Ethereum Classic

Ethereum Classic
Ticker symbol ETC
Development
Initial release July 30, 2015 (2015-07-30)
Code repository https://github.com/ethereumproject
Development status Active
Forked from Ethereum
Written in C++, Go, Rust, Scala
Operating system Clients available for Linux, Windows, macOS, POSIX
License Multiple open-source licenses
Website ethereumclassic.org
Ledger
Timestamping scheme Proof-of-work
Hash function Ethash
Block reward 4 ETC[1]
Block explorer gastracker.io
Valuation
Exchange rate 11$(as of 17 September 2018)[1]
Market cap 1.1 Billion(as of 17 September 2018)[1]

Ethereum Classic is an open-source, public, blockchain-based distributed computing platform featuring smart contract (scripting) functionality.[2][3] It provides a decentralized Turing-complete virtual machine, the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), which can execute scripts using an international network of public nodes. Ethereum Classic and Ethereum have a value token called "ether", which can be transferred between participants, stored in a cryptocurrency wallet and is used to compensate participant nodes for computations performed in the Ethereum Platform. The classic ether token is traded on cryptocurrency exchanges under the ticker symbol ETC. Gas, an internal transaction pricing mechanism, is used to prevent spam on the network and allocate resources proportionally to the incentive offered by the request.[4][5][6][7]

History

In May 2016, a venture capital fund called The DAO built on Ethereum raised around $168 million, with the intention of investing in projects using smart contracts.[8] In the same month a paper was released detailing security vulnerabilities with The DAO that could allow ether to be stolen.[9] In June, 3.6 million Ether (approximately $50 million USD) was taken from accounts in The DAO and moved to another account without the owners' consent, exploiting one of the vulnerabilities that had been raised in May. Members of The DAO and the Ethereum community debated what actions, if any, should occur to resolve the situation. A vote occurred and in July 2016 it was decided to implement a hard fork in the Ethereum code and to move the Ether taken in the exploit to a new smart contract through which it would be restored to the owners from whom it had been taken.[10]

Ethereum Classic came into existence when some members of the Ethereum community rejected the hard fork on the grounds of "immutability", the principle that the blockchain cannot be changed, and decided to keep using the unforked version of Ethereum.[11]

Ethereum Classic underwent a technical hard fork to adjust the internal pricing for running various op codes on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) on 25 October 2016, similar to the hard fork the ETH chain did a week earlier. The goal was to more rationally price various compute-intensive and external reference commands to reduce the incentive for spammers who had conducted a month-long distributed denial-of-service attack on the Ethereum Classic network.[12] A hard fork that occurred early 2017 successfully delayed the so-called "difficulty bomb", originally added to Ethereum's code in September 2015 in order to exponentially increase the difficulty of mining, or the competitive process by which new transaction blocks are added to the network.[13][14][15] The people who continued with Ethereum Classic advocate for blockchain immutability, and the concept that "code is law" [16] against the pro-fork side (Ethereum) which largely argued for extra-protocol intentionality, decentralized decision-making, and conflict resolution.[17][18][19][20] The project, however, is not officially supported by the Ethereum Foundation.[21]

On 29 June 2017, the Ethereum Classic Twitter account made a public statement indicating reason to believe that the website for Classic Ether Wallet had been compromised.[22] The Ethereum Classic Twitter account confirmed the details released via Threatpost.[23] The Ethereum Classic team worked with Cloudflare to place a warning on the compromised domain warning users of the phishing attack.[24]

Hard Forks and Soft Forks

Release Date Code name Hard Forks and Softforks
30 July 2015 Frontier The release of the Ethereum Genesis block.[25]
14 March 2016 Homestead The 2nd major release of the Ethereum platform, which introduced EIP-2, EIP-7, and EIP-8.[26]
25 October 2016 GasReprice First fork after being renamed "Ethereum Classic". Repriced some operations to prevent DoS attacks affecting both Ethereum and Ethereum Classic networks. Introduced ECIP-1050.[27]
14 January 2017 Die Hard Delayed the difficulty bomb which was originally intended to force the network to move from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake and added replay protection to prevent transactions on the Ethereum network being accepted on the Ethereum Classic chain. Introduced ECIP-1010 and EIP-155.[28]
11 December 2017[29] Monetary policy change Change unlimited token emission to a fixed-cap monetary policy similar to bitcoin with a hard cap of around 210 Million.[30]

