Chiquitano language

Chiquitano
Besïro
Native to Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Ethnicity 47,100 Chiquitano people (2004)[1]
Native speakers
 5,900 in Bolivia (2004)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 cax
Glottolog chiq1248  Chiquitano[2]
sans1265  Sansimoniano[3]

Chiquitano (also Bésiro or Tarapecosi) is an indigenous language isolate of eastern Bolivia, spoken in the central region of the Santa Cruz province.

Classification

Chiquitano is a language isolate. Greenberg linked it to the Macro-Jê languages in his discredited proposal, which was never substantiated.

According to traditional sources, dialects were tao (yúnkarirsh), piñoco, penoqui, kusikia, manasi, san simoniano, churapa.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive plain p t t͡ʃ k ʔ
dentalized t̪
Fricative plain s ʃ
voiced β r
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Approximant w j

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Close-mid e o
Open a

[4]

Nasal assimilation

Chiquitano has regressive assimilation triggered by nasal nuclei / ɨ̃ ĩ ũ õ ã ẽ/ and targeting consonant onsets within a morpheme.

  • /suβũ/ → [suˈmũ] 'parrot (sp.)' [5]

Syllable structure

The language has CV, CVV, and CVC syllables. It does not allow complex onsets or codas. The only codas allowed are nasal consonants.

References

  1. 1 2 Chiquitano at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Chiquitano". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Sansimoniano". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ Krusi, Dorothee, Martin (1978). Phonology of Chiquitano.
  5. ↑ Sans, Pierric (2011). "Proceedings of the VII Encontro Macro-Jê.Brasilia, Brazil".
  • Fabre, Alain (2008-07-21). "Chiquitano" (PDF). Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos. Retrieved 2009-01-16.


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