United States House of Representatives elections, 1800 and 1801
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All 106 seats in the United States House of Representatives 54 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Federalist majority Even split Democratic-Republican majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 7th Congress in 1800 and 1801, at the same time as the 1800 presidential election, in which Vice President Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic Republican, defeated incumbent President John Adams, a Federalist.
These elections resulted in the Democratic-Republicans picking up 22 seats from the Federalists. This brought the Democratic-Republicans a solid majority of 68 seats, whereas the Federalists were only able to secure 38. Many state legislatures also changed to Democratic-Republican control, with the result that many new Democratic-Republicans were voted into the Senate. The Federalists never again succeeded in gaining a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, and it was soon normal for them to control fewer than a third of the seats until the national Federalist party disintegrated completely in the early 1820s.
The victory of Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans can be attributed partially to unpopular policies pursued by the Adams administration, including the Alien and Sedition Acts, which sought to curtail guarantees of freedom of speech and freedom of the press spelled out in the Bill of Rights.
The difference between Federalist policies in support of a strong national government and the Democratic-Republican preference for states' rights played a prominent role in the election. Federal taxation became an issue as Southerners and Westerners rejected federal taxes levied on property.
Election summaries
68 | 38 |
Democratic-Republican | Federalist |
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Democratic- Republican |
Federalist | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
New York | Districts | April 29 – May 1, 1800 | 10 | 6 | 4 | ||
North Carolina | Districts | August 15, 1800 | 10 | 6 | 4 | ||
New Hampshire | At-large | August 25, 1800 | 4 | 0 | 4 | ||
Rhode Island | At-large | August 26, 1800[lower-alpha 1] | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Vermont | Districts | September 2, 1800[lower-alpha 2] | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
Connecticut | At-large | September 22, 1800 | 7 | 0 | 7 | ||
Georgia | At-large | October 6, 1800 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Delaware | At-large | October 7, 1800 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Pennsylvania | Districts | October 14, 1800 | 13 | 10 | 3 | ||
South Carolina | Districts | October 24, 1800 | 6 | 3 | 3 | ||
Massachusetts | Districts | November 3, 1800[lower-alpha 3] | 14 | 7 | 7 | ||
New Jersey | At-large | December 24, 1800 | 5 | 5 | 0 | ||
Maryland | Districts | January 1, 1801 | 8 | 5 | 3 | ||
Late elections (After the March 4, 1801 beginning of the next Congress) | |||||||
Virginia | Districts | April 23, 1801 | 19 | 18 | 1 | ||
Kentucky | Districts | August 3, 1801 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Tennessee | At-large | August 4, 1801 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Total | 106 | 68 64.2% |
38 35.8% |
Special elections
There were special elections in 1800 and 1801 during the 6th United States Congress and 7th United States Congress.
Elections are sorted here by date then district.