References

  1. 1 2 3 ""Cryptocurrency Ethereum Classic | Coinlore". coinlore.com. September 17, 2018. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
  2. ↑ Ehsani, Farzam (22 December 2016). "Blockchain in Finance: From Buzzword to Watchword in 2016". CoinDesk (News). Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  3. ↑ Vigna, Paul (28 October 2015). "BitBeat: Microsoft to Offer Ethereum-Based Services on Azure". The Wall Street Journal (Blog). News Corp. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  4. ↑ "Account Types, Gas, and Transactions — Ethereum Homestead 0.1 documentation". ethdocs.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
  5. ↑ Ethereum. "Gas and transaction costs | Ethereum Frontier Guide". ethereum.gitbooks.io. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
  6. ↑ "What is the "Gas" in Ethereum?". CryptoCompare. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
  7. ↑ ConsenSys (2016-06-23). "Ethereum, Gas, Fuel, & Fees". ConsenSys Media. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
  8. ↑ "The Biggest Crowdfunding Project Ever Was Supposed to Create Manager-free Companies. But It's a Mess". WIRED. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
  9. ↑ Popper, Nathaniel (2016-05-27). "Paper Points Up Flaws in Venture Fund Based on Virtual Money". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
  10. ↑ "The DAO, The Hack, The Soft Fork and The Hard Fork". CryptoCompare. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
  11. ↑ Wirdum, Aaron van. "Rejecting Today's Hard Fork, the Ethereum Classic Project Continues on the Original Chain: Here's Why". Bitcoin Magazine. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
  12. ↑ "Ethereum Classic Hardforks Successfully - CryptoCoinsNews". 25 October 2016.
  13. ↑ "Ethereum Classic Hard Forks; Diffuses 'Difficulty Bomb'". NASDAQ.com. 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
  14. ↑ Vigna, Paul (1 August 2016). "The Great Digital-Currency Debate: 'New' Ethereum Vs. Ethereum 'Classic'". Down Jones & Company Inc. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  15. ↑ Bovaird, Charles (21 August 2016). "Can Two Ethereum Markets Co-Exist?". CoinDesk. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  16. ↑ Pearson, Jordan (27 July 2016). "The Ethereum Hard Fork Spawned a Shaky Rebellion". Motherboard. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  17. ↑ Ethereum info (4 June 2011). "Ethereum (ETH) kopen, verkopen en koersen". geldvisie.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  18. ↑ De Filippi, Primavera (11 July 2016). "A $50M Hack Tests the Values of Communities Run by Code". Motherboard. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  19. ↑ Mougayar, William (21 June 2016). "What We Can Learn From The DAO". CoinDesk. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  20. ↑ Eliosoff, Jacob (17 August 2016). "Why Ethereum Classic Must Die". CoinDesk. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  21. ↑ Young, Joseph. "Vitalik Buterin Won't Support ETC If It Takes Over ETH". CoinTelegraph.
  22. ↑ "*Warning* We have reason to believe https://ClassicEtherWallet.com  has been hijacked. Do not use!!". @eth_classic. Twitter. 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
  23. ↑ "A hacker called domain registry and impersonated the owner of ClassicEtherWallet to hijack the site". @eth_classic. Twitter. 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
  24. ↑ "Classic Ether Wallet Falls Victim to a Social Engineering Hacker - CryptoCoinsNews". CryptoCoinsNews. 2017-07-01. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
  25. ↑ "Ethereum Launches". Ethereum Blog. 2015-07-30. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  26. ↑ "Homestead Release". Ethereum Blog. 2016-02-29. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  27. ↑ "Gas Reprice Hard Fork on ETC block 2500000 (October 25) | Ethereum Classic". ethereumclassic.github.io. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  28. ↑ "ETC Weekly Newsletter : Protocol Update Successful! | Ethereum Classic". ethereumclassic.github.io. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  29. ↑ "ECIP 1017". ecip1017.com.
  30. ↑ "Ethereum Classic Forges New Path; Revamped Monetary Policy Could Be Next". NASDAQ.com. 2016-12-13. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
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