Chonan languages

Chonan
Patagonian
Geographic
distribution		 Patagonia
Extinct 1970s
Linguistic classification Mosetén–Chonan ?
  • Chonan
Subdivisions
  • Chon
  • Puelche-Het
Glottolog chon1288[1]
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Het, Gününa Yajich (Puelche), and Chon proper.

The Chonan languages were a family of indigenous American languages spoken in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. Two Chon languages are well attested: Selk'nam, spoken by the people of the same name who occupied territory in the northeast of Tierra del Fuego; and Tehuelche spoken by the people of the same name who occupied territory north of Tierra del Fuego. The name 'Chon', or Tshon, is a blend of 'Tehuelche' and 'Ona'.

The Selk'nam people were widely studied by anthropologists such as Martin Gusinde and Anne Chapman throughout the 20th century. However, their language became extinct in the 1970s.

The northern Tehuelche were conquered and later assimilated by the Mapuche during the Araucanization of Patagonia. Some 1.7 million Mapuche continue to live in Chile and Argentina. Further south they traded peacefully with y Wladfa, the colony of Welsh settlers. Some Tehuelche learnt Welsh and left their children with the settlers for their education. A solid photographic record was made of this people. However, they were later nearly exterminated in the late 19th-century government-sponsored genocides of Patagonia.[2] Of some 5000 speakers in 1900, as of 2005 there are about 20 speakers left.

The Haush spoke a language similar to Ona. Some scholars also add to the family the Teushen language —once spoken by the Teushen, located between the Tehuelche and Puelche —though it is poorly attested.

Viegas Barros (2005) attempts to demonstrate that Puelche to the north is related to the Chon languages, and would constitute one branch of an extended Chonan family. This proposal has been picked up by Lyle Campbell.[3] Based on the scanty evidence that is available, the Het peoples (or at least the Didiuhet) might be speakers of languages within the proposed Puelche branch.

If this is correct, the Chon family would be as follows:

Chonan 

 Chon proper 

 Island 

 

Ona (Selk'nam)

 
 

Haush (Manek'enk)

 
 
 Continental 

 

Tehuelche

 
 

Teushen

 
 
 
 Puelche–Het 

 

Puelche (Gününa Küne)

 
 

? Het (Didiuhet; Taluhet and Chechehet are unattested)

 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Chonan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ Brenzinger, 2007. Language diversity endangered. Walter de Gruyter.
  3. ↑ Campbell, Lyle. (in preparation) "The classification of South American languages. In Campbell & Grondona (eds.), South America. Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: CHON


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