6th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 13 | John Marshall | Federalist | 1799 | Incumbent resigned June 7, 1800 to become U.S. Secretary of State. New member elected July 31, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner took his seat November 26, 1800. |
√ Littleton W. Tazewell (Democratic-Republican) 64.5% John Mayo (Federalist) 35.5%[2] |
Connecticut at-large | Jonathan Brace | Federalist | 1798 (Special) | Incumbent resgined in May 1800. New member elected September 22, 1800. Federalist hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Winner seated November 17, 1800. |
√ John Cotton Smith (Federalist) 2,916 votes Elias Perkins (Federalist) 1,315 votes Timothy Pitkin 669 votes Simeon Baldwin (Federalist) 642 votes Calvin Goddard (Federalist) 365 votes Benjamin Talmadge 365 votes John Treadwell (Federalist) 116 votes Stephen T. Hosmer 34 votes[3] |
Massachusetts 4 | Dwight Foster | Federalist | 1793 | Incumbent resigned June 7, 1800 when elected U.S. Senator. New member elected October 20, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner took his seat February 6, 1801. |
First Ballot (August 25, 1800): Levi Lincoln Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 47.1% Jabez Upham (Federalist) 25.9% Seth Hastings (Federalist) 13.7% Salem Towne (Federalist) 11.6% Scattering 1.7%[4] Second Ballot (October 20, 1800): √ Levi Lincoln Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 49.8% Jabez Upham (Federalist) 38.9% Seth Hastings (Federalist) 6.0% Salem Towne (Federalist) 4.7% Scattering 0.7%[5] |
Massachusetts 10 | Samuel Sewall | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent resigned January 10, 1800. New member elected October 20, 1800. Federalist hold. Winner took his seat February 6, 1801. |
First Ballot (August 25, 1800): Nathan Read (Federalist) 45.3% Jacob Crowninshield (Democratic-Republican) 49.2% Scattering 5.5%[6] Second Ballot (October 20, 1800): √ Nathan Read (Federalist) 53.5% Jacob Crowninshield (Democratic-Republican) 46.5%[7] |
New Hampshire at-large | William Gordon | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent resigned June 12, 1800 to become N.H. Attorney General. New member elected October 27, 1800. Federalist hold. Winner also elected to next term, see below. |
First ballot (August 25, 1800): Samuel Tenney (Federalist) 45.6% George B. Upham (Federalist) 21.5% John Goddard (Democratic-Republican) 13.04% Joseph Badger (Democratic-Republican) 10.91% Thomas Cogswell (Democratic-Republican) 4.62% Joseph Peirce (Federalist) 4.34%[8] Second ballot (October 27, 1800): √ Samuel Tenney (Federalist) 70.79% George B. Upham (Federalist) 29.21%[9][10] |
Massachusetts 3 | Samuel Lyman | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent resigned November 6, 1800. New member elected December 15, 1800. Federalist hold. Winner seated February 2, 1801. |
√ Ebenezer Mattoon (Federalist) Unopposed[11] |
Pennsylvania 8 | Thomas Hartley | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent died December 21, 1800. New member elected January 15, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner had already been elected to the next term, see below. Winner seated February 3, 1801. |
√ John Stewart (Democratic-Republican) 87.82% Scattering 12.18%[12] |
7th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia at-large | James Jones | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent died January 11, 1801, before the beginning of the Congress. New member elected March 23, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) 67.3% William Smith (Unknown) 16.0% Peter Van Allen (Unknown) 12.6% George Jones (Democratic-Republican) 4.2%[13] |
Connecticut at-large | Elizur Goodrich | Federalist | 1799 (Special)[14] | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1801. New member elected April 9, 1801. Federalist hold. |
√ Calvin Goddard (Federalist)[15] |
Massachusetts 14 | George Thatcher | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent declined re-election. New member elected June 22, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner seated December 7, 1801. |
√ Richard Cutts (Democratic-Republican) 55.6% John Lords (Federalist) 34.5% Benjamin Greene (Unknown) 9.9%[16] |
North Carolina 8 | David Stone | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent elected U.S. Senator, and therefore chose not to serve in the House in the 7th Congress. New member elected August 6, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner was seated December 7, 1801. |
√ Charles Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 53.2% Thomas Wynns (Democratic-Republican) 46.8% Thomas Johnston (Democratic-Republican) 0.03% |
Massachusetts 4 | Levi Lincoln | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801 to become U.S. Attorney General. New member elected August 24, 1801. Federalist gain. Winner seated January 11, 1802. |
