Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences
Former names	Institute of Palaeobotany, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany
Type	Registered Society
Established	1946
Location	Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; 26°52′03″N 80°56′20″E / 26.86750°N 80.93889°E
Campus	53 University Road, Lucknow
Nickname	BSIP
Website	BSIP
	Bust of Birbal Sahni at Birla Industrial & Technological Museum

The Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany (acronym BSIP)^[1] is an autonomous institute constituted under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. The Institute is located at Lucknow,^[2] Uttar Pradesh, India and is a seat of higher learning in the field of plant fossil research.

Profile

Brachiopods and bryozoans in an Ordovician limestone, southern Minnesota

Reconstruction showing final stages of assembly of Gondwana, 550 Mya

A late Silurian sporangium bearing trilete spores. Such spores are the earliest evidence of life on land.

The Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany was established in the year 1946, under the name, Institute of Palaeobotany, a progression of the Palaeobotanical society formed by a group of botanists led by the renowned Indian botanist, Professor Birbal Sahni,^[3] known as the father of Dendrology,^[4]^[5] who became its first Director.^[6] The initial office of the Institute was at the Department of Botany, Lucknow University. The then government of the United Provinces gifted a bungalow sitting on 3.50 acres of land to the Institute in 1948, which till today remains its campus.^[7]

Savitri Sahni, took over the reins of the Institute on her husband's death in 1949 and the Institute moved into a new purpose-built building in 1953. The Institute, by that time, had already started to be known and, in 1951, UNESCO included it in their Technical Assistance Program. On 9 July 1969, the research activities were alienated from the society and Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany was formed, in honor of the scientist,^[5] as an independent autonomous research organization funded by the Government of India.^[8]

BSIP works in close coordination with various organizations such as Geological Survey of India, Physical Research Laboratory, Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Oil India Limited, Coal India Limited, Coal Mine Planning and Design Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratory, Neyveli Lignite Corporation, Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited, Indian Institutes of Technology, Institute Francais de Pondicherry, Botanical Survey of India, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Laboratories under Department of Science and Technology, Archaeological Survey of India, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, different State and University Departments of Archaeology and Geology Departments of several Universities. The Institute has signed specific MOUs with Oil and natural Gas Corporation, Geological Survey of India (Coal Wing), Delta Studies Institute, Vishakhapattanam (for delta/basin modeling in relation to paramecia and hydrocarbon exploration) and National Institute of Oceanography, Goa (for Quaternary palaeoclimate of marine and coastal areas).

Objectives

Mammals are the dominant terrestrial vertebrates of the Cenozoic.

Drill for dendrochronology sampling and growth ring counting

A volcanic sand grain seen under the microscope, with plane-polarized light in the upper picture, and cross polarized light in the lower picture. Scale box is 0.25 mm.

Fossil nummulitid foraminiferans showing microspheric and megalospheric individuals; Eocene of the United Arab Emirates; scale in mm.

The main objectives of the Institute are set as:^[9]

To develop palaeobotany in all its botanical and geological aspects.
To constantly update data for interaction with allied disciplines.
To co-ordinate with other palaeobotanical and geological research centres in the areas of mutual interest, such as diversification of early life, exploration of fossil fuels, vegetational dynamics, climatic modelling, conservation of forests.
To disseminate palaeobotanical knowledge in universities, educational institutions and other organisations.

Thrust areas

The Institute has identified the thrust areas of activities on:

Pre-Cambrian Palaeobiology
Gondwana Mezozoic Palaeofloristics^[10]
Gondwana Palynology
Cenozoic Palaeofloristics
Late Mezozoic-Cenozoic Palynology
Marine Micropaleontology
Organic Petrology
Quaternary Paleoclimate
Dendrochronology
Paleoethnobotany
Isotope and Geochemistry
Arctic-Antarctic Research

Departments

Museum

BSIP nurses a museum,^[11] originally housing the fossil collections of Professor Sahni, but now holds later collections made by the scientists over the years. The collection includes holotype specimens, slides and figured specimens.

Figured specimens : 6679
Figured slides : 12740
Slide negatives : 17504

The museum, with its foundation stone, laid by Birbal Sahni, composed of fossils of various geological ages embedded in a marble-cement block, displays the specimens based on their general and geological relevance. The museum also maintains a Geological Time Clock.

Knowledge Resource Centre

The Institute library is an automated one with database services such as GEOREF, Web of Science, JCCC@INSTIRC and access to CSIR-DST consortium. It operates on a fully integrated multi-user LIBSYS 4 software package with addition of Web OPAC. The journals are made available online to the users.

Herbarium

The Herbarium functions with four different sections:

General collection of dried plants mounted on herbarium sheets
Xylarium - collection of woods and their thin sections
Sporothek - collection of pollen and spore slides and polleniferous material
Carpothek - collection of fruits, seeds

The fossil specimens such as leaves, cuticle, pollen, spores, fruits, seed and wood, numbering 51,472, are preserved according to their variation, local names, uses, distribution and ecology and include contributions from J. F. Duthie, R. R. Stewart, K. N. Kaul, Birbal Sahni, O. A. Hoeg and A. L. Takhtajan.

Computer Centre

BSIP is well equipped with an advanced computer network with LAN, radio link facility from the Software Park of India, Lucknow and National Knowledge Network connection. The web site of the Institute is also maintained by the Computer Centre.

Awards

BSIP recognizes the achievements in the field of Palaeobotany by giving away many awards to the deserving scientists.

Professor T. M. Harris Medal: Awarded to the best paper published on Palaeobotany in any recognized journal.

Dr. P. N. Srivastava Medal: Awarded to the best research work done in the Institute.

Chandra Dutt Pant Memorial Medal: Awarded to the best research work by a Scientist in Grade C.

Dr. Chunni Lal Khatiyal Medal: Awarded to the best research work by a Scientist in Grade A.

Dr. Pratul Chandra Bhandari Medal: Awarded to the best research work by a BISP scholar.

Iyengar-Sahni Medal: Awarded to the best paper published in The Palaeobotanist.

Dr. B. S. Venkatachala Memorial Medal: Awarded to the best paper published in Palaeobotany.

Team Medal: Awarded to the best team for collaborative efforts.

Diamond Jubilee Medal: Awarded to the best research paper published by a scientist or a team.

Scientific Out Put Medal: Awarded to the best research work by a scientist in Grades E, F or G.

In addition, BISP also recognizes in-house administrative achievements in the form of medals such as External Budgetary Resource Medal, Efficient Administrative Staff Medal and BSIP Employee Medal.

The Palaeobotanist

The Palaeobotanist is a widely acknowledged journal in Palaeobotany, published by the Institute. BSIP published the first volume in 1952 as an annual publication. However, the frequency has been increased over the time and, since 1962, is released three times a year.^[12]