Boriwen

Boriwen (Thai: บริเวณ) were subdivisions of three of the larger Thai monthon. Several mueang were grouped together into one boriwen. In 1908 the boriwen were renamed to changwat,^[1] which became the name of provinces countrywide in 1916.^[2]

The monthon with between three and five boriwen were Phayap, Udon Thani and Isan. Each boriwen was administrated by a commissioner (khaluang boriwen, ข้าหลวงบริเวณ). The administrative headquarters of the boriwen were located in the provincial town listed first:

• Monthon Phayap
  • Boriwen Northern Chiangmai: Chiang Rai, Chiang Saen, Papao, Nongkhwang, and Fang
  • Boriwen Western Chiangmai: Mae Hong Son, Yuam, Khun Yuam, and Pai
  • Boriwen Northern Nan: Chiangkhong, Thoeng, Chiangkham, Chianglaeng, Chianglom, Chianghon (Khop and Kutsawadi were seceded to France in 1904)
• Monthon Udon Thani
  • Boriwen Makkhaeng: Ban Makkhaeng (Udonthani), Nongkhai, Nonglahan, Kumphawapi, Kamutthasai, Phonphisai, and Rattanawapi
  • Boriwen Phachi: Khonkaen, Chonnabot, and Phuwiang
  • Boriwen That Phanom: Nakhon Phanom, Chaiburi, Tha Uthen and Mukdahan
  • Boriwen Sakon: Sakon Nakhon
  • Boriwen Nam Huang: Loei, Kaen Thao, Bo Tha
• Monthon Isan
  • Boriwen Ubon: Ubon Ratchathani, Khemmarat, Yasothon
  • Boriwen Champassak (Bassac): Champassak (Bassac)
  • Boriwen Khukhan: Khukhan, Sisaket, and Det-udom
  • Boriwen Surin: Surin, and Sangkha
  • Boriwen Roi-et: Roi Et, Mahasarakham, Kalasin, Kammalasai, Suwannaphum

See also

• Subdivisions of Thailand

References

• Tej Bunnag (1977). The provincial administration of Siam, 1892-1915: the Ministry of the Interior under Prince Damrong Rajanubhab. Kuala Lumpur; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-580343-4.