√ Seth Hastings (Federalist) 54.25% John Whiting (Democratic-Republican) 45.75%[17] |
Connecticut at-large | William Edmond | Federalist | 1797 (Special) | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1801. New member elected September 21, 1801. Federalist hold. |
√ Benjamin Tallmadge (Federalist)[18] |
New York 6 | John Bird | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent resigned July 25, 1801. New member elected October 8, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner seated December 7, 1801. |
√ John Peter Van Ness (Democratic-Republican) 64.04% Hezekiah L. Hosmer (Federalist) 35.96%[19] |
New York 5 | Thomas Tillotson | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent resigned August 10, 1801 to become N.Y. Secretary of State. New member elected October 8, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner seated December 7, 1801. |
√ Theodorus Bailey (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed[20] |
Pennsylvania 4 | Peter Muhlenberg | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent elected U.S. Senator, and therefore declined to serve in the House in the 7th Congress. New member elected October 13, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was seated December 7, 1801. |
√ Isaac Van Horne (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
Pennsylvania 12 | Albert Gallatin | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent appointed U.S. Treasury May 14, 1801 during the 7th Congress but before that congress formally convened. New member elected October 13, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was seated December 7, 1801. |
√ William Hoge (Democratic-Republican) 82.6% Alexander Fowler (Federalist) 14.7% Isaac Weaver (Democratic-Republican) 2.7% |
Massachusetts 12 | Silas Lee | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent resigned August 20, 1801. No majority was achieved on the September 25, 1801 and December 7, 1801 ballots, so the election was continued in 1802. |
Orchard Cook (Democratic-Republican) Martin Kingsley (Democratic-Republican) Nathaniel Drummer (Unknown) |
Connecticut
Note: Between the two sources used, there is disagreement over the ordering of the candidates. Both sources have the same numbers of votes recorded, but disagree on which candidates received those votes, one source lists Goddard as 8th, Talmadge as 9th, etc., as listed here, while the other has them as 11th, 12th, etc., three places off for all of them until the bottom three listed here which are moved up to 8th-10th, suggesting that one of the two sources accidentally misplaced three names on the list. They are ordered here as Goddard and Talmadge in 8th and 9th place as it is more likely that they'd been at the top of the runners-up given that they were subsequently elected to fill vacancies in the 7th Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a general ticket |
William Edmond | Federalist | 1797 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) 11.1% √ Roger Griswold (Federalist) 10.9% √ John Cotton Smith (Federalist) 10.8% √ William Edmond (Federalist) 10.4% √ Elizur Goodrich (Federalist) 10.2% √ John Davenport (Federalist) 9.3% √ Elias Perkins (Federalist) 8.6% Calvin Goddard (Federalist) 5.7% Benjamin Talmadge (Federalist) 5.3% Simeon Baldwin (Federalist) 5.2% Timothy Pitkin (Federalist) 3.8% William Moseley (Federalist) 2.7% Epaphroditus Champion (Federalist) 2.3% Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) 1.7% Jonathan Brace (Federalist) 1.0% William Hart (Democratic-Republican) 0.8% Gideon Granger (Democratic-Republican) 0.4% Sylvester Gilbert (Democratic-Republican) 0.1% |
Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. Federalist hold. Winner (William Edmond) chose not to serve. A special election was therefore held to replace him, see above. | ||
Jonathan Brace | Federalist | 1798 (Special) | Incumbent resigned in May 1800. Federalist hold. Winner (John Cotton Smith) also elected to finish the term, see above. | ||
Roger Griswold | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Elizur Goodrich | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner (Elizur Goodrich) chose not to serve. A special election was therefore held to replace him, see above. | ||
John Davenport | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Samuel W. Dana | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Delaware
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delaware at-large | James A. Bayard | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ James A. Bayard (Federalist) 53.4% John Patten (Democratic-Republican) 46.6% |
Georgia
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
James Jones | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected to a different party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Jones (Democratic-Republican) 47.9% √ Benjamin Taliaferro (Democratic-Republican) 42.1% Francis Willis (Democratic-Republican) 10.0% |
