Cryptocurrency tumbler

Cryptocurrency tumbler or cryptocurrency mixing service[1] is a service offered to mix potentially identifiable or 'tainted'[2] cryptocurrency funds with others, so as to obscure the trail back to the fund's original source.[3] Tumblers have arisen to improve the anonymity of cryptocurrencies, usually bitcoin (hence Bitcoin mixer), since the currencies provide a public ledger of all transactions.

Background

In traditional financial systems, the equivalent would be moving funds through banks located in countries with strict bank secrecy laws, such the Cayman Islands, the Bahamas, or Panama. Tumblers take a percentage transaction fee of the total coins mixed to turn a profit, typically 1-3%.[4] Mixing helps protect privacy and can also be used for money laundering by mixing illegally obtained funds. Mixing large amounts of money may be illegal, being in violation of anti-structuring laws. Financial crimes author Jeffrey Robinson has suggested tumblers should be criminalized due to their potential use in illegal activities, specifically funding terrorism;[4] however, a report from the CTC suggests such use in terrorism-related activities is 'relatively limited'.[5] There has been at least one incident where an exchange has blacklisted "tainted" deposits descending from stolen bitcoins.[6] The existence of tumblers has made the anonymous use of darknet markets easier and the job of law enforcement harder.[7]

Peer-to-peer tumblers

Peer-to-peer tumblers appeared in an attempt to fix the disadvantages of the centralized model of tumbling. These services act as a place of meeting for bitcoin users, instead of taking bitcoins for mixing. Users arrange mixing by themselves. This model solves the problem of stealing, as there is no middleman. Such protocols as Coin Join, SharedCoin and CoinSwap allow few bitcoin-users to gather in order to form one bitcoin exchange transaction in several steps. When it is completely formed, the exchange of bitcoins between the participants begins. Apart from mixing server, none of the participants can know the connection between the incoming and outgoing addresses of coins. This operation can be carried out several times with different recipients to complicate transaction analysis.[8][9]

Alternatives

Newer and proposed coin implementations such as Cloakcoin, Dash, PIVX and Zcoin have built in mixing services as a part of their blockchain network.[10]

The Zcoin cryptocurrency provides anonymity by using Zerocoin, a type of Zero Knowledge proof method with anonymity sets in the region of thousands, as opposed to the low hundreds for a tumbler. The Zerocoin anonymizing function is built on Bitcoin Core code as an additional layer which allows selective anonymization when required.[11]

The Dark Wallet client software for bitcoin was built to natively mix transactions between users to achieve the same effect without relying on a centralized service.[12]

The Monero cryptocurrency provides anonymity without tumbling services due to its privacy centric design, utilizing ring signatures to keep the entire blockchain secure and untraceable.

Stratis released its Alpha version of its Breeze cryptocurrency wallet in June 2017. The final version is intended to have a TumbleBit feature enabled allowing Stratis (STRAT) and Bitcoin (BTC) to be tumbled anonymously and untraceably.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Jeffries, Adrianne (19 December 2013). "How to steal Bitcoin in three easy steps". Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  2. ↑ Schweife, Dr. Johannes. "The taint and the Bitcoin". Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  3. ↑ The Cryptocurrency Tumblers: Risks, Legality and Oversight. Law and Society: Private Law - Financial Law Journal. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Accessed 6 December 2017.
  4. 1 2 Allison, Ian (February 11, 2015). "Bitcoin tumbler: The business of covering tracks in the world of cryptocurrency laundering". Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  5. ↑ Brantly, Aaron (31 October 2014). "Financing Terror Bit by Bit". Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  6. ↑ Buterin, Vitalik (21 May 2012). "MtGox: What the largest exchange is doing about the Linode theft and the implications". Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  7. ↑ IHS Jane's Intelligence Review (30 December 2014). "Law enforcement struggles to control darknet". Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  8. ↑ Jon Matonis (Mar 17, 2014). "A Taxonomy of Bitcoin mixers". Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  9. ↑ Pete Rizzo (Aug 23, 2016). "Bitfury Research Shines Light on Bitcoin Privacy Weaknesses". Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  10. ↑ Greenberg, Andy (13 January 2014). "Bitcoin Anonymity Upgrade Zerocoin To Become An Independent Cryptocurrency". Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  11. ↑ "Zerocoin: Anonymous Distributed E-Cash from Bitcoin" (PDF). Chainhead. Chainhead. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  12. ↑ Copestake, Jen (19 September 2014). "Hiding currency in the Dark Wallet". Retrieved 17 May 2015.
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