiflora, Agati grandiflora),[3] commonly known as vegetable hummingbird,[4] agati or hummingbird tree, is a small tree in the genus Sesbania.

Description

It is a fast-growing tree. The leaves are regular and rounded and the flowers white or red. The fruits look like flat, long, thin green beans. The tree thrives under full exposure to sunshine and is extremely frost sensitive.

It is a small soft wooded tree up to 3–8 m tall. Leaves are 15–30 cm long, with leaflets in 10–20 pairs or more and an odd one. Flowers are oblong, 1.5–10 cm long in lax, 2–4 flower racemes. The calyx is campanulate and shallowly 2-lipped. Pods are slender, falcate or straight, and 30–45 cm long, with a thick suture and approximately 30 seeds 8 mm in size.

A twig of S. grandiflora
Steamed Sesbania grandiflora flowers (bottom), among other vegetables, in a Thai dish
Flowers of S. grandiflora
Flowers of the red variant of S. grandiflora
Sesbania flower, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 113 kJ (27 kcal)
6.73 g
0.04 g
1.28 g
Vitamins Quantity %DV†
Thiamine (B1)
7%
0.083 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
7%
0.081 mg
Niacin (B3)
3%
0.43 mg
Folate (B9)
26%
102 μg
Vitamin C
88%
73 mg
Minerals Quantity %DV†
Calcium
2%
19 mg
Iron
6%
0.84 mg
Magnesium
3%
12 mg
Phosphorus
4%
30 mg
Potassium
4%
184 mg
Link to USDA Database entry
†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database

Origin and distribution

It is indigenous from South East Asia (Malaysia , Philippines, Brunei) to Northern Australia, and is cultivated in many parts of India and Sri Lanka. It has many traditional uses.[5] It grows where there is good soil and a hot, humid climate.

Medicinal uses

The leaf extract may inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products.[6] The leaf extract contains linolenic acid[7] and aspartic acid,[8] which were found to be the major compounds responsible for the anti-glycation potential of the leaf extract.

Culinary uses

The flowers of S. grandiflora are eaten as a vegetable in South Asia and Southeast Asia, including Laos, Thailand, Java in Indonesia, Vietnam, Maldives (locally known as Feeru Muran'ga, ފީރު މުރަނގަ), Sri Lanka, and the Ilocos Region of the Philippines.

In Khmer language, the flowers are called ផ្កាអង្គាដី (angkea dei) and young leaves and flowers are used in the cuisine both cooked in curries, such as Samlor mchou angkea dei and salad sauce Bok Ampreok or Toek Kroeung.

In the Thai language, the flowers are called ดอกแค (dok khae) and are used in the cuisine both cooked in curries, such as kaeng som and kaeng khae,[9] and raw in nam phrik.[10]

The young pods are also eaten. In Sri Lanka, agati leaves, known as Katuru murunga in Sinhala language, are sometimes added to sudhu hodhi or white curry, a widely eaten, thin coconut gravy, and are believed locally to be a cure for canker sores. In India this plant is known as agati (Tamil), agastya (Kannada), అవిసె (Telugu), and both the leaves and the flowers have culinary uses.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Prajapti, Purohit, Sharma, Kumar, A Handbook of medicinal plants, Agro Bios (India), Edition Ist 2003, Page.473
  2. ↑ http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/ild-24585
  3. ↑ Joshi S. G., Medicinal Plants, Medicinal plants, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. bks)
  4. ↑ "Sesbania grandiflora". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  5. ↑ Kirtikar K. R. & B. D. Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants Vol-I, International Book Distributor & Publisher, Dehradun, Edition 2005, bks pp. 735–736
  6. ↑ https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0033-1352426
  7. ↑ Prasanna, Govindarajan (2016). "Linolenic acid prevents early and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) modification of albumin". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 95: 121–125.
  8. ↑ Prasanna, Govindarajan (2015). "Aspartic acid functions as carbonyl trapper to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products by chemical chaperone activity". Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 34 (5): 943–951.
  9. ↑ Kaeng Khae Kai (Katurai Chilli Soup with Chicken)
  10. ↑ Thailand Illustrated Magazine Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine.
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