Benjamin Taliaferro | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected to a different party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Kentucky
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kentucky 1 "Southern district" |
Thomas T. Davis | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas T. Davis (Democratic-Republican) 78.8% John Pope (Democratic-Republican) 21.2% |
Kentucky 2 "Northern district" |
John Fowler | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Fowler (Democratic-Republican) 67.9% William Garrard 19.4% Philemon Thomas 12.8% |
Maryland
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maryland 1 | George Dent | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ John Campbell (Federalist) 76.6% Frances Digges (Democratic-Republican) 23.4% |
Maryland 2 | John C. Thomas | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Richard Sprigg, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 65.0% John C. Thomas (Federalist) 35.0% |
Maryland 3 | William Craik | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold |
√ Thomas Plater (Federalist) 53.1% Patrick Magruder (Democratic-Republican) 46.9% |
Maryland 4 | George Baer, Jr. | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Daniel Hiester (Democratic-Republican) 57.4% Eli Williams (Federalist) 42.6% |
Maryland 5 | Samuel Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel Smith[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) Charles Ridgely (Federalist) |
Maryland 6 | Gabriel Christie | Democratic-Republican | 1792 1794 (Lost) 1798 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Archer (Democratic-Republican) 95.7% John Carlisle (Federalist) 3.9% Philip Thomas (Federalist) 0.4% |
Maryland 7 | Joseph H. Nicholson | Democratic-Republican | 1798 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph H. Nicholson (Democratic-Republican) 99.7% Solomon Jones 0.3% |
Maryland 8 | John Dennis | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Dennis (Federalist) 89.4% William Polk (Democratic-Republican) 10.6% |
Massachusetts
Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in the 1st and 6th districts, necessitating a second trial.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 "1st Western district" |
Theodore Sedgwick | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
First ballot (November 3, 1800): John Bacon (Democratic-Republican) 49.3% Ephraim Williams (Federalist) 49.1% Scattering 1.6% Second ballot (March 9, 1801): √ John Bacon (Democratic-Republican) 59.0% Ephraim Williams (Federalist) 41.0% |
Massachusetts 2 "2nd Western district" |
William Shepard | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Shepard (Federalist) 73.4% William Lyman 12.9% Scattiner 13.8% |
Massachusetts 3 "3rd Western district" |
Samuel Lyman | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. Incumbent then resigned November 6, 1800 and the winner then elected to finish the term, see above. |
√ Ebenezer Mattoon (Federalist) 75.9% Thomas Dwight (Democratic-Republican) 14.6% Daniel Bigelow 4.9% Scattering 4.6% |
Massachusetts 4 "4th Western district" |
Dwight Foster | Federalist | 1793 | Incumbent resigned June 6, 1800 when elected U.S. Senator. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner also elected to finish the term, see above. |
√ Levi Lincoln Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 52.8% Jabez Upham 41.5% Salem Towne (Federalist) 3.8% Seth Hastings (Federalist) 1.9% |
Massachusetts 5 "1st Southern district" |
Lemuel Williams | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Lemuel Williams (Federalist) 61.9% Isaiah L. Green (Democratic-Republican) 26.6% Isaiah Coffin (Democratic-Republican) 11.5% |
Massachusetts 6 "2nd Southern district" |
John Reed Sr. | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
First ballot (November 3, 1800): Nahum Mitchell (Federalist) 36.2% Josiah Smith (Democratic-Republican) 32.7% Samuel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 8.9% Benjamin Whiteman (Federalist) 6.9% Nathaniel Goodwin (Federalist) 5.9% Daniel Snow (Democratic-Republican) 3.6% Scattering 5.9% Second ballot (March 9, 1801): √ Josiah Smith (Democratic-Republican) 50.7% Nahum Mitchell (Federalist) 45.4% Samuel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 3.9% |
Massachusetts 7 "3rd Southern district" |
Phanuel Bishop | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 57.6% Elisha May (Federalist) 25.7% Stephen Bullock (Democratic-Republican) 9.9% Laban Wheaton (Federalist) 6.9% |
Massachusetts 8 "1st Middle district" |
Harrison Gray Otis | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William Eustis (Democratic-Republican) 52.9% Josiah Quincy (Federalist) 47.1% |
Massachusetts 9 "2nd Middle district" |
Joseph Bradley Varnum | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 71.8% Timothy Bigelow (Federalist) 27.2% Others 1.0% |
Massachusetts 10 "3rd Middle district" |
Samuel Sewall | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent resigned January 10, 1800 to become Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. New member elected. Federalist hold. Winner also elected to finish the term, see above. |
√ Nathan Read (Federalist) 55.0% Jacob Crowninshield (Democratic-Republican) 44.0% |
Massachusetts 11 "4th Middle district" |
Bailey Bartlett | Federalist | 1797 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Manasseh Cutler (Federalist) 75.5% Thomas Kitteridge (Democratic-Republican) 21.4% Others 3.1% |
Massachusetts 12 "1st Eastern district" (District of Maine) |
Silas Lee | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Silas Lee (Federalist) 50.8% Henry Dearborn (Democratic-Republican) 45.6% Scattering 3.6% |
Massachusetts 13 "2nd Eastern district" (District of Maine) |
Peleg Wadsworth | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist) 76.8% John Chandler (Democratic-Republican) 14.1% Stephen Longfellow (Federalist) Scattering 4.7% |
Massachusetts 14 "3rd Eastern district" (District of Maine) |
George Thatcher | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner later declined to serve and a special election would be held to fill the vacancy. |
√ George Thatcher (Federalist) 61.8% Richard Cutts (Democratic-Republican) 38.2% |
New Hampshire
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Hampshire at-large 4 seats on a general ticket |
James Sheafe | Federalist | 1799 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Abiel Foster (Federalist) 19.3% √ Samuel Tenney (Federalist) 17.7% √ George B. Upham (Federalist) 16.5% √ Joseph Peirce (Federalist) 14.9% Nahum Parker (Democratic-Republican) 6.3% John Goddard (Democratic-Republican) 5.5% Joseph Badger (Democratic-Republican) 4.9% Ezra Bartlett (Democratic-Republican) 4.1% Michael McClary 2.5% Thomas Cogswell 1.7% Scattering 6.7% |
Jonathan Freeman | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
William Gordon | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent resigned June 12, 1800 to become N.H. Attorney General. New member elected. Federalist hold. Winner (Samuel Tenney) also elected to finish current term, see above. | ||
Abiel Foster | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. |
New Jersey
In 1800, New Jersey returned to its traditional at-large district, continued to use this system to select representatives until it was abolished in 1842, with a single exception in 1813.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Jersey at-large 5 seats on a general ticket |
John Condit Redistricted from the 1st district |
Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ James Mott (Democratic-Republican) 10.3% √ Ebenezer Elmer (Democratic-Republican) 10.2% √ John Condit (Democratic-Republican) 10.2% √ William Helms (Democratic-Republican) 10.2% √ Henry Southard (Democratic-Republican) 10.1% Aaron Ogden (Federalist) 9.9% Peter DeVroom (Federalist) 9.8% James H. Imlay (Federalist) 9.8% Franklin Davenport (Federalist) 9.8% William Coxe (Federalist) 9.8% |
Aaron Kitchell Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
James Linn Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
James H. Imlay Redistricted from the 4th district |
Federalist | 1797 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
Franklin Davenport Redistricted from the 5th district |
Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
New York
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New York 1 | John Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1799 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 56.0% Silas Wood (Federalist) 44.0% |
New York 2 | Edward Livingston | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Samuel L. Mitchill (Democratic-Republican) 51.0% Jacob Morton (Federalist) 49.0% |
New York 3 | Philip Van Courtlandt | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Philip Van Courtlandt (Democratic-Republican) 59.7% Samuel Bayard (Federalist) 40.3% |
New York 4 | Lucas C. Elmendorf | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Lucas C. Elmendorf (Democratic-Republican) 60.0% John Hathorn (Democratic-Republican) 36.8% Leonard Bronk (Federalist) 3.2% |
New York 5 | Theodorus Bailey | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Thomas Tillotson (Democratic-Republican) 61.6% David Brooks (Federalist) 38.4% |
New York 6 | John Bird | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Bird (Federalist) 53.4% Henry W. Livingston (Democratic-Republican) 45.5% John Woodworth (Democratic-Republican) 1.1% |
New York 7 | John Thompson | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ David Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 50.8% John Williams (Federalist) 47.8% John Thompson (Democratic-Republican) 1.3% |
New York 8 | Henry Glen | Federalist | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Killian K. Van Rensselaer (Federalist) 50.3% George Tiffany (Democratic-Republican) 40.8% Henry Glen (Federalist) 8.9% |
New York 9 | Jonas Platt | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Benjamin Walker (Federalist) 64.3% Jacob Eaker (Democratic-Republican) 34.5% Scattering 1.2% |
New York 10 | William Cooper | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Thomas Morris (Federalist) 54.3% William Stuart (Democratic-Republican) 39.6% John Paterson (Democratic-Republican) 4.4% Scattering 1.8% |
North Carolina
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Carolina 1 | Joseph Dickson | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Holland (Democratic-Republican) 60.9% Joseph Dickson (Federalist) 38.1% |
North Carolina 2 | Archibald Henderson | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Archibald Henderson (Federalist) 49.3% Musendine Matthews (Federalist) 29.0% Matthew Locke (Democratic-Republican) 21.7% |
North Carolina 3 | Robert Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Robert Williams (Democratic-Republican) 75.1% John Hamilton (Federalist) 24.9% |
North Carolina 4 | Richard Stanford | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Richard Stanford (Democratic-Republican) 61.6% William Strudwick (Federalist) 38.4% |
North Carolina 5 | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 97.4% Scattering 2.6% |
North Carolina 6 | William H. Hill | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William H. Hill (Federalist) 65.2% James Gillespie (Democratic-Republican) 34.8% |
North Carolina 7 | William Barry Grove | Federalist | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Barry Grove (Federalist) 77.8% Samuel D. Purviance (Democratic-Republican) 22.2% |
North Carolina 8 | David Stone | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner was also elected U.S. Senator, and therefore chose not to serve in the House in the next congress. A special election was held August 6, 1801, see above. |
√ David Stone (Federalist) John H. Jaycocks (Federalist) John White |
North Carolina 9 | Willis Alston | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Willis Alston (Democratic-Republican) 58.1% Thomas Blount (Democratic-Republican) 41.9% |
North Carolina 10 | Richard Dobbs Spaight | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ John Stanly (Federalist) 60.1% Richard Dobbs Spaight (Democratic-Republican) 39.9% |
Pennsylvania
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[21] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pennsylvania 1 | Robert Waln | Federalist | 1798 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William Jones (Democratic-Republican) 50.2% Francis Gurney (Federalist) 49.8% |
Pennsylvania 2 | Michael Leib | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Michael Leib (Democratic-Republican) 77.8% John Lardner (Federalist) 22.2% |
Pennsylvania 3 | Richard Thomas | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Joseph Hemphill (Federalist) 53.3% Joseph Shallcroft (Democratic-Republican) 46.7% |
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 2 seats |
Peter Muhlenberg | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent/winner was then elected U.S. Senator February 19, 1801, leading to a special election, see above. |
√ Peter Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 34.4% √ Robert Brown (Democratic-Republican) 34.4% Cawallader C. Evans (Federalist) 15.6% John Arndt (Federalist) 15.5% |
Robert Brown | Democratic-Republican | 1798 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Pennsylvania 5 | Joseph Hiester | Democratic-Republican | 1797 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph Hiester (Democratic-Republican) 83.2% Roswell Wells (Federalist) 16.8% |
Pennsylvania 6 | John A. Hanna | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John A. Hanna (Democratic-Republican) 74.6% Samuel Maclay (Federalist) 25.4% |
Pennsylvania 7 | John W. Kittera | Federalist | 1791 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Thomas Boude (Federalist) 54.1% John Whitehill (Democratic-Republican) 45.9% |
Pennsylvania 8 | Thomas Hartley | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. Incumbent died December 21, 1800 and winner was then elected to finish the current term, see above. |
√ John Stewart (Democratic-Republican) 54.8% John Eddie (Federalist) 45.2% |
Pennsylvania 9 | Andrew Gregg | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Andrew Gregg (Democratic-Republican) 72.6% David Mitchell (Federalist) 27.4% |
Pennsylvania 10 | Henry Woods | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Henry Woods (Federalist) 53.6% David Bard (Democratic-Republican) 46.4% |
Pennsylvania 11 | John Smilie | Democratic-Republican | 1792 1798 |
Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Smilie (Democratic-Republican) 100% |
Pennsylvania 12 | Albert Gallatin | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent/winner was later appointed U.S. Treasury May 14, 1801 during the 7th Congress but before that congress formally convened, leading to a special election, see above. |
√ Albert Gallatin (Democratic-Republican) 72.9% Presley Neville (Federalist) 27.1% |
Rhode Island
Rhode Island switched to a general ticket for its two seats, instead of electing each one separately. Only one candidate received a majority in the 1800 election, requiring an 1801 run-off election to choose a Representative for the second seat.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[lower-alpha 5] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhode Island at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
John Brown | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican gain. |
First ballot (August 26, 1800): √ Thomas Tillinghast (Democratic-Republican) 40.2% Joseph Stanton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 24.0% Richard Jackson Jr. (Federalist) 19.9% Asher Robbins (Federalist) 12.9% John Brown (Federalist) 2.2% Second ballot (April 15, 1801): √ Joseph Stanton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 61.4% Thomas Noyes (Federalist) 38.6% |
Christopher G. Champlin | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent retired. Democratic-Republican gain. |
South Carolina
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina 1 Also known as the Charleston District |
Thomas Pinckney | Federalist | 1797 (special) | Incumbent retired. Federalist hold. |
√ Thomas Lowndes (Federalist) 87.0%[lower-alpha 6] Robert Simons (Democratic-Republican) 13.0% |
South Carolina 2 Also known as the Beaufort District |
John Rutledge, Jr. | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Rutledge, Jr. (Federalist) 60.3% Charles J. Colcock (Democratic-Republican) 39.7% |
South Carolina 3 Also known as the Georgetown District |
Benjamin Huger | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Benjamin Huger (Federalist) 54.5% Lemuel Benton (Democratic-Republican) 45.1% Tristam Thomas 0.4% |
South Carolina 4 Also known as the Camden District |
Thomas Sumter | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican) 63.3% Richard Winn (Federalist) 32.6% William Bracey (Federalist) 4.1% |
South Carolina 5 Also known as the Ninety-Six District |
Robert Goodloe Harper | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent retired. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William Butler Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 63.9% John Nicholls (Federalist) 31.0% Charles Goodwyn (Federalist) 5.1% |
South Carolina 6 Also known as the Washington District |
Abraham Nott | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent retired. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas Moore (Democratic-Republican) 50.7% William Smith (Democratic-Republican) 49.3% |
Tennessee
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tennessee at-large | William C. C. Claiborne | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William C. C. Claiborne (Democratic-Republican) 86.3% John Rhea (Democratic-Republican) 13.6% |
Claiborne did not serve in the 7th Congress as he was appointed Governor of Mississippi Territory and was replaced in a special election by William Dickson (Democratic-Republican)
Vermont
Vermont law required a candidate to win a majority to take office, necessitating a run-off election in the 2nd (Eastern) district.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[lower-alpha 5] | |
Vermont 1 "Western district" |
Matthew Lyon | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 63.5% Daniel Chipman (Federalist) 34.8% Amos March 1.8% |
Vermont 2 "Eastern district" |
Lewis R. Morris | Federalist | 1797 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | First ballot (September 2, 1800): Lewis R. Morris (Federalist) 24.9% Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 24.7% Amasa Paine (Federalist) 15.6% Stephen Jacobs (Federalist) 11.3% William Chamberlain (Federalist) 10.6% Stephen R. Bradley 7.3% Lot Hall (Federalist) 5.5% Second ballot (December 2, 1800): √ Lewis R. Morris (Federalist) 55.7% Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 25.4% Amasa Paine (Federalist) 12.4% William Chamberlain (Federalist) 4.5% Others 2.0% |
Virginia
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virginia 1 | Robert Page | Federalist | 1799 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 59.3% Phillip C. Pendleton (Federalist) 40.7% |
Virginia 2 | David Holmes | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ David Holmes[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) Alexander Sinclair (Federalist) |
Virginia 3 | George Jackson | Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ George Jackson[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) Jonathan J. Jacobs (Federalist) Skidmore[lower-alpha 7] (Federalist) |
Virginia 4 | Abram Trigg | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Abram Trigg[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 5 | John J. Trigg | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John J. Trigg[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 6 | Matthew Clay | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Matthew Clay[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 7 | John Randolph | Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Randolph[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 8 | Samuel Goode | Federalist | 1799 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas Claiborne[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 9 | Joseph Eggleston | Democratic-Republican | 1798 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William B. Giles[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 10 | Edwin Gray | Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Edwin Gray[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) Nicholas Faulcon (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 11 | Josiah Parker | Federalist | 1789 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas Newton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 93.6% John Niveson (Federalist) 5.7% Josiah Parker (Federalist) 0.7% |
Virginia 12 | Thomas Evans | Federalist | 1797 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ John Stratton[lower-alpha 4] (Federalist) John Page (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 13 | Littleton Waller Tazewell | Democratic-Republican | 1800 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Clopton[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) Samuel Tyler (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 14 | Samuel J. Cabell | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel J. Cabell[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 15 | John Dawson | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Dawson[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 16 | Anthony New | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Anthony New[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) Carter Braxton James M. Garnett (Democratic-Republican) Tunstall Banks Andrew Monroe Richard Banks Archibald Petetrie |
Virginia 17 | Leven Powell | Federalist | 1799 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Richard Brent[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) Leven Powell (Federalist) Joseph Lane Samuel Clapham |
Virginia 18 | John Nicholas | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Philip R. Thompson[lower-alpha 4] (Democratic-Republican) John Blackwell (Federalist) |
Virginia 19 | Henry Lee | Federalist | 1799 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Taliaferro (Democratic-Republican) 63.0% John Taylor (Federalist) 37.0% |
See also
Notes
- ↑ Majority required for election, necessitating an April 15, 1801 second ballot for one seat.
- ↑ Majority required for election, necessitating a December 2, 1800 second ballot for one seat.
- ↑ Majority required for election, necessitating a March 9, 1801 second ballot for two seats.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data
- 1 2 Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
- ↑ Percent based on incomplete records
- ↑ Source did not give full name
References
- ↑ "Seventh Congress (membership roster)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 6, 2014. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
- ↑ Virginia district 13 race from Ourcampaigns.com
- ↑ https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.special.congress.1800
- ↑ Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- ↑ Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- ↑ Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- ↑ Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=713668
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=713669
- ↑ https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.uscongress.special.2.1800
- ↑ "MA - 3rd Western - Special Election". April 15, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "MA - 3rd Western - Special Election". May 12, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ Georgia at-large race from Ourcampaigns.com
- ↑ https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.special.congress.1799
- ↑ https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.uscongress.special.1801
- ↑ "Massachusetts district 14 special election". Retrieved August 19, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "MA - 4th Western - Special Election - 2nd Trial". April 15, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.uscongress.special.1.1801
- ↑ "NY District 6". September 5, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ "NY District 5". April 7, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ↑ Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
Bibliography
- "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)